• 한국사회복지학
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.61-84
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 노년기 사별 후 성장을 측정하기 위한 척도를 개발하고 척도의 타당도를 검증하는 것이다. 선행연구 및 기존 척도들을 참고로 문항을 개발하고, 전문가에 의한 내용타당도 검증, 예비조사를 거쳐 척도의 타당화를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 배우자 사별노인 308명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 요인타당도 검증을 위해 탐색적 요인분석 및 확인적 요인분석 결과, 최종적으로 24개의 문항이 결정되었으며, 사별 후 성장척도의 5요인 구조가 도출되었다. 둘째, 공인타당도 검증을 위해 비탄반응척도(HGRC: Hogan and Schmidt, 2001) 가운데 '개인적 성장'척도와의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 사별 후 성장과 HGRC 개인적 성장은 높은 상관관계에 있는 것으로 나타나, 공인타당도가 입증되었다. 셋째, 대비집단 타당도 검증을 위해 심리적 안녕감척도(PWB: Ryff and Keyes, 1995)와 슬픔극복척도(GRI: Remondet and Hansson, 1987)의 상 하위 30% 집단 간에 사별 후 성장점수의 차이를 비교한 결과, 모두 유의미한 차이가 제시되었다. 넷째, 사별 후 성장척도의 내적일치도는 .907(하위요인 .649~.856)으로 높은 수준으로 나타나, 본 척도의 신뢰성을 입증하였다. 마지막으로 인구사회학적 변수와 사별 후 성장과의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 특히 학력이 가장 강력한 예측요인임이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 사별 후 성장척도의 타당도는 높은 것으로 결론지을 수 있다. 본 척도는 사회복지 및 임상분야 실천가들에게 사별자에 대한 성장지향적인 실천적 개입의 이론적 근거를 제시하고, 개입 시 활용가능한 객관적인 평가도구를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.111-111
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• 2022

According to data from the Ministry of Environment, food waste accounted for 27% of the nation5 s household waste in 2020, and 4.67 million tons of food waste is being discharged per year. According to the Food Waste Direct Landfill Prohibition Act, food waste must be incinerated, composted, fodder, and decomposed before landfilling. The cost of incineration and landfilling of food waste is considerable. Therefore, through the process of turning food waste into fertilizer, we are going to investigate the limit of crop application and the change in the growth of crops during continuous use of food waste fertilizer. This study investigated the growth of lettuce such as shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight after treating lettuce with food waste dry powder mixed fertilizer. The experiment was carried out continuously in 2021 (1st year) and 2022 (2nd year), and the treatment groups were set to No Treatment (NT), Chemical Fertilizer (CF), Mixed Fertilizer (MF×1), and Mixed Fertilizer×2 (MF×2), was repeated 3 times. As a result of the 1st year growth survey, there was no significant difference between NT and CF in the case of shoot length, but MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. Root length was not significantly different in all treatment groups. As for the leaf number, there was no significant difference between NT and MF×1, but CF and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. In fresh weight, MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT, and in the case of dry weight, there was no significant difference between NT, MF×1, and MF×2. As a result of the 2nd year growth survey, there was a significant difference in CF and MF×2 in leaf number, but there was no significant difference in all treatment groups with respect to shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Through continuous additional research, it is necessary to confirm the change in soil composition and the growth of crops due to food waste fertilizer treatment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2017

Chicken production remains the foremost endeavor in the Nigerian livestock industry. However, disease incidence has been a major constraint on the growth of this subsector. This study assessed health management practices and disease incidence in smallholder chicken production enterprise in Southwest Nigeria using data from a farm survey of 240 farmers selected using a multistage sampling technique from 5 of 6 states in Southwest Nigeria. The study showed that vaccination was given by 96.8% of the famers, 97.8% dewormed their chickens, and 92.9% disinfected the coops against diseases. However, 37% of the farmers regularly consulted veterinarians, 25.7% consulted them during disease outbreaks, and 34.2% occasionally consulted veterinarians. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), coccidiosis, and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) were the major diseases reported by 17.1%, 12.9%, and 7.1% of the farmers, respectively. Mortality rate was 37.8%, although this varied with disease. However, there was a growth of 157.4% in stock size between the establishment of the farms and the survey period.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2015

1970년대 이후부터 이룩한 경제성장은 심각한 도시화 현상을 초래하였으며, 인구 증가와 함께 심각한 주택부족 현상을 가져왔다. 이에 정부를 비롯한 민간 건설업체는 도시지역의 주택수요를 충족시키기 위해 아파트를 비롯한 공동주택을 꾸준히 건설하게 되었다. 아파트는 주로 철근콘크리트로 건축되며, 처음에 가졌던 성능을 유지하기 어렵고, 지속적인 노후화 및 주거생활 문화의 변화에 따라 리모델링을 실시하게 된다. 리모델링은 환경문제 및 자원절약이라는 측면에서 재건축 보다 효율적인 방법이기 때문에 건축분야의 커다란 콘텐츠로 자리매김하게 되었다. 그러나, 아파트의 리모델링 공사는 필요에 따라 소규모로 이루어지고 있어 리모델링 공사에 대한 정보가 부족한 실정이며, 특히, 리모델링 공사 후에 발생하는 하자에 대한 정보는 더욱 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 아파트 리모델링 공사 후에 발생하는 하자의 발생시기와 원인에 대하여 설문조사를 실시한 후 결과를 분석함으로써, 아파트 리모델링 공사에 대한 정보를 제공함과 동시에 향후 아파트를 비롯한 공동주택의 효과적인 유지관리를 위한 기초적인 데이터를 제시하고자 한다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.103-138
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• 2007

본고는 (1) 소득불평등도에 대한 개념 인식을 설문조사를 통해 외국의 경우와 비교분석하고 (2) 서로 다른 개념의 소득불평등 지수가 실증적으로 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 확인하고 (3) 그를 통하여 향후 소득분배 정책방향을 모색하기 위하여 작성되었다. 설문조사의 결과는 경제학에서 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 상대적 소득불평등도의 기본 가정에 대하여 응답자의 다수가 동의하고 있지 않다는 다소 놀라운 결과를 포함하고 있다. 이는 외국의 경우와 유사한 결과이나, 외국의 경우와 차이점은 한국인은 현 시점에서 상대적 소득불평등도의 증가보다는 절대적 소득불평등도, 즉 절대적 소득격차의 변화에 좀더 민감하게 반응한다는 것이다. 한편 양극화 지수는 지니계수와 이론적으로는 다른 기반을 가지고 있으나 한국에 있어 통계학적으로 다른 지수라 보기 어렵다는 점이 확인되었다. 소득불평등도의 변화는 그 변화의 양상이 절대적이냐 상대적이냐에 따라 성장과 빈곤의 변화에 서로 다른 영향을 미친다는 것이 그동안 학계에 축적된 연구 결과이기 때문에, 국가발전전략의 설정에 있어 소득분배정책의 방향은 빈곤 감소적 성장을 추구할 필요가 있다는 것이 본고가 제시하는 시사점이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the economic characteristics of single-person households and explain the effects of them on the food service industry. Methods: For this paper, I analysed the data related with single-person households and the food service industry in two surveys, Household Income and Expenditure Survey and Wholesale and Retail Trade Survey published by Statistics Korea from 2006 to 2015, with an empirical test performed utilizing these data. The indicators of the age of householders, disposable income per capita, and the rate of household of worker were compared between single and multi-person households. Furthermore, sales and the number of establishments in the food service industry were used as industry-variables, and disposable income, eating-out expenses and the rate of single-person households as the household-variables were used in a panel analysis. Results: The results showed that household incomes were lower, age of householder was higher, and the percentage of household of worker was lower in single-person households in contrast to multi-person households. According to the empirical analysis, eating-out expenses of single-person households, in comparison to multi-person households, has significantly positive effects on the growth of the food service industry. This means that the recent trend of increasing numbers of single-person households may help the growth of the food service industry. Conclusions: The growth in the rate of single-person households has been one of the most striking demographic shifts in recent decades. Their economic characteristics and the effects were analyzed to give the managers in the food service industry and the policy-makers useful information in dealing with this new trend. Moreover, in considering the fact that single-person households eat out more frequently than multi-person households, the food service business should develop the managerial strategies focused on acclimatizing to single-person households.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 1973

1. 본(本) 조사(調査) 16년생(年生)의 리기다소나무임분(林分)에 대(對)한 재적생장량(材積生長量)과 장래(將來)의 임분재적예측(林分材積豫測) 임분표법(林分表法)에 의하여 추정(推定)한 것이다. 2. 직경성장량(直徑成長量) 조사(調査)는 'Meyer'의 Increment borer법(法)에 의하고 단목재적(單木材積)은 기(旣) 조사(調査)된 V=0.000058 $D^{1.8}{\times}{\cdot}H^{1.1}$의 재적식(材積式)에 의하여 각각(各各) 조사(調査)되었다. 3. 0.33ha의 표준지(標準地)를 설정(設定)하고 표준지내(標準地內) 339본(本)의 임목(林木)에 대(對)하여 95%의 신뢰도(信賴度)로서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 직경(直徑)에 대(對)한 직경연년성장량(直徑連年成長量)의 회귀식(回歸式)은 Y=0.1618 +0.0298x. 이다. 2) 2cm 괄약(括約)의 직경분포(直徑分布)에서 전임목(全林木) 본수(本數)의 약(約) 90%가 완전(完全) 1계급(階級) 진급(進級)을 하였다. 3) 임분재적성장율(林分材積成長率)은 16%의 고도(高度)의 성장율(成長率)을 나타냈다. 4) 5개년간(個年間)의 재적성장량(材積成長量)은 46%의 증가율(增加率) 보이고있다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2020

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on trees that can be used for planting design and construction for permanently shaded areas by grasping the growth status of trees according to the daylight conditions of the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes. Methods: On the recently completed apartment complexes, daylight conditions were analyzed by using daylight simulations utilizing Solar Access Analysis of Ecotect Analysis. With a criteria for assessment of tree condition, the defect rate of trees planted in permanently shaded areas and green spaces with good daylight conditions was analyzed to suggest trees applicable to permanently shaded areas. The first tree survey was conducted from November 18, 2019 to February 15, 2020, focusing on trees planted in permanently shaded areas, and the second tree survey of all the trees planted on the study sites including permanently shaded areas was conducted from March 16 to March 30, 2020. Results: Evergreen trees which are classified as shade intolerant trees including Pinus densiflora, Thuja occidentalis, and Abies holophylla showed a higher defect rate of trees among the trees planted in permanently shaded areas. Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, Cornus kousa, Chionanthus retusus and Acer palmatum which are classified as shade tolerant trees and shade moderate tolerance trees seemed to be able to be used in the plant design of permanently shaded areas in apartment complexes because the trees showed good growth and a low tree defect rate. In addition, although it was excluded from the analysis due to a small number of samples, Sorbus commixta and Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea also can be used for planting in permanently shaded areas. Conclusion: The daylight simulation technique used to analyze permanent shaded areas in this study can be used as an analysis tool considering the daylight environment at the stages of design and construction, and additional research will be required to analyze tree growth according to daylight conditions through data accumulation and monitoring by managing records throughout the entire life cycle of trees in the process of planting and maintenance.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to obtain consensus from the expert community on the aims of Elementary Science Classes for the Gifted(ESCG) and teaching professionalism of Elementary Science Teachers for the Gifted(ESTG). For the delphi study, nineteen experts were consulted with open-ended and closed questions. Delphi research was conducted a total of 3 times. The Delphi survey was done by e-mail. The experts can express their opinions freely during the research. The results of this study were as follows : First, there were six aims for ESCG. The six aims of ESCG are scientific inquiry ability growth, creative problem solving ability growth, primary science gifted's giftedness development, the future science-talented-children training, the growth of attitudes toward science, scientific attitudes growth. Second, there were four teaching professionalism about teaching professionalism of ESTG. Four teaching professionalism are understanding the characteristics of primary science gifted, the ability to understand and apply the learning methods suitable for primary science gifted education, professional knowledge and ability to understand the science curriculum, the ability to develop and apply primary science education programs.