• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.297-304
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• 2015

Recently, the demand for a PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) system based on autonomous navigation is increasing. Accordingly, the applicability investigations of the PRT system on rail tracks or roadways have been widely studied. In the case of unmanned vehicle operations without physical guideways on roadways, to monitor the position of the vehicle in real time is very important for stable, robust and reliable guidance of an autonomous vehicle. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been commercially used for vehicle positioning. However, it cannot be applied in environments as tunnels or interiors of buildings. The PRT navigation system based on magnetic markers reference sensing that can overcome these environmental restrictions and the vehicle dynamics model for its H/W configuration are presented in this study. In addition, the design of a control S/W dedicated for unmanned operation of a PRT vehicle and its prototype implementation for experimental validation on a pilot network were successfully achieved.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-303
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• 2007

This report includes basic data on nutrition education for Chinese adolescents living in Korea. A total of 183 Chinese adolescents living in Incheon participated in the survey. Body composition was analyzed by the Inbody 4.0., and questionnaires on personal dietary behavior were administrated. When compared with the body measure indices of Korean adolescents, we found that height was similar, but weight greater ($5{\sim}12 kg$) among the participants. Regarding obesity, 30.0% of all students were obese (BMI>25), especially the high school boys (42.0%). But in the case of middle school boys, the rates of obesity and under weight (BMI<18.5) were the same (both of them at 22.9%). The average WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the female high school group (0.9) was over the normal range. The average percent body fat for each group was also over the normal range. The percentage of students having breakfast everyday was 52.2%, and the rate of skipping breakfast was 25.0%. In the obesity group, the rate of skipping breakfast was remarkably high (P<0.05). Because lunch service was not available at the schools, a lunch box from home was the most popular pattern (43.1 %), but eating out was also popular at 36.6%. For the male high school students, the eating out rate was 62.8%. Since many have-lived in Korea for a few generations, the students' eating practices were much closer to the Korean pattern. For their ordinary meal pattern, 96.0% of the students included Korean foods. however, for New Years Day, the rate of having Gyo-Ja was 75.2%, and having Wol-Byung at Choo-seok was 78.6%, showing that the Chinese tradition still remains. In the case of food preferences, the percentage having Kimchi everyday was 62.1 %, but those drinking green tea was 13.1 %. For cold drinks, the rate for drinking them more than twice per week was 71.6%. The most preferred cooking method was frying with oil (50.6%). Among the students who had visited China (or Taiwan), the rate for 'bad food familiarity' was 37.0%, and the rate for 'did not know Chinese traditional course menus' was 71.3%. As a result of combining eating practices from both China and Korea, and the absence of lunch service in Chinese schools, students are showing bad dietary behaviors. therefore, it is necessary to provide proper nutrition education and a system for lunch service in Chinese schools.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.25
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• pp.41-64
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• 2004

This study examined the impact of newspaper scale on the use of local government's news releases by local newspapers. Thus, to see the impact, the four local newspapers and the local government's news releases were content-analyzed. Further, through a depth interview, this study tried to understand local journalists' thoughts on using the news releases published by local government. This study hypothesized a negative relationship between the newspaper scale and the degree of the use of news release, between the scale and the dependent rate on the news releases, and proposed a positive relationship between the scale and the writing styles(neutral, negative, neutral, positive). The research results supported the first two hypotheses, and the third partially. Thus, the greater the newspaper scale, the higher the degree of the use of news release by local newspaper. And the greater the scale, the higher the dependent rate on the news releases. In addition, the smaller newspaper in the scale showed more positive and negative writing styles than the larger did. On the other hand, the larger newspaper tend to have more neutral writing style than the smaller did. The interviewee also indicated, in terms of newspaper scale, there was diverse perspectives on the use of news release.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2012

The optimum location of the prehistoric sites of Ulsan Metropolitan City are investigated by both quantile and natural breaks methods through GIS, and the settlement pattern is studied based on the possibility of presence of the prehistoric sites which are also analyzed with these methods. Such factors including elevation, slope, distance from the nearest water, aspect, geological features, soil drainage classes, subsoil and land use recommended are employed in the analysis. The optimum geographical environment is the place where it includes the water-base in the area that is the southern aspect of the gentle slope land of lowland. The geology is the Quaternary alluvium. The drainage class is fine and the deep soil saturn is the fine loamy soil and the recommendation of land use is the area that is the field. As a result of the forecast of distribution, the prehistoric sites showed the higher possibility of presence in the downstream region where the Taehwa river and Dongcheon river join because the region come close to the watercourse and the drinking water use is easy. And the aspect and elevation is the low area. The alluvium accumulated from the upper stream of the Taehwa river and Dongheon river was made roomily, the area where is suitable for the farming life. Therefore, this region is judged that the possibility of presence of the prehistoric sites is high.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79.2-79.2
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• 2012

SN 2011fe (also known as PTF 11kly) is a Type-1a supernova that appeared in M101, 2011 August. Being only 6.4 Mpc away, this supernova has been intensively observed by various facilities in the world. We monitored this supernova in UBVRI, grizY, and ZYJHK-bands using SNUO, LOAO, SOAO, CQUEAN/McDonald, UKIRT telescopes, and small telescopes in Korea and Mongolia. The monitoring observation is still ongoing, and the light curve has been accumulated over a year. We present the results of the long-term monitoring observation, together with a light-curve fitting result. We will also discuss our findings in terms of the usefulness of Type-Ia supernovae as a distance indicator.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 1995

The cilinical study was done in 340 patients with allergic rhinitis who had been dosed with HYUNG GAE YUN GYO TANG GAMI. The results were summarized as follows 1. Distridution by Sex and Age $64\%\;of\;them\;were\;man,\;and\;36\%$ of them were women(It was common to men than to women) Of those who were attacted(very diverse), $25.0\%$ of them were between 10 and 19 years of age(most frequent), $23.8\%$ were between 30 and 39, $18.2\%$ between 20 and 29, $14.1\%$ between birth and 9, $12.6\%$ between 40 and 49, and $6.2\%$ of them were 50 years and over. 2. Duration $47.6\%$ of them suffered from this disease for 1 to 5 years, $13.8\%$ for 10 years or longer, $24.1\%$ for both 5 to 10 years and $7.4\%$ for 6 months to 1 years, and $6.5\%$ shorter than 6 months. 3. Symptom that appeared to them were nasal obstruction($91.5\%$,top), sneezing($90\%$), rhinorrhagir($77.4\%$), headache ($30.9\%$), itch($26.8\%$), nasal discharge through gullet($15.3\%$), and pharyngitis($15.3\%$). 4. Other diseases that occured with it were sinusitis(most often), Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, allergic dermatitis, asthma, otitis media, tonsillitis, hepertropic rhinitis, nasal polyp, and atropic rhinitis(most unusual). 5. Time and Improvement After 6 months 2 cases($20\%$) were improved excellently, 3 cases($30\%$) considerablely, after 6 months to 1 year 5 case($38.5\%$) considerably, after 1 year to 5 year 10 cases($13\%$) excellently, 20 cases ($26\%$) considerably, after 5 year to 10 years 4 cases($8.7\%$) excellently, 13 cases($28.3\%$) considerable, and after 10 years 2 cases($10\%$) improved excellently, 2 cases($10\%$) considerab. 6. Dosage and Improvemont With 10 papers 6 cases($7.8\%$) were improved excellently, 22 cases($27.8\%$) considerably, with 20 papers 4 cases($10.3\%$) were improved excellently, 6 cases($15.4\%$) considerably, with 30 papers 3 cases($15.8\%$) excellently, 2 ($10.5\%$) considerably, with 40 papers 3 cases($23.1\%$) excellently, 5($38.5\%$) considerably, with 50 papers 1 cases($10\%$) excellently, 4($40\%$) considerably, with 60and 70 papers one cases($33.3\%,\;100\%$) for each was improved considerable, with 80 papers 1 cases($100\%$) excellently, and 90 papers 2 cases($66.6\%$) considerable. 7. Improvement with additional outward application With external application 8 cases($16.6\%$) were improved excellently, 9 cases($18.7\%$) considerably without external application 10 cases($8.4\%$) were improved excellently, 34 cases($28.8\%$) considerably. 8. General Improvement 18 cases($10.8\%$) were improved excellently, 43 cases($25.9\%$) improved considerably, and 40 cases($24.0\%$) improved quite a little.thus has improvement shown in 60.8 per cent of case, and proved its efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 2016

In this paper, we deal with the wavefront compensation capability of a silicon carbide (SiC) deformable mirror (DM) with 37 actuators for adaptive optics. The wavefront compensation capability of the SiC DM is predicted by computer simulation and examined by actual experiments with a closed-loop adaptive optics system consistsing of a light source, a phase plate, a SiC DM, a high speed Shack-Hartmann sensor, and a control computer. Distortion of wavefront is caused by the phase plate in the closed-loop adaptive optics system. The distorted wavefront has a peak-to-valley (PV) wavefront error of $0.3{\mu}m{\sim}0.9{\mu}m$ and root-mean-square (RMS) error of $0.06{\mu}m{\sim}0.25{\mu}m$. The high-speed Shack-Hartmann sensor measures the wavefront error of the distortion caused by the phase plate, and the SiC DM compensates for the distorted wavefront. The compensated wavefront has residual errors lower than $0.1{\mu}m$ PV and $0.03{\mu}m$ RMS. Consequently, we conclude that we can compensate for the distorted wavefront using the SiC DM in the closed-loop adaptive optics system with an operating frequency speed of 500 Hz.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2017

Background: Various Panax ginseng cultivars exhibit a range of diversity for morphological and physiological traits. However, there are few studies on diversity of metabolic profiles and genetic background to understand the complex metabolic pathway in ginseng. Methods: To understand the complex metabolic pathway and related genes in ginseng, we tried to conduct integrated analysis of primary metabolite profiles and related gene expression using five ginseng cultivars showing different morphology. We investigated primary metabolite profiles via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and analyzed transcriptomes by Illumina sequencing using adventitious roots grown under the same conditions to elucidate the differences in metabolism underlying such genetic diversity. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed that primary metabolite profiling allowed us to classify the five cultivars into three independent groups and the grouping was also explained by eight major primary metabolites as biomarkers. We selected three cultivars (Chunpoong, Cheongsun, and Sunhyang) to represent each group and analyzed their transcriptomes. We inspected 100 unigenes involved in seven primary metabolite biosynthesis pathways and found that 21 unigenes encoding 15 enzymes were differentially expressed among the three cultivars. Integrated analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes revealed that the ginseng cultivars differ in primary metabolites as well as in the putative genes involved in the complex process of primary metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Our data derived from this integrated analysis provide insights into the underlying complexity of genes and metabolites that co-regulate flux through these pathways in ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.362-372
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• 2020

Background: The non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been reported to have many biological activities. However, the effect of this fraction on anti-diabetic activity has not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of KGC05P0, a non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng, on anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We measured the inhibition of commercially obtained α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in vitro and measured the glucose uptake and transport rate in Caco-2 cells. C57BL/6J mice and C57BLKS/J^db/db (diabetic) mice were fed diets with or without KGC05P0 for eight weeks. To perform the experiments, the groups were divided as follows: normal control (C57BL/6J mice), db/db control (C57BLKS/J^db/db mice), positive control (inulin 400 mg/kg b.w.), low (KGC05P0 100 mg/kg b.w.), medium (KGC05P0 200 mg/kg b.w.), and high (KGC05P0 400 mg/kg b.w.). Results: KGC05P0 inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities in vitro, and decreased glucose uptake and transport rate in Caco-2 cells. In addition, KGC05P0 regulated fasting glucose level, glucose tolerance, insulin, HbA1c, carbonyl contents, and proinflammatory cytokines in blood from diabetic mice and significantly reduced urinary glucose excretion levels. Moreover, we found that KGC05P0 regulated glucose production by down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which inhibited gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Our study thereby demonstrated that KGC05P0 exerted anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of glucose absorption and the PI3K/AKT pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. Our results suggest that KGC05P0 could be developed as a complementary food to help prevent T2DM and its complications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.566-570
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• 2006

Pronuclear microinjection (PMI) is a primary method for producing transgenic mice and offers a powerful tool for investigating gene function in vivo. The method has several reported advantages and disadvantages. Here, we report another potential shortcoming. The survival rate of fertilized one cell-stage embryos was significantly reduced after PMI procedure (65.4% (1202/1838)). In addition, the proportion of embryos developing to full-term was also significantly lower than that of embryos not undergoing PMI (26.5% (319/1202) vs 41.9% (57/136)). Moreover, 3 out of 21 (14.3%) founder control mice which were non-transgene-carrying littermates of transgenic founders showed histopathological changes in their liver, which was comparable to that in of transgenic lineages (4 out of 27 (14.8%)). In conclusion, the mechanical damages in chromosomes occurring during PMI procedure may be a potential factor influencing phenotypes of transgenic mice.