• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.147-169
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• 1994

This study was conducted to ivestigate the quality of modeled chinese-cabbage Kimchi. The mutual action of sub-ingredients and optimum mixing conditions were examined by analyses of pH, acidity, content of vitamins, carotenes, number of total microorganism, and Lactobacilli, the activities of softening related to enzymes (polygalacturonase and ${\beta}$-galactosidase), and sensory quality during fermentation. The result about the mutual action of red pepler powder and garlic showed that the pH was decresed as concentration of garlic was higher and that of red peppler powder became lower. Kimchi had unpleasant taste and undesirable odor when the adding ratio of the peper powder and garlic was unbalanced. As the concentration of garlic became higher, the content of vitamin C in Kimchi tissue decreased while that of vitamin C in Kimchi juice increased. The contents of vitamin B1, B2 and carotene increased as the concentration of garlic became lower. The optimum mixing ratio of red pepper powder and garlic evaluated by overall eating quality was 4.66% and 3.45%, respectively. The result about the mutual action of ginger and green onion was that pH became higher as the concentration of ginger was 1.84% and that of green onion was 5.96%. The intensity of fresh taste and odor became stronger as the concentration of ginger increaed to 2.76% and that of green onion decreased to 2.98%. The balance of sour, salty and hot taste became better as the concentration of ginger increased and that of green onion decreased. The optimum mixing condition evaluated by overall eating quality was 2.94% in ginger ＋ 2.78% in green onion. The contents of vitamin B1, B2 and C were high in this condition. The result about the mutual action of leek and salted anchovy juice was that pH became lower as the concentration of leek increased and that of salted anchovy juice decreased. Sour, hot and sweet tastes were good in the condition of leek 12%, salted anchovy juice 4.69%. Palatable, fresh taste and odor became weaker when the one of both sub-ingredients was too much little. The optimum mixing condition evaluated by overall easting quality was 9.76% in leek ＋ 7.32% in salted anchovy juice. The contents of vitamin B1, B2, C and carotene were high in this condition and other sensory qualities were good. The result about the mutual action of salt and sugar was that pH became lower as the concentration of sugar became higher and that of salt became lower. The sweet taste was reduced of hot taste than salty taste. Palatable and fresh tastes were desirable when Kimchi fermented with less salt and more sugar. The optimum mixing condition evaluated by overall eating quality was 3.29% in sugar ＋ 4.80% in salt. The contents of vitamin B1, B1, C and carotene were high in this condition. The result of model Kimchi fermented at 20$^{\circ}C$ was that the number of Lactobacilli in model Kimchi was higher than that of in control Kimchi. The fermentation period was extended under pH 4.0 and the contents of vitamin B1, B1,C and carotene were high through the whole edible period. The activity of polygalacturonase was low, but that of ${\beta}$-galactosidase was high during fermentation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1583-1593
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• 2011

As we see the continuation of the increase in the speed of the High Speed railroad worldwide, there is a concern for a possible problem in the connecting transition zone in the railway infrastructure. Honam High Speed railroad's transition zone in the hub for the rotation structures and other supporting structures such as approach slab, sub slab, approach block, etc. Due to its increase in speed of the design speed, and its important role on the driving stability and credibility of the bearing ground performance, we must seek and fine a prevention plan for a cause of differential settlement, as well as the cause of the derailment. In this dissertation, domestic, as well as international design manuals and the applicability of the control standards are studied. Also through the study target, Honam High Speed railroad zone 4-1, we evaluated the connecting componant of the Yeon-Jeong bridge through the eigenvalue and weight transfer of the train when operated at 300km/h, 350km/h, 400km/h, 450km/h, and were able to achieve detailed assessment by checking track behaviors, looking at various components such as the rotation acceleration according to the inversion of the distance length, displace length, displacement and stress distribution. Through these studied, possibility of operating at 400km/h was evaluated based on the condition of the current design basis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.523-529
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• 2002

A Total of 703 swine sera from 55 swine farrns (Mar. 1998 through Feb. 2001) were nation-wide collected for the presence of the antibody to influenza A virus H3 subtype isolate. The presence of antibody was tested by hernagglutination inhibition with chicken red blood cells and seropositiveness was determined by HI titer ${\geq}1$: 40. Sero-prevalence was evaluated based on year, season, region and age, respectively. In consequence, there were seme differences by year, season and region, respectively. High susceptibility was routinely observed in 60 and 90 day-old piglets. Therefore, it seems that the sero-prevalence to swine influenza virus H3 subtype isolate is useful for the prevention and control of swine influenza in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.773-778
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• 2001

This paper describes the implementation of the vector control schemes for a variable-speed 131kW PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) in super-high speed application. The vector control with synchronous reference frame current regulator has been implemented with the challenging requirements such as the extremely low stator inductance$(28^{\mu}H)$, the high dc link voltage(600V) and the high excitation frequency(1.2kHz). Because the conventional position sensor is not reliable in super-high speed, a vector control scheme without any position sensor has been proposed. The proposed sensorless algorithm is implemented by processing the output voltage of the PI current regulator, and hence the structure is simple and the estimated speed is robust to the measurement noise. The experimental system has been built and the proposed control has been implemented and evaluated. The test result, up to the speed of 60,000 r/min, shows the validity of the proposed control.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.838-846
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• 2022

Objective: Native plants can be used as additives to replace antibiotics to improve ruminant feed utilization and animal health. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Gentiana straminea (GS) on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and energy metabolism of Simmental calves. Methods: Thirty-two (5-week-old) male Simmental clves, with initial body weight (BW) of 155±12 kg were fed the same basal diet of concentrates (26%), alfalfa hay (37%), and oat hay (37%) and were randomly separated into four treatment groups according to the amount of GS that was added to their basal diet. The four different groups received different amounts of GS as a supplement to their basal diet during whole experiment: (0 GS) 0 mg/kg BW, the control; (100 GS) 100 mg/kg BW; (200 GS) 200 mg/kg BW; and (300 GS) 300 mg/kg BW. Results: For calves in the 200 GS and 300 GS treatment groups, there was a significant increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05), organic matter intake (p<0.05), DM digestibility (p<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (p<0.05), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of DM intake (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.05), NDF intake (p<0.05), and ADF intake (p<0.05). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention (p<0.001) and the ratio of retention N to N intake (p<0.001). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly decreased methane (CH₄) emissions (p<0.01), CH₄/BW^0.75 (p<0.05) and CH₄ energy (CH₄-E) (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of CH₄ (p<0.01) and CH₄/DM intake (p<0.01). Compared with 0 GS, GS-supplemented diets significantly improved their gross energy intake (p<0.05). The metabolizable energy and digestive energy intake were significantly greater for calves in the 100 GS and 200 GS calves than for 0 GS calves (p<0.05). Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that supplementing calf diets with GS could improve utilization of feed, energy, and N, and may reduce CH₄ emissions without having any negative effects on animal health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1279-1285
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• 2015

The current study aimed to investigate effects of ethanol extract of white sesame seed (WSE) as well as a major constituent of white sesame seed, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, on the growth, migration, and adhesion of H1299 human lung cancer cells. Treatment with WSE at concentrations of 150, 300, and $600{\mu}g/mL$ dose-dependently inhibited cell growth (to 51.5~82.6% of control). Treatment with ${\beta}-sitosterol$ at concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and $25{\mu}M$ inhibited cell growth to a greater extent (to 27.5~49.0% of control) than that with WSE (P<0.05). Treatment with WSE (at concentration of $600{\mu}g/mL$) or ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (at concentration of $25{\mu}M$) resulted in increased sub-G1 cell population, indicating their apoptosis-inducing activities. ${\beta}-sitosterol$ was effective in inhibiting both cell migration (to 80.8~86.2% of control at a concentration range of $3.125{\sim}25{\mu}M$) and adhesion (to 21.5~37.4% of control at a concentration range of $6.25{\sim}25{\mu}M$), whereas WSE at a concentration range of $150{\sim}600{\mu}g/mL$ was ineffective. These results indicate that ${\beta}-sitosterol$ is more active than WSE in inhibiting growth, migration, and adhesion of H1299 human lung cancer cells. Further studies are needed to determine if similar effects are reproduced in vivo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.847-854
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to prepare Daebong persimmon-fermented liquor supplemented with Prunus mume fruit to promote the consumption of Daebong persimmon and to develop local specialties. As fermentation progressed, the alcohol content rapidly increased, whereas the sugar content decreased. With the production of CO₂ from the second day of fermentation, the epidermis and flesh solids of the Daebong persimmons began mixing together and rose to the surface of the fermentation container. This phenomenon continued until the fourth and fifth days of fermentation; on the fifth day, the ethanol and sugar contents were 11.4% and 9.8°Brix, respectively. A concentration of 6 to 9% (w/w) P. mume fruit was found to be the optimal amount during Daebong persimmon fermentation. When the fermented liquor was stored for 60 days at 5℃, the pH and ethanol content showed no significant change during the aging period. As aging progressed, the content of sugar slowly decreased in both the control sample and in the one to which P. mume was added, showing 9.8 and 10.4 mg/ml at the eighth week post-aging, respectively. The total acid content was 0.79~0.81% at the beginning of aging but slightly increased to 0.84~0.86% in the second week of aging. As a result of the sensory test, the sour taste, sweetness, and flavor were slightly stronger in the P. mume fruit group than in the control group.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2017

This study was conducted to confirm the rumen fermentation characteristics of large-scale CoenzymeQ10(CoQ10) producing bacteria R. spharoides in rumen. We conducted in vitro continuous culture test to investigate the characteristics of rumen fermentation with 5% R. spharoides as a direct fed microorganism. A rumen microbial fermentation characteristic has stability at after 12 days for 15 day of experimental period. pH value, NH₃-N, microbial protein synthesis, ADF digestibility and NDF digestibility were not shown significantly differences between control and treatment. However, UDP was significantly higher in treatment than control (p<0.05). CoQ10 concentration was 336.0mg/l with 5% R. spharoides. On the other hands, CoQ10 was not detected without R. spharoides. Our study was shown that R. spharoides can produce CoQ10 in rumen environment without harmful effects on rumen fermentation parameter. CoQ10 in rumen may transfer into cow milk through cow metabolism. This strategy might be helpful for producing functional dairy cow milk.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.714-719
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• 2002

To examine effects of Whadamcheongwha-tang(WDCWT) extract, the mice investigated the gastrin and histamine secreting cells of the stomach by immunohistochemical method, and the lymphocytes of the spleen and thymus by flow cytometry after the oral administration of WDCWT extract(0.2ml/day) and omeprazole (1mg/day) for 7, 14 and 21 days. The result are as follows; 1. When WDCWT extract was administrated for 7 days, in result, gastrin secreting cells were unchanged. When omeprazole was administrated for 7 and 14 days, gastrin secreting cells were slightly increased than that of normal control group. When WDCWT extract was administrated for 21 days, in result, gastrin secreting cells were significantly increased 1.9 times than that of normal control group. When omeprazole was administrated for 21 days, gastrin secreting cells were increased 1.96 times than that of normal control group. 2. When WDCWT extract and omeprazole were administrated for 7 days, in result, histamine secreting cells were unchanged. When WDCWT extract was administrated for 21 days, in result, histamine secreting cells were significantly increased 1.9 times more than that of normal control group. When omeprazole was administrated for 21 days, in result, histamine secreting cells were increased 2.1 times compared with normal control group. 3. When WDCWT extract administrated for 7, 14 and 21 days, in result, splenic Band T lymphocytes, especially T/sub H/ lymphocytes were significantly increased compared with normal control group, and thymic T/sub H/ lymphocytes were also increased in WDCWT administrated group for 14 days. The results suggest that WDCWT extract inhibit a gastric acid secretion in mice stomach, and is useful in the treatment of the hyperacidity and gastric ulcer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.626-634
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical, microbiological and antioxidant activities of sun-dried venison amended with green tea powder (T1-3: 0, 0.5, and 1%) and Hanwoo beef jerky. Sliced beef and venison shank were marinated and sun-dried at 28-30℃ and 30-35% RH for 3.5 h. The venison jerky had a higher ash and protein content, and lower moisture and fat content than the control (p<0.05). T3 (venison+green tea powder 1%) showed a lower a_w than all other samples during storage for 10 and 20 d (p<0.05). Hunter’s color a* and b* values of T2 and T3 were lower than those of T1 and the control at day 0 (p<0.05). Saturated fatty acid was significantly higher in T1, while PUFA was higher in T2 and T3 (p<0.05). Overall sensory scores of venison jerky were lower than those of the control, except for T2, which had a similar color, flavor, saltiness and acceptability as the control. T2 and T3 showed a significant decrease in TPCs after storage for 20 d (p<0.05). The TBARS values of T3 jerky were lower than those of other jerky samples (p<0.05).