• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

In an attempt to develop new anti-diabetic agents, a series of aryloxypropanolamine derivatives was synthesized to serve as ${\beta}_3$ adrenoceptor agonists. Among these derivatives, 1-{1-methyl-3-[4-(2-methyl-2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]propylamino}-3-phenoxy-2-propanol (KR60886) possessed a high affinity for the ${\beta}_3$ adrenoceptor (Ki = 28 nM) and moderate affinities for ${\beta}_1$ and ${\beta}_2$ adrenoceptors (Ki = 95 nM and 100 nM, respectively). In addition, KR60886 stimulated cAMP production with an EC$_{50}$ of 0.4 ${\mu}M$, confirming its agonistic activity for the ${\beta}_3$ adrenoceptor. In vivo activities of KR60886 were examined by using a fat-fed/streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rat model and the ob/ob mouse model. Oral administration of KR60886 (10 mg/kg) for 3 days (b.i.d.) to fat-fed/STZ-treated rats significantly lowered plasma glucose levels and reduced plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Similarly, KR60886 treatment (10 mg/kg/day for 7 d) resulted in a reduction of plasma glucose concentrations in ob/ob mice. The present study suggests that KR60886 is a potent ${\beta}_3$ receptor agonist with in vivo anti-diabetic properties.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

In this work, we performed the methanation reaction using synthesis gas ($H_2/CO_2$) for the process to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG) for $4^{th}$ methanation reactor in SNG process proposed by RIST-IAE. Experimental conditions were changed with temperature, pressure and space velocity. At this time, $CO_2$ conversion, $CH_4$ selectivity and $H_2$ concentration after reaction were investigated. As a result, $CH_4$ selectivity by the $CO_2$ methanation increased with lower space velocity and higher pressure. On the other hand, in the case of temperature, the maximum value was shown at $320^{\circ}C$. From these results, it was found that the optimum condition of the fourth reactor suitable for the SNG process was obtained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1242-1248
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the in vitro developmental ability and apoptosis of bovine embryos nucleartransferred (NT) with frozen-thawed or cooled donor cells. Cultured adult bovine ear cells were used as donor cells after sub-culturing to confluence (CC), cooling to 4$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, or freezing-thawing (FT). Apoptotic cells in blastocysts were evaluated for apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Fusion, cleavage and blastocyst rates were 69.0 (167/242), 68.8 (115/167), and 29.9 (50/167) with CC cells, 70.4 (88/125), 69.3 (61/88), and 29.6 (26/88) with cooled cells and 66.1 (117/177), 70.1 (82/117), and 13.7 (16/117) with FT cells, respectively. Blastocyst rates of NT embryos derived from FT cells were significantly lower than those from CC or cooled cells (p<0.05). In addition, NT blastocysts produced by using FT cells showed significantly higher apoptosis rates (6.4${\pm}$4.0%) than those produced by CC (2.8${\pm}$1.7%) or cooled (2.3${\pm}$1.3%) cells. However, cooling of donor cells had no significant adverse effect on blastocyst rate as well as apoptosis rate. Therefore, our results suggest that cooled cells may be used as an alternative to freshly cultured confluent culture cells, as donor cells, for the production of Somatic nuclear cloned cattle.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2023

Thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1), one of the thioredoxin superfamily known as redox-regulator, plays an essential in maintaining cell survival via various antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. It is well known that relationship between ischemia and oxidative stress, however, the role of TXNL1 protein in ischemic damage has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we aimed to determine the protective role of TXNL1 against on ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo using cell permeable Tat-TXNL1 fusion protein. Transduced Tat-TXNL1 inhibited ROS production and cell death in H₂O₂-exposed hippocampal neuronal (HT-22) cells and modulated MAPKs and Akt activation, and pro-apoptotic protein expression levels in the cells. In an ischemia animal model, Tat-TXNL1 markedly decreased hippocampal neuronal cell death and the activation of astrocytes and microglia. These findings indicate that cell permeable Tat-TXNL1 protects against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ischemic animal model. Therefore, we suggest Tat-TXNL1 can be a potential therapeutic protein for ischemic injury.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.504-509
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• 1989

Fermentation condition of Streptococcus lactis IFO 12007 for nisin production was examined. The optimal glucose concentration was 60g/ι. The pH and temperature optimum were 6.5 and 31$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximum nisin activity in batch culture was 2000IU/$m\ell$. The fermentation quotients after 7 hours of fermentation in batch culture were; specific glucose uptake rate:0.59g/g/h , specific nisin productivity: 34924IU/g/h, product yield: 5944IU/g, growth yield:0.24, biomass:4.81g/ι. The specific growth rate was affected by pH and temperature and the activation energy for growth was 1.35kcal/mole. pH control was essential for nisin production. Fed-batch culture using 20g/$\ell$ glucose medium produced 1420IU/$m\ell$ after 14 hours. The continuous culture could be operated at below 0.38h$^{-1}$ for nisin production. The steady state nisin concentration and specific nisin productivity were 740IU/$m\ell$ and 45000IU/g/h. The growth yield and maintenance energy were 0.144 and 207mg glucose/g-cell/h.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1113-1116
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to compare the follicular population during spontaneous and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ induced oestrous cycles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. In Exp.1, (n = 13 oestrous cycles) follicular population was monitored using ultrasonography on alternate days. Buffaloes were monitored for ovarian follicles from day 0 (first oestrus) until next oestrus. These animals were observed for oestrus twice daily using a teaser bull. Of 12 oestrous cycles, 9 (75%) had two waves of follicular activity and only 3 (25%) had three waves during the oestrous cycle. The mean number of small, medium and large follicles among various days of the oestrous cycle between two and three waves of follicular development were not significantly different (p>0.05). In Exp. 2, follicular population 3 days before oestrus was compared in buffaloes undergoing spontaneous (n = 12 oestrous cycles) and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ induced (n = 6) luteolysis. The mean number of small and large follicles increased (p<0.05) and the number of medium follicles decreased (p<0.05) during the 3 days before oestrus in buffaloes undergoing induced luteolysis as compared to those with spontaneous luteolysis. These results showed that the mean number of small, medium and large follicles among various days of the oestrous cycle were similar between the two and three waves of follicular development, and three days before oestrous the number of small, medium and large follicles altered due to induced luteolysis on day 9, compared to those with spontaneous luteolysis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.431-443
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• 2013

Sulfur content of diesel fuel has been cut down to under 10 ppm ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) level by environmental regulation with the aim of reducing exhaust emissions. This review discusses the methods and principles of sulfur reduction in diesel and presents an overview of new approaches for ultra-deep desulfurization. The deep HDS (hydrodesulfurization) problems of diesel streams is exacerbated by the inhibiting effect of co-existing aromatics, nitrogen compounds and $H_2S$. The new approaches to deep desulfurization includes non-HDS type processing schemes such as adsorptive, extractive and oxidative desulfurization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1984

The followings are the results obtained from the investigation of isolation and cultural conditions of a fungus producing antibiotic from humus, spring soil, paddy, field and etc. 1. Among fungi which were capable of antimicrobial sub stance producing at the $45^{\circ}C$, Strain H-3 was selected as test st rain because of its efficiency in antimicrobial substance producing. 2. Strain H-3 was identified as a Aspergullus fumigatus by the mophological properties. 3. The compositions of optimun media for the production of antimicrobial substance were followed;glucose 20g, $NaNO_3$ 3g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1g, $CaCl_2$ 0.5g, $MgSo_4$ 0.5g, $FeSO_4$ 0.005g. 4. Optimum culture conditions were founded to be pH 5.0, $40^{\circ}C$ respectively. 5. The maximum antimicrobial substance producing obtained in this study was showed 14mm of clear zone after 72 hrs incubation under the optimum conditions. 6. AF-c substance was active against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast but not mold in its biological properties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 1981

An experiment with the tobacco plant was conducted in the pots. A sandy humic soil was used with 2 levels of pH, 3.5 and 5.8 with 2 kinds of anions, Cl as $NH_4Cl$ and $SO_4$ as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and with 4 levels of pF, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.5. The pH-treatment created different N-forms; $NH_4$ at low pH(3.5) and $NO_3$ at high pH (5.8). The results are summarized as follows: 1. At low pH (3.5) with high concentration of $NH_4$ given as $NH_4Cl$, the high content of $NH_4$ and Cl in tobacco resulted in plants suffering from $NH_4$ and Cl toxicity as well as Mn toxicity. As a result of these toxicity, an extremly abnormal growth of tobacco was clearly appeared. In the tobacco grown at low pH with $NH_4$ given as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, a large amount of the $NH_4$ uptake developed Mg and Ca deficiencies. $NH_4-N$, which had been applied to the soil of high pH (5.8), was almost completely transformed into $NO_3-N$ by nitrification and, on this low acidic soil, the plants were all healthy regardless of Cl or $SO_4$ added together with $NH_4-N$. However, dry matter production was higher and maturity faster when $SO_4$ was used as anion than when Cl was used. 2. High moisture content in soil, to some extent, is necessary for a good development and growth of the tobacco plant. Phosphate uptake seemed to be limited at higher moisture stress. The dry matter yield of tops and roots of tobacco were in the order of pF 1.8 > 2.1 > 2.6 > 3.6, respectively. 3. Data of chemical analysis and dry matter yields of tops and roots showed that the tobacco plant followed the normal (C-A) concept. In the normal growth of plants, the carboxylate content of tops was quite comparable to the estimated (C-A) values. If $NH_4$ content of plants remains in quite high quantities, it must be analysed and taken into consideration for the (C-A) calculation. Al is not transported toward tops in toxic amounts due to its high immobility, it mostly stay in or on the roots, probably due to precipitation as a aolt. When Al is present in high quantities, it has to be considered into the (C-A) calculation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.785-792
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• 2020

ʟ-Theanine, found in green tea leaves has been shown to positively affect immunity and relaxation in humans. There have been many attempts to produce ʟ-theanine through enzymatic synthesis to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. Among the many genes coding for enzymes in the ʟ-theanine biosynthesis, glutamylmethylamide synthetase (GMAS) exhibits the greatest possibility of producing large amounts of production. Thus, GMAS from Methylovorus mays No. 9 was overexpressed in several strains including vectors with different copy numbers. BW25113(DE3) cells containing the pET24ma::gmas was selected for strains. The optimal temperature, pH, and metal ion concentration were 50℃, 7, and 5 mM MnCl₂, respectively. Additionally, ATP was found to be an important factor for producing high concentration of ʟ-theanine so several strains were tested during the reaction for ATP regeneration. Baker's yeast was found to decrease the demand for ATP most effectively. Addition of potassium phosphate source was demonstrated by producing 4-fold higher ʟ-theanine. To enhance the conversion yield, GMAS was additionally overexpressed in the system. A maximum of 198 mM ʟ-theanine was produced with 16.5 mmol/l/h productivity. The whole-cell reaction involving GMAS has greatest potential for scale-up production of ʟ-theanine.