• 환경생물
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2021

Unarmored and thin-walled dinoflagellates were collected from brackish and coastal waters of Korea from August 2019 to August 2021. A total of 10 species belonging to orders Sussiales and Gymnodiniales were isolated and established as clonal cultures. Of them, five species (Biecheleria brevisulcata, Lepidodinium chlorophorum, Karlodinium decipiens, Kirithra asteri, and Wangodinium sinense) are newly recorded in Korea and examined using a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their molecular phylogeny was inferred from LSU rDNA sequences. Here, we present taxonomic information, morphological features, and molecular phylogenetic positions of these unrecorded dinoflagellate species.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.265-268
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• 2006

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1453-1463
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• 2007

본 연구는 유해성 적조생물인 Cochlodinium polykrikoides의 유전적 계통진화를 설명하기 위하여 24 종의 개체에 대한 SSU을 대상으로 분석했다. C. polykrikoides는 와편모조류와 밀접한 단일 계통군을 형성하고 있다. Neighbor-joining 혹은 parsimony 분석에 의하면 C. polykrikoides는 Gymnodiniales 보다 Prorocentrals 목 (order)에 훨씬 근접한 100% 유연관계를 보이고 있으며, 과 (family)로 분석해 보면 Gymnodiniaceae에 속해 있고, 특히 Prorocentrum micans와는 매우 밀접한 관계를 보이고 있다. 형태적으로는 Gyrodinium속 (genus)에 가깝지만, 유전적으로는 Gymnodinium 속에 근접하고 있다. C. polykrikoides는 와편모조류 중에서 독립적인 계통군을 유지하고 있다. 따라서 p. micans는 Gymnodinium의 조상으로 추측되며, C. polykrikoides는 P. micans와 Gymnodinium 속의 중간단계인 것으로 보인다.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2016

Most previous studies on dinoflagellates in Korean coastal areas were conducted without morphological descriptions and illustrations of the observed dinoflagellates. This indicates that the species and diversity of dinoflagellates may have been respectively misidentified and underestimated in the past, probably due to cell shrinkage, distortion and loss caused by sample fixation. This study provides information on the morphological observations of four dinoflagellate orders (Prorocentrales, Dinophysiales, Gonyaulacales and Gymnodiniales) from Jangmok Harbour in Jinhae Bay, Korea. The unfixed samples were collected weekly from December 2013 to February 2015. A total of 13 genera and 30 species were identified using light and scanning electron microscopy, although some samples were not clarified at the species level. Harmful dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Tripos furca, Alexandrium affine, A. fundyense, Akashiwo sanguinea and Cochlodinium polykrikoides, were identified based on the morphological observations. The results also reflect the occurrence and identification of dinoflagellates that had not been previously recorded in Jangmok Harbour.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.385-386
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• 2006

In 2005, harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides was first occurred on July 18 and disappeared on September 12 in the Yeosu waters of the South Sea of Korea. During C. polykrikoides blooms, the species of Protoperidinium was isolated from Jabong Island in Yeosu in the middle of August, 2005. The surface water temperature at the sampling site was $25^{\circ}C$, and salinity was 33.1 psu. The specimen was somewhat large in size and was longer than its width. The shape was close to being ovoid, with an apical horn. This study discovered cells with colorless and transparent ingested chain-forming C. polykrikoides. However, this species was not abundant, implying low grazing impact on C. polykkoides.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

A new genus and species of marine dinoflagellate from the open western equatorial Pacific Ocean, Gynogonadinium aequatoriale gen. et nov. sp., is described from light and scanning electron micrographs. This laterally compressed unarmoured taxon had a triangular cell body in lateral view with two different elongate extensions. The end of the apical extension was spherical with a groove that arises from the epicone in the ventral side of the cell. The antapical extension was longer. The dorsal part of the cingulum showed undulated lists in each margin. The nucleus was ellipsoidal and perpendicularly crossed the cingulum. Dimensions of cells were 90-110 μm long and 43-55 μm wide in lateral view at the level of the cingulum. Gynogonadinium is placed in the order Gymnodiniales, family uncertain.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2018

A research probing for the unrecorded and taxonomically undescribed indigenous species has been initiated since 2006. Samples were collected from an intertidal zone along the coasts of Korea as well as around the Jeju Island. We have found five unrecorded species of four genera belonging to the order Dinophysiales, Gymnodiniales, Peridiniales, and Prorocentrales. The species are as follows, Sinophysis canaliculata (2017) Bispidodinium angelaceum (2015), Cabra armorica (2016), Prorocentrum bimaculatum (2017), and P. tsawwassenense (2017) (note; The numbers in parenthesis refer to the year in which the species was reported as unrecorded indigenous species by National Institute of Biological Resources, NIBR hereafter).

• 환경생물
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2021

Unarmored dinoflagellates, in the family Kareniaceae, include harmful or toxic bloom-forming species, which are associated with massive fish kills and mortalities of marine organisms worldwide. The occurrence and distribution of the toxigenic species in the family Kareniaceae were investigated in the brackish and coastal waters of Korea between July 2018 and October 2020. During the survey, we collected seven newly recorded species; Karenia papilionacea, Karlodinium digitatum, Karl. veneficum, Karl. zhouanum, Takayama acrotrocha, T. helix, and T. tasmanica. A total of fifteen strains of the seven taxa were successfully established as clonal cultures and examined using LM, SEM, and molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA sequences. Herein, we present the taxonomic information, morphological features, and molecular phylogenetic positions of the unrecorded dinoflagellate species collected from Korean coastal waters.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2015

와편모류는 해양의 주요 일차 생산자로서, 독립영양성, 종속영양성 및 혼합영양성 등의 다양한 영양방식을 가지는 생물군으로서 해양 미소먹이망에서 중요한 생태학적 역할을 담당하고 있다. 그러나 와편모류에 대한 대부분의 연구가 연안이나 외해의 표영생태계에 국한되어 수행되었으며, 사질조간대에 서식하는 저서성 와편모류에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡하며, 국내에서는 제주연안을 제외하고는 거의 전무하다. 본 연구는 전라북도 서해안에 위치한 동호의 사질조간대에서 2012년 11월부터 2014년 2월까지 매월 간조기에 저서성 와편모류의 출현양상을 조사하고 주요 출현종의 28S rDNA 염기서열을 획득하여 분자계통학적 분석을 실시하였다. 연구기간동안 Gymnodiniales, Gonyaulacales, Peridiniales, Prorocentrales의 4개 목에 속하는 총 13속 27종의 저서성 와편모류가 출현하였고, Amphidinium 속이 9종으로 가장 다양한 종이 출현하였다. 동호를 비롯하여 서해안에 위치한 모항, 송호, 가마미와 제주 협재에서 분리한 저서성 와편모류 총 16종, 34개 종주에서 28S rDNA 염기서열 정보를 성공적으로 확보하였으며, 분자계통학적 분석에 이용하였다. Amphidinium에 속하는 종들은 Gymodiniales 목의 4개의 분기군 가운데 3개의 분기군에 걸쳐서 분지하여, 다계통학적(polyphyletic) 특성을 나타내었다. 28S rDNA염기서열을 이용한 유전적 거리를 비교한 결과 국내에서 출현한 Amphidinium mootonorum 종주들은 캐나다에서 분리한 종주와 19.2%의 유전적 차이를 보여 종내 변이가 출현 종들 가운데 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 해역에서 독성 와편모류인 Amphidinium carterae와 A. operculatum이 간헐적으로 출현하여 이들의 독성과 정량적인 모니터링이 추후에 필요하다.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.273-286
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• 2007

Records of selected gymnodinioid dinoflagellates from the open waters in the vicinity of the Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents, the Philippine, Celebes, Sulu and South China Seas, western and central equatorial and southeast Pacific Ocean are described and illustrated. The species Gymnodinium fusus Schütt, Gyrodinium falcatum Kofoid et Swezy, G. caudatum Kofoid et Swezy, G. sugashimanii J. Cachon et al. and Pseliodinium vaubanii Sournia are considered to be morphotypes of a single species, that until further studies can establish the correct genus, are named G. falcatum. This study is the first to record individuals of G. falcatum with very long curly extensions. Other gymnodinioid dinoflagellates that showed bifurcated hyposomes may be related to Gyrodinium bifurcatum Kofoid et Swezy or cells of thecate dinoflagellates exuviated from their thecae. Some specimens showed a rigid cover, although no discernible thecal plates. In this group, the most common species was Ptychodiscus noctiluca Stein and, for the first time, a micrograph of a tentative specimen of the genus Berghiella Kofoid et Michener is reported. The validity of the genera Berghiella and Balechina Loeblich Jr. et Loeblich III with thick cell covers is discussed. Several species with apical extensions, other unknown taxa with distinctive shapes, and colonial forms are illustrated. The diversity of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates is underinvestigated in the open ocean.