• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.51-52
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• 2006

A 39-year-old female patient who had undergone a total thyroidectomy for a papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent a whole body scan with I-131. The I-131 scan was performed 72 hours after administering 185 MBq (5 mCi) of an I-131 solution. The anterior image of the head, neck, and upper chest showed multiple areas of increased uptake in the mediastinal area considering of functional metastasis. However, radioactivity was not evident in the image taken after removing her clothes and muffler. The image obtained after placing the muffler on the pallet showed that the radioactivity was still present. It is well known that artifacts on an I-131 scan can be produced by styling hair sputum, drooling during sleep, chewing gum, and paper or a cloth handkerchief that is contaminated with the radioactive iodine from either perspiration or saliva. This activity might be mistaken for a functional metastasis. Therefore, it is essential that an image be obtained after removing the patient's clothes. In this study, artifacts due to a contaminated muffler on the I-131 scan were found. These mimicked a functional metastasis of the mediastinal area in a patient with a papillary thyroid carcinoma.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate various kinds of discipline problems in middle school classrooms, and the differences in severity and frequency of the classroom discipline problems between male and female students' classrooms in middle schools. This study shows that the discipline problems in the middle school classrooms include using a cellular phone, chattering, sleeping, chewing gum, reading comic books, asking useless questions, challenging a teacher, fighting, calling names, skipping class, throwing trash in the classroom, breaking classroom equipment, creating disorder, losing materials, playing with a ball in the classroom, gambling, and so on. Generally, male students recognized the severity of the classroom discipline problems more than the female students. However, it is shown that the frequency of discipline problems in male students' classrooms is higher than that in female students' classrooms. From the results of this study, male students have more active discipline problems (playing with a ball in the classroom, throwing trash in the classroom, coming to class late, gambling, cutting in line, and so on). On the other hand, female students have more passive discipline problems (making a noise by using a cellular phone, asking useless questions, sending messages to a classmate, studying other subjects, scattering, and so on).

• 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2000

The present study attempted to determine the effect of olfactory stimulation on word retrieval deficit in Korean aphasics. Eleven nonfluent and 9 fluent aphasic patients served as subjects. The 20 subjects' age ranged from 14 to 65 with the mean of 43.0 (SD: 17.6). A neurologist examined them and diagnosed that they had no visual, auditory, and olfactory impairment. The study consisted of 2 experiments: Experiment I included visual stimulation while experiment II included visual and olfactory stimulation. The subjects were presented with 19 pictures for them to name in the experiment I, whereas they were exposed to the 19 pictures along with the corresponding olfactory stimulus in the experiment II. The 19 items included soy sauce, chilly pepper, Kimchi, chewing gum, cigarette (smoked), soybean paste, lemon, banana, alcohol (wine), apple, fish, vinegar, cuttlefish (dried), milk, rose, sesame oil, melon, coffee, and perfume. The results were as follows: First, olfactory stimulation tended to improve aphasics' word retrieval deficit although the improvement was not statistically significant. Second, the nonfluent aphasics seemed to take more advantage from olfactory stimulation compared to the fluent aphasics. Third, olfactory stimulation (olfactory + visual) did not produce a different naming performance compared to visual stimulation in the pre- and post-test when the pre- and post-test was composed of naming tasks through auditory + visual stimulation. Fourth, the fluent aphasics performed better with unpleasant olfactory stimulus while the nonfluent aphasics performed better with pleasant olfactory stimulus.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.279-294
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• 2008

치과에 내원하는 주된 이유 중의 하나는 통증이며 이런 통증 치료시에 장시간의 개구는 저작근에 근육문제를 야기할 수 있다. 장시간의 근피로를 유발할 수 있는 치과진료실내에서의 치료로 인하여 두통, 저작근의 통증, 개구 장애, 저작 곤란 등을 유발할 수 있으며, 통증을 치료하기위하여 내원한 환자로서는 예상하지 못한 다른 국면의 통증에 맞부딪치게 된다. 물론 이악물기등의 악습관 그리고 과도한 껌저작등으로 인해서도 임상적으로 근쇠약감이 호소하며 이에 대해서는 실험적 근피로유도후에 근전도등을 이용하여 연구가 이루어져왔다. 근쇠약감 및 근피로로 인하여 교합양상의 변화를 주관적으로 호소하며 이 상태에서의 근육의 근전도 평가가 이루어져 왔던 것에 비하여 교합의 변화에 대해서는 평가가 미진하였다. 과도한 이악물기나 개구 및 껌 저작으로 인한 근피로가 교합양상에 미치는 변화를 평가하고 감각신경 변화로 인하여 근통증에 영향을 미치는 조사하고자 측두하악장애 증상이 없고 정상 범주의 교합을 가졌으며 교정치료나 3개 이상의 보철 치료를 받지 않은 지원자 총 24명(평균나이 25.7세)을 대상으로 하였다. 근 피로를 실험적으로 유발하기 위하여 이악물기, 장시간 개구 상태 유지, 주저작측으로 껌 저작을 시행하여 근피로를 느끼도록 하였다. 본 연구에서는 전기적 자극을 이용하는 뉴로미터를 이용하여 근통증시에 주저작측 삼차신경의 감각신경을 측정하였고, 근통증을 느끼는 시점에 근쇠약감이나 저작근 기능 장애로 인한 교합상태의 변화를 평가하기 위하여 T-scan II system을 이용하여 교합접촉, 교합력 등을 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 근피로는 장시간 개구 후에 가장먼저 느꼈으며 근통증을 느끼는 시간은 이악물기 후에 가장 빨리 나타났다. 근피로, 통증을 느끼는 시점에서의 근피로, 통증의 정도는 이악물기 후에 가장 높았다 2. 최초접촉시의 접촉시간 접촉력은 차이가 없었으며 교두간 접촉위에서 껌저작후 접촉시간, 장시간 개구 후와 껌저작후에 접촉력이 감소하였다. 최대접촉위에서는 장시간 개구후와 껌저작후에 접촉력이 감소하였다. 최종접촉위에서는 모든 실험적 근피로후에 접촉시간이 감소하였고 접촉력은 껌저작후에 감소하였다. 3. 실험적 근피로가 유발된 근육에서의 감각 변화는 보이지 않았다. 4. 접촉수는 실험적 근피로 유발후에 최초접촉위 최대 접촉위 그리고 최종접촉위에서 감소되는 양상을 보였다. 5. 접촉수의 주저작측에 따른 비교에서 좌측으로 껌을 저작한 군은 접촉수에 좌우측 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 우측으로 껌을 저작한 군에서는 좌측이 많았다. 결론적으로 구강내외에 발생하는 일련의 사건은 임상적으로 근쇠약감을 호소하는 경우 교합양상에 변화를 초래 할 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 장시간의 개구나 이악물기, 과도한 저작등의 악구강계에 영향을 미칠 수 사건은 특히 치과치료 시에 교합 변화에 주의를 요함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

측두하악장애증상 및 기여요인과 성격유형과의 관련성을 규명하고자 경기도 지역 대학에 재학중인 학생 199명(평균연령 $21.0{\pm}2.9$세, 남자 73명, 여자 126명)을 대상으로 MBTI 검사와 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 내향성(I)이 외향성(E)보다, 감각형(S)이 직관형(N)보다, 사고형(T)이 감정형(F)보다, 인식형(P)이 판단형(J)보다 한 가지 이상의 주관적 측두하악장애증상을 가지고 있는 자의 비율 및 한가지 이상의 기여요인을 갖는 자의 기여요인 수 평균치가 높은 경향을 보였다. 2. ISTP와 ISFP는 다른 성격유형들에 비해 한 가지 이상의 주관적 측두하악장애증상을 가지고 있는 사람의 비율과 한 가지 이상의 기여요인을 갖는 사람의 비율에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 내향성(I)이 외향성(E)보다, 감각형(S)이 직관형(N)보다, 감정형(F)이 사고형(T)보다, 판단형(J)이 인식형(P)보다 개구시 악관절부 동통 증상의 빈도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. 이악물기 습관과 스트레스는 내향성(I)이 외향성(E)보다 높은 빈도를 보였고(p<0.05), 껌 씹는 습관은 외향성(E)이 내향성 (I)보다 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.05). 5. 편측저작습관은 판단형(J)이 인식형(P)보다 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.05). 6. 성격이 느긋한 편이거나 보통인 경우보다는 예민한 편이거나 신경질적인 경우가 측두하악장애 증상수의 평균치가 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 7. 보통 성격이 다른 성격들에 비해 기여요인 수의 평균치가 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.0001). 결론적으로 측두하악장애는 개인의 성격과 관계가 있으므로 환자의 성격 유형을 고려한 상담과 교육의 활용이 측두하악 장애 치료에 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.493-506
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of people in general characteristics about oral malodor. The subjects in this study are 184 people who visited the clinical practice lab at J health college to get their teeth scaled. After conducting a survey from May 1 to June 3, 2008, we selected four different ares and then analyzed the answer sheets from 179 respondents including smoking/nonsmoking, scaling experience, toothbrushing frequency and the use of oral hygiene supplies. SPSS WIN 12.0 program was used to make a frequency analysis and cross analysis. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. Concerning an intention of treatment for oral malodor, 37.4% didn't intend to receive treatment even in case of having bad breath. 28.5% didn't yet have any definite idea about that, and 20.7% had no mind to do that at all. 10.6% had an intention to receive treatment, and 2.8% want to receive treatment. 2. As for how to cope with oral malodor in case of suffering from it, 47.5% chewed gums or ate candy. 25.1% scarcely care about that, and 15.6% covered their mouth whenever they spoke. 9.5% had little confidence about talking to others, and 2.2% found it difficult to build an amicable interpersonal relationship. 3. Concerning what to do about another person's oral malodor, 40.8% did nothing, and 19% talked to the person about that. 17.3% gave him or her chewing gum. Among their oral health characteristics, toothbrushing frequency made a significant difference to the way they responded to another person's oral malodor(p<.05). 4. As to subjective feelings about another person's oral malodor, 41.9% just found it bearable. 36.9% were a little displeased, and 9.5% never felt bad about another person's bad breath. 8.9% tried to avoid the person, and 2.8% advised him or her to chew gum. 5. Regarding an intention of participating in a oral malodor program, 46.9% had no idea about that. 31.3% intended to participate in the program, and 13.4% wanted to do that without fail. 6.1% had no mind for that, and 2.2% were never going to do that. Among characteristics of the user oral hygiene device made a significant difference whether to participating in the oral malodor program(p<.05).

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2012

Purpose: It is to survey old men's utilization status of dental clinic and temporary-binding dentures and then to provide basic data to make a program for manufacturing old men's dentures and their teeth health education. Methods: Random selection was made on old men living in Daejeon and Chungnam, and a survey was conducted from April 15 to May 20, 2011. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 420 questionnaires were collected. Using spss 18.0 program, final analysis was made on 363 questionnaires except for 57 questionnaires which had missing value or showed some doubts about the unreliability. Results: 1. With respect to number of natural teeth as per the age, the upper/lower jaws had meaningful differences (P<.001), which means that the older the person is, the smaller number of natural teeth is. In the meantime, there was no meaningful difference according to sex. 2. With respect to kind of prosthetics installed in a mouth as per the age, there was meaningful difference in the upper jaws (P<.05) but there was no meaningful difference in the lower jaws. It was found out that the older the persons are, the more they use removable dentures while the younger the persons are, the more they use fixed partial dentures. 3. With respect to mouth health condition recognized by oneself, it showed bad (44.4%) and good (10.3%),which means recognition as bad is greater, and the age when prosthetics were first used is dispersed variously from below 40 to over 70. 4. Dental care institutions which they mainly used are hospital and clinics (91.5%), and 66.4% of them visited dental clinics lately. Preferential treatment if they go to dentists is as follows in the order of prosthetics (33.9%), gum treatment (24.2%) and pain treatment (14.9%). 5. 68.4% of them revisited dentists after installation of dentures and the reason for revisit is as follows in the order of poorly fitted dentures (35.1%), painful gum 25.9%, regular check-up 25.4% and difficult chewing 9.6%. Conclusion: As our country enters into an aging society, mouth health problem of old men has come to a serious issue, and therefore, a survey was conducted on some old men with respect to their utilization status of dental clinic and removable dentures in order to provide basic data for improvement of quality of their life, maintenance and enhancement of their mouth health. The study result shows that the older they are, the higher the loss rate of teeth as well as needs for prosthetics are, and thus it is thought the study will help to develop mouth health education program which may improve quality of old men's life by recovery of mouth functions declined due to loss of teeth and by regular check-up, education for mouth health control and following-up control of dentures.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.199-220
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• 1994

This study was conducted to determine the electromyographic features in the perioral muscles of class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips, and to grope the correlation between its activities and craniofacial morphology. Tn this study, 14 subjects with class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips(mean age of 20.5 years) and 20 subjects with normal occlusion(mean age of 23.9 years) were investigated. Electromyographic data were recorded from orbicularis oris, mentalis, buccinator and suprahyoid muscles durig rest lip posture, lip position at sealing, maximum sealing, maximal blowing, maximal biting, sipping milk, sipping and swallowing milk, chewing gum, masticating almond, swallowing almond and phonation utilizing the Medelec MS-25 electromyographic apparatus. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with the mandible in intercuspal position on all subjects. All data were recorded statistically processed. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows : 1. In class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips, the overall augmentations of perioral muscle activities during various functionel movements set for lip sealing were manifested and particular swelling in mentalis activity at rest was detected. 2. On the other hand remarkable diminution of upper lip acitivities at lip sealing movements was drawn. 3. In Class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips, negative correlations existed between the diversity of upper lip activities and upper incisor position and overjet as well in contrast to positive correlations in the lower lip. 4. It was suggested that the abnormal function of lower lip and mentalis muscle contributed somewhat the revelation of the characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

Nano and micro capsulation (NM capsulation) involve the incorporation for nanofood materials, enzymes, cells or other materials in small capsules. Since Kim D. M. (2001) showed that a new type of food called firstly the name of nanofood, which means nanotechnology for food, and the encapsulated materials can be protected from moisture, heat or other extreme conditions, thus enhancing their stability and maintaining viability applications for this nanofood technique have increased in the food. NM capsules for nanofood is also utilized to mask odours or tastes. Various techniques are employed to form the capsules, including spray drying, spray chilling or spray cooling, extrusion coating, fluidized bed coating, liposome entrapment, coacervation, inclusion complexation, centrifugal extrusion and rotational suspension separation. Each of these techniques is discussed in this review. A wide variety of nanofood is NM capsulated - flavouring agents, acids, bases, artificial sweeteners, colourants, preservatives, leavening agents, antioxidants, agents with undesirable flavours, odours and nutrients, among others. The use of NM capsulation for sweeteners such as aspartame and flavors in chewing gum is well known. Fats, starches, dextrins, alginates, protein and lipid materials can be employed as encapsulating materials. Various methods exist to release the ingredients from the capsules. Release can be site-specific, stage-specific or signaled by changes in pH, temperature, irradiation or osmotic shock. NM capsulation for the nanofood, the most common method is by solvent-activated release. The addition of water to dry beverages or cake mixes is an example. Liposomes have been applied in cheese-making, and its use in the preparation of nanofood emulsions such as spreads, margarine and mayonnaise is a developing area. Most recent developments include the NM capsulation for nanofood in the areas of controlled release, carrier materials, preparation methods and sweetener immobilization. New markets are being developed and current research is underway to reduce the high production costs and lack of food-grade materials.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.222-224
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• 2004

국내에서 착색료의 사용은 식품산업의 발달과 제품의 다양화에 따라 사용량도 점차 증가 추세에 있다. 그러나 소비자들은 색소의 안전성에 많은 의구심을 갖고 있으므로, 이에 대한 효율적인 품질관리 및 안전성확보를 위한 기초단계로서 분석방법을 확립하고 사용실태를 파악하고자 시중 유통되고 있는 과자류 등 34종 248품목을 대상으로 이산화티타늄 함량을 UV/VIS spectrophotometer로 분석하였다. 회수율을 검토한 결과 차류는 88.46%, 과자류, 사탕류, 아이스크림류와 김치류 등의 90.56∼104.75%이였다. 검출되어진 식품의 경우 이산화티타늄 사용량의 범위가 넓었으며, 초콜릿의 경우 1.54∼7.74 g/kg의 이산화티타늄이 검출되어 조사대상식품 중 이산화티타늄 함량이 가장 높았고 껌 0.48∼2.99 g/kg, 사탕 0.34∼2.34 g/kg과 건강보조식품은 0.27∼1.74 g/kg이 검출되었다. 이러한 연구결과로 미루어볼 때 판매되어지고 있는 식품 중에서 이산화티타늄의 사용 함량을 측정하여 사용실태를 조사함으로서 사용의 효율적인 품질관리 및 안전성확보를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.