• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2010

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLNB) is the first confronted lymph node from primary lesion of tumor through lymphatic drainage, which is important for determining early metastasis and setting guidelines for treatment. We reported significant of sentinel lymph node biopsy in malignant melanoma (MM) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lower extremities. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five cases of surgically treatment and being possible for follow up more than 1 year among the patients who were diagnosed as MM and SCC in this institution from Sep. 2005 to Jan. 2009, and 10 cases of them were performed SLNB. Average age was 64 years old, and 15 cases of male and 10 cases of female were in this group. Results: 3 years overall survival rate was 100% and 3 years disease-free survival rate was 76%. Metastasis occurred in total 6 patients, 4 cases of inguinal lymph nodes, 1 case of soft tissue around knee, 1 case of left achilles tendon. In 15 cases of not performing SLNB, overall survival rate was 93.3% and disease-free survival rate was 73.3%. In 10 cases of performing SLNB, overall survival rate was 100% and disease-free survival rate was 90%. And only 1 case showed positive finding in the biopsy, and none of the 10 cases showed metastasis in follow-up. Conclusion: SLNB leads simpler and less complications compared to prior elective lymph node dissection, and shows high degree of accuracy. Throughout the SLNB, setting guidelines for treatment by accurate staging is thought to be helpful for increasing the survival rate in the patient with MM and SCC.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.714-717
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• 2003

Although the incidence of tuberculosis has been reduced recently because of the advance of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, improvements of public health, and early diagnosis, it is still high in developing countries. Intestinal tuberculosis can occur at any age, but young adults and female are more affected. Early diagnosis of childhood intestinal tuberculosis is difficult, largely because of vague symptoms and nonspecific signs. Recently, tuberculosis of the larynx combined with pulmonary tuberculosis has become quite a rare disease since anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and preventive activities are prevalent. Laryngeal tuberculosis, while relatively well recognized in the adult population, is a rare disease in chidren and adolescents. There are few reports of intestinal tuberculosis combined with endobronchial and laryngeal tuberculosis in children. We have experienced a case of intestinal tuberculosis which concurred with endobronchial and laryngeal tuberculosis in an 18-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, a brassy cough, and anemia, which was diagnosed by a colonoscopy and bronchoscopy with biopsy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.6
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• pp.336-341
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• 2012

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of lymphoma that arises in the body cavity without detectable masses. It is associated with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, PEL unrelated to viral infection has been reported and it has been termed HHV-8 unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma (HHV-8 unrelated PEL-like lymphoma). Here, we report a case of HHV-8 unrelated PEL-like lymphoma in an 80-year-old woman. Chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural effusion analysis and mediastinoscopic biopsy showed atypical cells that had originated from the B cells. The cells were positive for CD20 and bcl-2, but negative for CD3, CD5, CD21, CD30, CD138, epithelial membrane antigen, and HHV-8. Serological tests for HIV and EBV were negative. Considering the patient's age, further treatments were not performed. She has shown good prognosis without chemotherapy for more than 18 months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2009

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the soil fungus, Coccidioides immitis, which is endemic to the south-western United States. However, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has recently increased due to the increase in overseas travel to endemic areas. We report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis diagnosed in an immunocompetent person. A 28-year-old female, who had lived in Phoenix, Arizona, USA for 2 years, was admitted for an evaluation of persistent cough with fever lasting for 2 weeks. The chest X-ray and Chest CT revealed multifocal patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacity in both lungs as well as multiple enlarged right hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes. A percutaneous needLe biopsy of the main mass-like consolidation confirmed mature spherules of Coccidioides immitis in lung tissue. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis should be considered in patients presenting with persistent cough with fever and a history of travel to or immigration from an endemic area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2005

A 5-year-old, female Poodle and her daughter, 2-year-old, were referred to Konkuk University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (KVTH) due to discoloration of hair on dorsum, and generalized alopecia following clipping. Some papules and pustules are found on patch area. Complete blood counts and serum chemistry profiles were not remarkable. Trichogram revealed that melanin-granule was pigmented on hair bulb and shaft in affected area and no melanin pigmentation was noted in non-patch area. And skin biopsy showed mild epidermal hyperplasia and mild inflammation in dermis of the patch area. This case report indicates that melanotrichia can be occurred by postclipping inflammation. However, the mechanism of melanocyte proliferation and rates of melanogenesis in response to postclipping remains to be unclear in these cases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.445-449
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• 2015

Occupational lung diseases are caused by several toxic substances including heavy metals; however, the exact pathologic mechanisms remain unknown. In the workplace, dental technicians are often exposed to heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel, or beryllium and occasionally develop occupational lung diseases. We described a case of occupational lung disease in a patient who was employed as a dental technician for over a decade. A 31-year-old, non-smoking woman presented with productive cough and shortness of breath of several weeks duration. Chest computed tomography revealed a large number of scattered, bilateral small pulmonary nodules throughout the lung field, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Percutaneous needle biopsy showed multifocal small granulomas with foreign body type giant cells suggestive of heavy metals inhalation. The patient's condition improved on simple avoidance strategy for several months. This case highlighted the importance of proper workplace safety.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that primarily causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. It can also cause various infections in immunocompetent patients. Pulmonary cryptococcosis involving the lymph node is relatively rare in immunocompetent patients. In this report, a previously healthy 17-year-old girl presented with high-grade fever and persistent cough. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an anterior mediastinal conglomerate mass that expanded to the right supraclavicular area. Ultrasound-guided gun biopsy revealed histological evidence of cryptococcosis. Immunological screening tests did not identify immunodeficiency. She recovered completely with a combination therapy of amphotericin B and flucytosine for 2 weeks, followed by fluconazole for 8 months. The characteristics of cryptococcosis involving the mediastinal lymph node and the lung should be understood, and the possibility of cryptococcosis even in immunocompetent hosts should be considered.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2023

Pancreatic carcinosarcoma is a very rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Because of these characteristics, a treatment strategy for it has not been established yet. The aim of this study was to establish a therapeutic strategy for pancreatic carcinosarcoma. We reviewed data of a 65-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with pancreatic carcinosarcoma through endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy before surgery. For literature review, we searched PubMed using terms of "Pancreatic" or "Pancreas" and "carcinosarcoma" or "carcinosarcomatous". The patient received 11 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment with leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin and pembrolizumab because the tumor was borderline resectable. She underwent stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) with 35 Gy in 5 fractions, followed by robotic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. After surgery, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy in the same regimen as before surgery. She is alive without any recurrence. Among 48 patients within 33 available papers, the median survival time was 15 months. The survival rate of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy tended to be higher than that of those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, although the difference was not statistically significant (median survival, 47 vs. 15 months; p = 0.485). Three patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a survival period of 13-23.5 months. Surgery with lymphadenectomy, adjuvant therapy, and neoadjuvant therapy are thought to help improve survival outcomes. Modern treatment approaches for conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma could be applied to pancreatic carcinosarcoma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.441-453
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• 2023

Purpose To evaluate the development, location, and volume of a VX2 carcinoma using four inoculation methods in a rabbit brain. Materials and Methods Inoculation of a VX2 cell suspension was performed 1) on the appointed day, 2) seven days after storing a VX2 carcinoma in a freezer or 3) seven days after storing a VX2 carcinoma in a deep freezer after sacrificing the donor rabbits. 4) Without sacrificing the rabbits, the VX2 cell suspension was obtained using a gun biopsy, inoculation was performed on the appointed day. MR imaging was performed 10 days after inoculation. Brain tissues were obtained the day after. The development, location, and volume of the tumor were evaluated. Results Seventeen of the 18 rabbits inoculated on the appointed day developed tumors (average tumor volume, 106.32 mm³). One of five inoculated seven days after storing the VX2 tumor in the freezer, and three of five inoculated seven days after storing the VX2 tumor in the deep freezer developed tumors. Inoculation with a VX2 cell suspension obtained with a gun biopsy from five rabbits revealed development of tumors in only two rabbits. The tumors mostly developed in the superficial cortex. Conclusion TVX2 rabbit brain tumor model is easy to develop and revealed variable reproducibility. This model can be applicable in radiologic imaging, treatment planning, interventional treatment and drug delivery research. VX2 cell can be successfully innoculated into the brain using variable methods under researcher's variable conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1998

Purpose: Piccolo et al. advocated the usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP breast scan in differential diagnosis of breast mass with high accuracy. But there are little or no follow-up studies about it as we know. We studied $^{99m}Tc$-MDP uptake pattern and lesion/background ratio in patients complaining palpable breast lesions to evaluate the clinical usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP scan. Materials and Methods: Total 34 patients were studied with physical examination, mammo-gram and $^{99m}Tc$-MDP scan prospectively. Anteroposterior and both lateral view of breast were obtained 5 minutes after iv injection of 740 MBq $^{99m}Tc$-MDP. Breast uptake pattern of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP was analyzed by a grade system: 0=no uptake, grade 1=bilateral diffuse uptake, grade 2=asymmetric faint uptake, grade 3=focal hot uptake. 20 cases were pathologically confirmed by excision biopsy or aspiration biopsy. 14 cases were normal in physical examination and mammogram. Results: Pathologic results showed 7 carcinomas, 6 benign solid tumors, and 7 fibrocystic changes. Grade 3 pattern of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP uptake was noted in 4/7 carcinomas, 3/6 benign solid tumors, and 1/7 fibrocystic changes. Grade 2 pattern was 217, 0/7, 3/7 respectively. The average L/B ratio was 1.66 in carcinomas, 1.68 in benign solid masses, 1.20 in fibrocystic diseases, 1.05 in normal patients. L/B ratio was higher in carcinoma and benign mass groups than in fibrocystic change and normal control groups(p=0.005). But there was no statistical difference between L/B ratio of malignant mass group and benign mass group. Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$-MDP scan is not suitable to routine clinical use for breast mass diagnosis. It might be used in limited conditions when whole body bone scan is planned.