• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

Insect cell cultures have become important tools in the production of biological substances for use in a variety of research, human and veterinary medicine, and pest control applications. These applications often require the introduction of foreign DNA into the cells and have generally used methods originally developed for use with human and other mammalian cell cultures. While these methods can be successfully employed, they are often less efficient with insect cells and frequently involve complex procedures or require specialized equipment. Even when they do work, they may require substantial modification because of differences in the culture medium or growth patterns of insect cells. In this study, We have optimized transfection conditions of Sf9 cell line using insect expression vector pIZT/V5-His which expresses green fluorescent protein effectively. Human stem cell factor (hSCF) is a glycoprotein that plays a key role in hematopoiesis acting both as a positive and negative regulator, often in synergy with other cytokines. It also plays a key role in mast cell development, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis. It can exist in membrane-bound form and in proteolytically released soluble form. As determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed, hSCF level in supernatant averaged 995ng/ml. The human hSCF was partially purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The results show that the hSCF has N-linked carbohydrate and corresponds to the soluble form, at or about 223 amino acids in length. The findings suggest functional importance for soluble hSCF in cells.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2017

Effluent treated by an NaDCC injection method in Ballast water management system (BWMS) contains reactive chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on marine environment. WET testing was carried out for four marine pelagic and freshwater organisms, i.e., diatom Skeletonema costatum, Navicula pellicuosa, chlorophyta Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus and fish Cyprinodon variegatus, Pimephales promelas. The biological toxicity test revealed that algae was the only biota that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50% (EC50) values of 25-50%, 50-100% and >100%, respectively, at three water condition, but did not show any significant toxicities on other biota. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the BWMS effluent contained total residual oxidants (TROs) below $0.03{\mu}g/L$ and a total of 25 DBPs such as bromate, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VOCs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated acetic acids (HAAs), chloropicrin and Isocyanuric acid. Based on ERA, the 25 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. The ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the other DBPs did not exceed 1 for General harbor environment. However, four substances (Isocyanuric acid, Tribromomethane, Chloropicrin and Monochloroacetic acid) were exceed 1 for Nearship environment. But observed toxicity in the test water on algal growth inhibition would be mitigated by normal dilution factor of 5 applied for nearship exposure. Thus, our results of WET testing and ERA showed that the BWMS effluent treated by NaDCC injection method would have no adverse impacts on marine environment.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the South-West Texas. The junction of three river basins such as Lavaca river basin, Colorado-Lavaca Coastal basin and Lavaca-Guadalupe Coastal basin, are interesting for non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Especially, the 2 basins are an intensively agricultural region (Colorado-Lavaca Coastal/Lavaca-Guadalupe Coastal basins) and several cities are rapidly extended. In case of the Lavaca river basin, there are many range land. Several habitat types wide-spread over three relatively larger basins and five wastewater discharge regions are located in there. There are different hazardous substances which have been released. Total nutrient loads are composed of land surface load and river load as Non-point source and discharge from wastewater facilities as point source. In 3 basins region, where point and non-point sources of poll Jtion may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to how to assess and control the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern as non-point source with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients and as point source with wasterwater discharge from cities. The GIS technique has been developed to aid in the point and non-point source analysis of impacts to natural resource within watershed. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/year$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of 3 basins. In the next paper, sediment contamination will show how to evaluate in Estuarine habitats of these downstream.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 1959

In order to know contents of vitamin B$_{12}$ in the fermented foods in Korea, the contents of this vitamin are studied on the following foods; kimchies (pickled vegetables) .................. 39 chukkals (fermented and salted sea foods) ...... 8 fermented soy-bean products .................... 5 the kimchies and fermented soybean products studied in this paper, are from individual homes and chukkals are from markets. The content of vitamin B$_{12}$ is estimated by the microbiological assay method using lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830. Details for assay are indicated in the original part of this paper. The pseudo-vitamin B$_{12}$ substances as thymidine which is active to the growth of lactobacillus leichmannii, are eliminated by the alkali treatment method of sample solution. According to the results as indicated in the table, the following conclusions are summerized; 1. Vitamin B$_{12}$ contents of kimchies for winter season are 1.03 to 1.52 mcg% in average. The hobakk-kimchi which contain the highest content of vitamin B$_{12}$ is not popular one among Korean. 2. Chukkals contain much higher content of vitamin B$_{12}$ varying from 0.91 to 11.10mcg%. 3. The soybean fermented foods, as kanjang, denjang, kochojang, contain lower content of vitamine B$_{12}$ varying from 0.08 to 0.52 mcg% containing higher content of pseudo-vitamin. 4. Based on daily consumption of kimchi in winter season by Chai, the consumption of this vitamin through kimchi is about 3 mcgs daily per capita. This will be a quite source of this vitamin for Korean as vitamin C. as vitamin C.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-55
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• 1959

In order to confirm on production of vitamin $B_{12}$ during the kimchi fermentation period, the variation of its content is studied in this paper As a sample of kimchi for this fermentation study due to the seasonal condition, nabakkimchi which is aseasonal one in early spring, is prepared by author. The content of vitamin $B_{12}$ is estimated by the microbiological assay method using lactobacillus leichmannii A Tee 7830. Details for assay are indicated in the original part. And the pseudo-vitamin $B_{12}$ substances as thymidine which is active to the growth of lactobacillus leichmannii, are eliminated by the alkali treatment method of sample solution, According to the results shown in table 2 and 3 and figures 1 to 4, the following conclusions are summerized; 1. Vitamin $B_{12}$ produced during the fermentation period of kimchi. And the content of this vitamin during its optimum fermentation period, is much higher content compared with the theoretically calculated amount from its materials, This has been confirmed at the repeated experiment. The trend of variation during its period is indicated at the figures. 2. The sterilized kimchi inhibited the fermentation by sterilization at the preparation, did not increased its content showing only its theoretically calculated amount.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2016

Marine bacteria have represented unique physiologies and products which are not discovered from terrestrial organisms. There has been great interest to utilize and develop marine bacteria in many industrial sectors. Recently, we isolated and characterized anaerobic bacteria from various marine environments in Korea to search organic acids fermenting strains. From our enrichment performed under anaerobic condition, 65 strains were isolated and identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Among them, eleven strains were selected for phylogenetical and biochemical analysis. All tested strains were affiliated with Class Clostridia except one with Class Bacteroidia. Most of strains produce acetate (6 strains) with butyrate (2 strains) and/or formate (4 strains). Strain MCWD5 transformed 40% of glucose to extracellular polymeric substances. These results indicate that many novel anaerobic microorganisms which have great potential in commercial application are distributed in the marine environments of Korean Peninsula.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2011

Strain BCNU 5011 was isolated from forest soil samples collected in the Taebaek mountain in the Gangwon province, Korea. The biochemical, physiological and 16S rRNA sequence analysis strongly indicated that this isolate was most closely related to Paenibacillus polymyxa. A maximum production level of antimicrobial substances of Paenibacillus sp. BCNU 5011 was achieved under aerobic incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 days in SST broth.Paenibacillus sp. BCNU 5011 showed a broad spectrum of activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, including methicllinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Paenibacillus sp. BCNU 5011 was also shown to inhibit the growth of different potential human pathogenic bacteria and fungi in vitro. Peptide extract showed better antimicrobial activity than solvent extracts. But active antimicrobial compounds might be included in both peptide extract and solvent extracts. Further separation, purification and identification of active principles leads project to develop antimicrobial agents and anti-MRSA agents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 1988

The changes in peroxidase and catalase activities, and isoperoxidase patterns in different parts of mung bean seedling caused by the treatment with plant growth substances, $GA_3$ and ABA, were examined. As germination proceeded, the activity of peroxidase in all part except hypocotyl was increased, while that of catalase decreased. The separate application of $GA_3$ and ABA increased the activity of peroxidase which was more influenced by $GA_3$ than by ABA only in cotyledon, while that of catalase was more affected by ABA than by $GA_3$. Electrophoretic study revealed that the number of isoperoxidase was increased continuously in all parts during development. A greater influence was exerted on the intensity of isozyme than the number of isozyme by the hormonal treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to develop therapeutic prescription that is more significant than existing ones through extraction method and formulation changes. Methods: Yukmijihwangtang(YMJHT) was extracted in 80% ethanol, and their relative anti-oxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation were measured. Results: Both water and ethanol extracted YMJHT showed does-dependent DPPH elimination activities. ROS inhibition activity was greater in water extracted YMJHT except for Moutan Cortex. NO inhibition assay results indicated that all groups showed higher NO inhibition activities in RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner. Water extracted group showed higher NO inhibition activity than that of ethanol extracted group. TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion inhibition assay using RAW 264.7 cells, water extracted YMJHT showed higher activity than ethanol extracts. Growth rate of spleen cells was greater in all tested groups, with higher rate in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IFN-r in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was higher in YMJHT-EtOH than YMJHT-DW. Suppression of gene expression of IL-10 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A was highest in YMJHT-DW with 40%. Suppression of gene expression of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated by Con A were significant with 90% or higher in all groups and that of IL-12p35 were also higher than 90% in all cases. Conclusions: From the results, it shows that YMJHT has anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation. However, the difference between YMJHT-EtOH and YMJHT-DW was not that significant. Further studies are needed to find out effective extraction methods of herbal medicine.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2007

Purpose: To understand the pathogenesis of the disease that presents abnormally proliferated vascular endothelial cells, a model of DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine)-induced abnormal proliferation of HUVECs(Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) was made. We indirectly determined that Protein Kinase C(PKC) restricts the cellular proliferation and inhibits the manifestation of growth factor by using several inhibiting substances of the transmitter through our previous studies. Thereupon, we attempted to observe direct enzymatic activities of PKC and its correlation with the abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Methods: $10^5$ HUVECs cells were applied to 6 individual well plates in three different groups; A control group cultured without treatment, a group concentrated with $0.75{\times}10^{-8}M$ DMH only, and a group treated with DMH & $5{\times}10^{-9}M$ Calphostin C, inhibitor of PKC. In analyzing the formation of intracellular PKC enzyme, protein separation was performed, and separated protein was quantitatively measured. PKC enzyme reaction was analyzed through Protein Kinase C Assay System (Promega, USA), and the results were analyzed according to Beer's law. Results: Enzymatic activity of PKC presented the highest in all reaction time of a group concentrated only with DMH, and the lowest in the control group. The group treated with DMH and the inhibitor revealed statistically lower enzymatic activity than group only with DMH in all reaction time, although higher than the control group. Conclusion: From the enzymatic aspect, most active and immediate reaction of the PKC was observed in the group concentrated with DMH only. The group treated with DMH & PKC inhibitor showed meaningful decrease. Accordingly, PKC holds a significant role in DMH-induced abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.