• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2012

SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) has been widely used in the world as a typical model for flood runoff analysis of urban areas. However, the calibration of the model is difficult, which is an obstacle to easy application. The purpose of the study is to develop an automatic calibration module of the SWMM linked with SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona) algorithm. Generally, various objective functions may produce different optimization results for an optimization problem. Thus, five single objective functions were applied and the most appropriate one was selected. In addition to the objective function, another objective function was used to reduce peak flow error in flood simulation. They form a multiple objective function, and the optimization problem was solved by determination of Pareto optima. The automatic calibration module was applied to the flood simulation on the catchment of the Guro 1 detention reservoir and pump station. The automatic calibration results by the multiple objective function were more excellent than the results by the single objective function for model assessment criteria including error of peak flow and ratio of volume between observed and calculated flow. Also, the verification results of the model calibrated by the multiple objective function were reliable. The program could be used in various flood runoff analysis in urban areas.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.711-729
• /
• 2015

The purposes of this study are to derive the regions in Seoul that lack gifted education units by analyzing the spatial distribution of the units and to investigate the factors related to the unit locations. The gifted education units are divided into the three following types: the first type is a gifted class at a school, the second type is a gifted education center at a provincial office of education, and the third type is a gifted education center at a university. The results of using a GIS-based spatial analysis were as follows. First, a buffering analysis showed that even though there were gifted educational blind spots in Jongno-gu and in parts of the outskirts of Seoul, the spatial distribution of gifted education units in Seoul seemed homogeneous because they were too small. Second, a special quotient analysis showed that there was a hub unit of gifted education in Guro-gu. Third, an analysis of local Moran's Index showed that Jung-gu was a cold spot and Songa-gu was a hot spot. Fourth, a correlation analysis investigated that the number of gifted education units had generally no statistically significant relationship with economic factors. These results will help to improve the efficiency and equity of the management of the gifted education units in Seoul that will be established or expanded in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.6344-6353
• /
• 2014

According to the changes in society, the knowledge industrial center, which is a factory related to the manufacturing industry, is now including various programs, such as information and communication knowledge. This study defined the knowledge industrial center related law into three periods: deduct layout planning type and outside space composition elements by previous research; case analysis; and suggestions of the direction of layout planning and outside space plan. As a result of the analysis, first, before 1999, the layout of the building is made mainly with a car, but depending on the form of the site, it is configured as a centered, side layout. Second, in the case of distribution, the support facility on the lower part is integrated and the factory on the higher part is distributed, so it is partly integrated and the building is unified. Third, beginning with the activation of privately owned public space in a semi-industrial district according to architecture regulations in 1999, the outside space is wider but the construction area is reduced, so the outside space composition has been changing in a similar manner to the planning methods of business facilities, such as office buildings.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2006

I made inquires about mammographic equipments and circumstances of mammography rooms in the 64 medical facilities in areas of Seoul and Kyong Gi Do. Moreover I had experments about exposure dose with patients and radiologic technologists. so there is the data indicated follows. 1. There are inclined to improve in quality and function of mammographic equipments, it has been proven that s/f system exchanged to DR system. 2. It is certain that the number of examinations are becoming increasingly significant. 3. The Space Scattered Dose of mammography rooms are much more larger than portable equipments. 4. I worry about the affection of expose dose about Space Scattered Dose of mammography room. 5. There is need of study how to cope with the situation about increasing exposure dose of radiologic technologists in small space and numeruous number of examinations.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2013

Currently, there are many studies being conducted around the world to reduce exposure dose to radiation for patients to receive medical treatments in a safe environment. We developed and fabricated of this shield that the patients are protected from the radiation and are need of safety control during breast imaging. In this study, for breast imaging, GE Senography 2000D were used and set at SID 65cm, 28kVp, and 63mAs. The measuring instrument was Fluke's Victoreen 6000-529. And we performed Face Block on with 30 patients. The chamber on the actual thyroid glands to take CC and MLO and measure the dosage before and after wearing the Face Block. For the results, after wearing the Face Block, exposure was decreased by 53.8%-100% and 65.8% in average in CC View and by 50%-100% and 60.7% in average in MLO View. The development of the Face Block that practically decreased the exposure dose of thyroid glands, crystalline eyes during breast imaging and reduced the patients' anxiety during breast imaging. The Face Block is expected to improve patients' satisfaction and contribute to reducing patients' exposure dose, but more efforts should be made to reduce exposure dose to medical radiation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.1213-1226
• /
• 2012

Evolutionary algorithms, which are frequently used in an automatic calibration of watershed runoff simulation models, are unconstrained optimization algorithms. An additional method is required to impose constraints on those algorithms. The purpose of the study is to modify the SCE-UA (shuffled complex evolution-University of Arizona) to impose constraints by a penalty function and to improve performance of the automatic calibration module of the SWMM (storm water management model) linked with the SCE-UA. As indicators related to peak flow are important in watershed runoff event simulation, error of peak flow and error of peak flow occurrence time are selected to set up constraints. The automatic calibration module including the constraints was applied to the Milyang Dam Basin and the Guro 1 Pumping Station Basin. The automatic calibration results were compared with the results calibrated by an automatic calibration without the constraints. Error of peak flow and error of peak flow occurrence time were greatly improved and the original objective function value is not highly violated in the automatic calibration including the constraints. The automatic calibration model with constraints was also verified, and the results was excellent. In conclusion, the performance of the automatic calibration module for watershed runoff event simulation was improved by application of the penalty function to impose constraints.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.19-33
• /
• 2018

This study proposed a rainfall-runoff model for the purpose of real-time flood warning in urban basins. The proposed model was based on the shot noise process, which is expressed as a sum of shot noises determined independently with the peak value, decay parameter and time delay of each sub-basin. The proposed model was different from other rainfall-runoff models from the point that the runoff from each sub-basin reaches the basin outlet independently. The model parameters can be easily determined by the empirical formulas for the concentration time and storage coefficient of a basin and those of the pipe flow. The proposed model was applied to the total of three rainfall events observed at the Jungdong, Guro 1 and Daerim 2 pumping stations to evaluate its applicability. Summarizing the results is as follows. (1) The unit response function of the proposed model, different from other rainfall-runoff models, has the same shape regardless of the rainfall duration. (2) The proposed model shows a convergent shape as the calculation time interval becomes smaller. As the proposed model was proposed to be applied to urban basins, one-minute of calculation time interval would be most appropriate. (3) Application of the one-minute unit response function to the observed rainfall events showed that the simulated runoff hydrographs were very similar to those observed. This result indicates that the proposed model has a good application potential for the rainfall-runoff analysis in urban basins.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2013

In recent, the rainfall is showing different properties in space and time but the ground rain gauge only can observe rainfall at a point. This means the ground rain gauge has the limitations in spatial and temporal resolutions to measure rainfall and so there is a need to utilize radar rainfall which can consider spatial distribution of rainfall This study tried to apply radar rainfall for runoff simulation on an urban drainage system. The study area is Guro-gu, Seoul and we divided study area into subbasins based on rain gauge network of AWS(Automatic Weather station). Then the radar rainfalls were adjusted using rainfall data of rain gauge stations the areal rainfalls were obtained. The runoffs were simulated by using XP-SWMM model in subbasins of an urban drainage system. As the results, the adjusted radar rainfalls were underestimated in the range of 60 to 95% of rain gauge rainfalls and so the simulated runoffs from the adjusted radar and gauge rainfalls also showed the differences. The runoff peak time from radar rainfall was occurred more fast than that from gauge rainfall.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2010

Purpose : Hydronephrosis is found about 30% of children with urinary tract infection (UTI). It can be caused by various conditions, although most childhood hydronephrosis is congenital. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between febrile UTI and hydronephrosis. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 183 patients diagnosed as UTI between January 2007 and May 2009 at Korea University Guro Hospital. Inclusion criteria were as followings; 1) fever more than $37.5^{\circ}C$ measured in the axilla, 2) positive urine culture, 3) no history of urinary tract anomaly on antenatal sonography and urinary tract infection. We classified the enrolled children into two groups of patients with hydronephrosis (HN) and those without hydronephrosis (NHN). Results : The 80 patients were HN and 103 patients NHN. Hydronephrosis was found in 58 patients with left kidney, 8 right and 14 both kidneys. Most of hydronephrosis were of low grade. Compared with NHN group, initial renal cortical defects on DMSA scan significantly increased in HN group (HN 37.5%, NHN 16.5%, P<0.05). The incidence of VUR was not different between the two groups (HN 22%, NHN 12.1%). White blood cell counts and C-reactive protein were not different between the two groups. Follow-up DMSA scan (about 6 months later after UTI) showed no difference of renal scarring in both two groups. Conclusion : Our data suggests that hydronephrosis in febrile UTI patients is clinically useful for detecting renal cortical defects, but is not associated with follow-up renal scar.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The Hospice Oriented Medical Record (HOMR) was developed for assessing the pain and symptoms of terminal cancer patients. Methods and Results: The HOMR consists of an instruction for users and 2 assessment pages which include the graph showing vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate and pain score), current problem lists, performance status, laboratory data, pain characteristics and management, sedation score, associated symptoms and drug side effects, etc. Pilot study was performed in the inpatient Hospice Care Unit in Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center. Because an one-week progress data was recorded in HOMR as a flow sheet, the patient's condition and pain control status could be seen at a glance. Conclusion: The HOMR is useful for assessing the terminal cancer patients because it is simple and convenient to use. Further research is needed before it can be universally used in the clinical settings.