• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

Purpose: This paper studied the effect of eyes on the comparison between the distance optical centers problem of dispensing reading glasses made by optician and finished reading glasses in the current market. Methods: The method of this study has been measured by eleven different categories from +1.00D to +4.00D. This study also separated into three groups by their optical frame size and measured optical center point (O.C) and optical center height (O.H) with 200 peoples of man and females over 40 years old without ocular disease living in Gwang-san gu, Gwang-Ju city. Results: As a result, optical center point ranged from 57 mm to 80 mm and it turned to be most common range is from 61 mm to 65 mm (64.6%). Moreover, the optical center height ranged from 1 mm to 8mm and most common ranged (23%) were 4 mm. In other words, finished reading glasses have irregular optical ranges. After observing 200 people who are over 40 years old men and women, result shows that more than 75.5% (151 people) currently use finished reading glasses. Survey of 151 people, most common error between the finished reading glasses's O.C and the wearers P.D were 4 mm (45%). Furthermore, the most common error between the finished reading glassses's O.H and the wearers O.H ranged from 3 mm to 4 mm. Astonishingly, the entire 151 people who wear finished reading glasses appeal that they feel tiredness on their eyes when they wear finished reading glasses. 53 people (35%) claimed that they feel tiredness on their eyes after 10 to 20 minutes wearing finished reading glasses. Base on the research, We conducted more experiment to find the value of prism of optical centers err because it will tell us whether the finished reading glasses are good enough to wear or not. We multiplied diopter by the difference between finished reading glasses's O.C. and wearer's P.D. Consequently, We found out that the finished reading glasses counter to the German RAL-RG 915 policy. And We also found that it is relative to the diopter of lenses. In conclusion, based on the researched that wearing finished reading glasses have a dangerous factor for our vision. Therefore optician must need to recommend correctly made dispensing reading glasses based on the optical center point.

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.286-294
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• 2018

Background/Aims: The predictive factors of functional dyspepsia (FD) remain controversial. Therefore, we sought to investigate symptom responses in FD patients after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and used predictive factor analysis to identify significant factors of FD resolution at one-year after commencing eradication therapy. Methods: This prospective, multi-center clinical trial was performed on 65 FD patients that met Rome III criteria and had H. pylori infection. Symptom responses and factors that predicted poor response were determined by analysis one year after commencing H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: A total of 63 patients completed the one-year follow-up. When an eradication success group (n=60) and an eradication failure group (n=3) were compared with respect to FD response rate at one year, results were as follows; complete response 73.3% and 0.0%, satisfactory response 1.7% and 0.0%, partial response 10.0% and 33.3%, and refractory response 15.0% and 66.7%, respectively (p=0.013). Univariate analysis showed persistent H. pylori infection (p=0.021), female gender (p=0.025), and medication for FD during the study period (p=0.013) were associated with poor FD response at one year. However, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and underlying disease were not found to affect response. Finally, multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR, 4.70; 95% CI, 1.17-18.88) was the sole independent risk factor of poor FD response at one year after commencing H. pylori eradication therapy. Conclusions: Female gender was found to predict poor response in FD patients despite H. pylori eradication. Furthermore, successful H. pylori eradication appears to be associated with FD improvement, but the number of non-eradicated patients was too small to conclude.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.133-164
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• 2018

This purpose of this paper is to focus on anti-Japanese literature and pro-Japanese literature skills among Korean literary history written in Japan, and to observe the differences between Korean and Japanese perception surrounding anti-Japanese and pro-Japanese literature. Analyzed texts are "Taste Korean Literature" by Saegusa Dosikatsu and "The Footsteps of Modern Literature of Chosun" by Shirakawa Yutaka, the earnest modern Korean literary historians written from the perspective of Japanese writers, and though there's no overall written history of literature, they were seen through with the perspective of Omura Masuo, at the forefront of Japanese researchers in modern and contemporary Korean literature. The main results of the review are as follow: First, In Korean literary history by Japan, the frame "pro-Japanese literature" is clearly embedded. It is clearly distinctive from the aspect of China or North Korea, and though it follows the narration system of South Korean literature, it also forms the breaking (turning) point of anti-Japanese and pro-Japanese literature relative to anti-Japanese and pro-Japanese literature. Second, even if it follows the narration system of South Korean literature, that question was constantly raised on existing Korean academic evaluation of anti-Japanese and pro-Japanese literature, and different interpretations of reading were practiced. For example, Korean academic circles highly regard literature of writers such as Kim, Jong han or Lee, Seok hoon, while Korean academics do not place much importance on Lee, Gwang Soo's pro-Japanese elements that are important. The third point is that generous marks are credited to writers with outstanding Japanese or to Japanese creative writing. As a result, they dissolve internal logic in different pro-Japanese collaborators such as Chang, Hyuk Ju, Kim, Sa Ryang, Lee, Seok hoon, or Kim, Yong Jae by melting the same "Japanese literature" in a cage. The last point is reading different inner thoughts of Kim, Jong-han or Lee, Seok-hoon unlike outspoken pro-Japanese collaborators such as Lee, Gwang soo, Jang, Hyuk Joo or Kim, Yong je. These points require more in-depth analysis, and will be continued in follow-up tasks.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

This study was designed to test the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation management on functional recovery after attack of cerebrovascular disease. 16 cerebrovascular disease patients applied comprehensive rehabilitation management of physical therapy at department of physical Therapy, C medical center in Gwang－ju. The collection of the data had been executed for 4months(April 15, 2007${\sim}$July 15, 2007). For evaluating, Functional Independence measure(FIM) and Somatosensory Evoked Potential(SSEP) were used to assess functional recovery. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the comparison of latency of median nerve SSEP before and after treatment, the lat. N20 and P25 increased, the ampl. P25/N20 was decreased. In the comparison difference data of median nerve SSEP, however there was no significant difference in the group(p>0.05). 2. In the comparison of latency of Post Tibial nerve SSEP before and after treatment, the lat. P40, P50, P60 increased, the ampl. P40 was decreased. In the comparison difference data of post tibial nerve SSEP, however there was no significant difference in the group(p>0.05). 3. In the comparison of FIM scores of Self－care, Sphincter Control, Mobility: Transfer, Locomotion before and after treatment, the scores of FIM was significantly increased. In the comparison of difference of the motor part of FIM, however there was significant difference(p<0.05). 4. In the comparison of FIM scores of Communication, Social Cognition before and after treatment, the scores of FIM was significantly increased. In the comparison of difference of the motor part of FIM, however there was no significant difference in the group(p>0.05). Based on these results, it is concluded that the comprehensive rehabilitation management for cerebrovascular disease case was not significant difference in the SSEP, was significant difference in the motor part of FIM. Further study should be done to analyze the effect of intervention duration of treatment, optimal time to apply the treatment in more long period.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1262-1274
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• 2011

Urban railway started its operation in August 15, 1978 in Korea. Nowadays, it is being operated in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Deagu, GwangJu, and Daejeon, and it is playing a major role in mass transportation. Urban railways can provide rapid and convenient transportation to citizens in eco-friendly and energy saving way. However, urban railway operating organizations have been in financially difficult conditions due to the enormous debts borrowed for the construction of railways. Urban railway operating organizations are under pressure to improve its difficult financial conditions through the efficient management of the organization. The management and operation efficiency of urban railway organizations have been evaluated since 1993 by Ministry of Public Administration and Safety to make those organizations more competitive, responsible and efficient. However there are some limitations in evaluation since they do not reflect the relative size of organizations, relative newness of facilities, etc so that it's not objective and loses fairness. This study proposes an improved method for the evaluation of safety.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of dental hygienist's behavior for infection control during dental practice and radiologic examination and to evaluate the dental hygienist's awareness of the importance of infection control in dental office. Methods : A survey on 218 dental hygienists was carried out. The respondents to complete a questionnaire were the dental hygienists who were in dental office on Gwang-ju area or attended complementary training conducted by the Seoul Branch of Korean Dental Hygienists Association in April 2010. The data were collected and analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS program. Results : The ratios of educational experience for infection control in dental practice and radiologic examination room accounted for 87.6% and 30.3% respectively. Behavior degree of mask-wearing in the dental practice and radiologic examination room were $4.60{\pm}0.70$ and $3.77{\pm}1.09$ respectively. Behavior degree of glove-wearing in the dental practice and radiologic examination room were $4.40{\pm}0.91$ and $3.68{\pm}1.17$ respectively. In case of the relation between educational experience and behavior degree in mask-wearing or glove-wearing, there was no significant difference in the performance of mask or glove wearing during dental practice, and mask-wearing during radiologic examination. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the performance of glove-wearing during radiologic examination, which revealed that behavior degree between the respondents having educational experience and the others no having it were $3.92{\pm}1.19$ and $3.58{\pm}1.14$ respectively. The surface disinfection control for radiation and protective equipments used in radiologic examination room was done by occasional needs without premeditated schedules. Conclusions : The result of this study shows lower behavior degree during radiologic examination compared with one during dental practice. We suggest that there are needs to raise the awareness of infection control and to improve infection control behavior, and through this study, the importance of education was verified.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.812-826
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• 2012

The selection rate of tree burials (TB) is still low in spite of increasing concerns about TB and government's efforts to increase TB participation. It is necessary to understand the factors affecting TB selection. This study investigated the relationship between major variables (attitude: ATT; subjective norm: SN; perceived behavioral control: PBC) of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB), additional variable (custom: CUST), and intention to select TB by using structural equation modelling (SEM). Samples were selected from Gwang-ju citizens using proportionate stratified sampling (PST) by region during September of 2011. Four hundred and twelve responses were used for data analysis. The model showed fair goodness of fit. All four variables (ATT, SN, PBC, CUST) influenced intention to select TB. The four variables explained 53.0% of intention to select TB. SN(${\beta}$=0.459) was the most predictive variable on the intention, followed by ATT(${\beta}$=0.247), PBC(${\beta}$=0.152), and CUST(${\beta}$=0.102) in decreasing order. The results were discussed and some suggestions to increase the intention of tree burial selection were made.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.39-53
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• 2020

With the recent increase in the demand for corporate trust based on transparency in accounting, such as management disclosures and autonomous management disclosures for Social Innovative Enterprises, the duties of Social Innovative Enterprises on accounting and tax affairs have become important. This study looked at the effects of NCS accounting, audit and tax functions on the sustainability of Social Innovative Enterprises, which have not been studied. In particular, issues such as management disclosures and adequacy of financial statements depend on how ethically the accounting officer performs the work. Accordingly, we looked at the intermediation of accounting ethics held by the person in charge of accounting in relation to the sustainability of the NCS accounting, audit and taxation functions. The research subjects surveyed 500 people in charge of accounting at 50 social innovation companies, including social enterprises established in special cities and metropolitan cities such as Seoul and Busan, as well as social cooperatives. A path analysis was conducted with 372 valid questionnaires. As a result of the analysis, NCS accounting, audit and tax functions have a significant impact on both economic value and social value and environmental value, which are the sustainability elements of Social Innovative Enterprises. It was also found that NCS accounting, audit and tax affairs had a significant impact on accounting ethics, and accounting ethics had a significant impact on social and environmental values, excluding economic values. In addition, accounting ethics were found to have a mediated effect between NCS accounting, audit and taxation functions and the sustainability elements of Social Innovative Enterprises. In particular, the relationship between NCS accounting, audit and tax affairs and social value was found to be completely mediated.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.33
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• pp.229-260
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to categorize the past Chiefs of Presidenteal Security Service so far based on their level of expertise and authority so that we can identify some specific reasons as to why some of them are recognized as successful while others are not, and that the categorization will be a guideline to future successful administration. In order to do so, a quantitative research has been implemented through meetings of a group security science expert who has been in security business for substantial amount of time. The result is as following: Authoritative/professional: 2nd Chief of P.S.S. Park, Jong-Gyu, 5th Chief of P.S.S. Jang, Se-Dong, 7th Chief of P.S.S. Lee, Hyeon-Wu, 8th Chief of P.S.S. Choi, Seok-Rip. Authoritative/Non-professional: 1st Chief of P.S.S. Hong, Jong-cheol, 3rd Chief of P.S.S. Cha, Ji-cheol, 6th Chief of P.S.S. Ahn, Hyeon-Tae, 14th Chief of P.S.S. Kim, In-Jong. Non-authoritative/professional: 4th Chief of P.S.S. Jeong, Dong-Ho, 9th Chief of P.S.S. Park, Sang-Beom, 13th Chief of P.S.S. Yom. Sang-Guk. Non-authoritative/Non-professional: 10th Chief of P.S.S. Kim, Gwang-Seok, 11th Chief of P.S.S. Ahn, Ju-Seop, 12th Chief of P.S.S. Kim, Se-Ok. This categorization research on the Chief of P.S.S. suggests that any president, to be a successful one, must choose the Chief of P.S.S. based on his/her expertise in order to secure national security.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2017

Membrane filtration has become more popular in drinking water treatment recently, since the filtration can control not only particulate matters but also pathogenic microorganisms such as giardia and cryptosporidium very effectively. Pilot-scale ($120m^3/d$ of treatment capacity) and test-bed ($25,000m^3/d$ of treatment capacity) microfiltration experiments were conducted to find optimum operating mode and the critical flux. Optimum operating mode of pilot-test was assessed as inflow 1.0 min, filtration 36.5 min, air backwash 0.9 min, backwash 1.0 min and outflow 1.0 min with 50 LMH ($L/min{\cdot}m3^$) of critical flux. Critical Flux was calculated to be $50L/m^2-h$ (within TMP 0.5 bar) based on the increase formula of the transmembrane pressure difference according to the change of time at Flux 20, 40, 56 and 62 LMH in pilot operation. Chemical cleaning was first acid washed twice, and alkali washing was performed secondarily, and a recovery rate of 95% was obtained in the test-bed plant. The results of operating under these appropriate conditions are as follows. Turbidity of treated water were 0.028, 0.024, 0.026 and 0.028 NTU in spring, summer, autumn and winter time, respectively. Microfiltration has superior treatment capability and performance characteristics in removing suspended solids and colloidal materials, which are the main cause of turbidity and important carrier of metal elements, and it has shown great potential in being an economically substitute to traditional processes (sand filtration).