• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2013

Two varieties of Aucuba japonica differ in ways that can be considered adaptive to differing geo-climatic conditions in their respective distribution ranges. Irrespective of growth stage, the mean leaf size of A. japonica var. japonica was significantly larger than A. japonica var. borealis. Smaller leaf size and ultimately smaller stature of A. japonica var. borealis are an advantage under the higher snow load and lower temperatures in the forests along the East Sea where the variety grows. Snow load also acted as an important driving force for structural modifications of A. japonica var. borealis from cellular level in leaves to the organization of branch extension growth. Global warming by changing snowfall patterns in Japan may lead to range shifts in the two varieties of A. japonica.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.38-40
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• 2016

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder often caused by a deletion of the chromosome 15q11-q13 region inherited from the father or by maternal disomy 15. Growth hormone deficiency with short stature, hypogonadism, cognitive and behavioral problems, analgesia, decreased gastric motility and decreased ability to vomit with hyperphagia are common in PWS leading to severe obesity in early childhood, if not controlled. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of recombinant human GH (rhGH, henceforth designated GH) on the gene expression related to cognitive function in the brain of PWS mouse model (Snord116del). GH restored the mRNA expression level of several genes in the cerebellum. These data suggest the effect of GH on the expression of cognitive function related genes in cerebellum may provide a mechanism for the GH-induced brain function in PWS patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2005

목 적 : 최근까지 성장호르몬 결핍증으로 진단 받은 소아에서의 성장호르몬 치료는 그 효과를 인정받아 왔으나 성장호르몬 자극 유발 검사에서 유의한 결과를 보이지 않는 특발성 저신장증은 그 원인이 성장호르몬의 부분적 결핍 또는 감수성의 부족 때문이므로 성장호르몬의 치료 효과가 기대되나 성장호르몬 투여가 인정되어 오지 못한 현실이다. 특발성 저신장 소아에서의 성장호르몬의 효과에 대하여 몇몇 국외 연구 논문들이 발표되어 왔으나 국내에서는 거의 없는 실정으로 이에 저자들은 국내 소아를 대상으로 국내에서 생산된 성장호르몬을 투여하기 전과 후의 여러 성장 관련인자들 및 신장을 비교 분석하여 특발성 저신장증에서의 성장호르몬 치료효과에 대하여 검증하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 충북대학교병원에서 최소 1년 이상 성장호르몬 투여를 받은 특발성 저신장증 환아 15명을 대상으로 하여 1년 치료군과 2년 치료군으로 나누어 투여 전 및 후의 여러 성장 관련변수들 및 신장의 변화를 검토하여 성장호르몬의 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 15명의 소아 중 남아가 7명, 여아가 8명이었고 평균 연령은 $11.44{\pm}2.81$세(4.6-12.73세)이었다. 성장호르몬을 사용하기 전에 1년 치료군과 2년 치료군 사이의 역 연령, 골 연령, 신장 표준 편차치, 예측 성인 신장의 표준 편차치, 표적 신장의 표준 편차치, IGF-I, 그리고 IGFBP-3의 차이는 없었다. 또한 성장호르몬 투여 1년 후의 각종 성장 관련변수들의 비교 결과 1년 치료군과 2년 치료군 사이의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 성장호르몬 투여 전후의 신장의 변화를 비교하였을 때 1년 치료군과 2년 치료군 모두에서 의미 있는 증가를 보였다. 또한 각종 성장 관련 변수들도 두 군 모두에서 증가를 보였으나 2년 치료군에서는 IGF-I과 IGFBP-3가 통계학적으로 관련성이 미미한 것처럼 보였는데 이는 환아의 수가 적기 때문으로 보인다. 결 론 : 통상적으로 최대 자극 성장호르몬 치를 성장호르몬 치료의 기준으로 사용하여 왔다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 성장호르몬 자극 검사상 성장호르몬 결핍증의 범위에서 벗어나는 특발성 저신장의 치료에도 성장호르몬이 효과가 있으며 또한 치료의 지표로서 IGF-I과 IGFBP-3를 사용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2001

The study was conducted to assess the association or physical activity, television watching and energy intake with body fat in 514 adolescents(218 boys, 296 girls) aged 14-17 years. Comparison of the weight status evaluated according to some indicators based on weight and stature was made. The quantitative food frequency was used to determine intakes of total energy and energy from each macronutrient. Television-watching time was used as an index of inactivity and time spent performing extra-curricular physical exercise or playing was used a index of activity, BMI(body mass index) was used as index of body fat. Weight status varied by the indicators used. Using BMI, Broca and Rohrer index, 54-59% of boys and 38-57% of girls were underweight decreased(23% of boys and 26% of girls) and the of overweight increased (9.3% of boys and 7.8% girls), when adolescents whose BMI are<=15th percentiles for age and sex, and >= 85th percentiles of standard growth charts of Korean Children and aldosescents(1998) were classified as underweight and overweight, respectively, Girls tended to get fatter compared to boys who showed greater skeletal development. There were no significant correlations between BMI and total energy intake, energy intakes from macronutrient and physical activity level. These lack of association seems to be related to indication that BMI reflects total body mass rather than fatness. Mpreover, the effect of growth may interact with diet intake or physical activity level. Although BMI was not related to physical activity, television-watching time was negatively correlated with physical activity. Television-watching time was positiviely correlated with energy intake in girls. In adolescents, criteria for weigh status based on weight and stature must be age- and sex-specific in that weight status varied by indicators whether gender and higher were taken into consideration or not. If follows that each hourly increment of television watching may be related to fatness of adolescents, because hours certainly reduce the opportunity to be active and increase th energy intake.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):39-47, 2001)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2017

Purpose: Celiac disease, an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten, is not uncommon in South Jordan. However, its prevalence is underestimated due to lack of physician awareness of the diversity of disease presentation. The clinical spectrum includes classic gastrointestinal manifestations, as well as rickets, iron-deficiency anemia, short stature, elevated liver enzymes, and edema. Our goal was to evaluate celiac disease presentation in clinically diagnosed children. Methods: Retrospective study included all children diagnosed with celiac disease between September 2009 and September 2015. Hospital charts were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and follow-up were recorded. Results: Thirty-five children were diagnosed with celiac disease during the study period. Mean age${\pm}$standard deviation was $6.7{\pm}3.8$ years (range, 2.0-14 years). There were 17 (48.6%) female patients. The average duration between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was $16.3{\pm}18.7$ months. Fifteen (42.9%) patients presented with classic malabsorption symptoms, whereas 7 (20.0%) patients presented with short stature. Positive tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTg)-immunoglobulin A (IgA) was seen in 34 (97.1%) patients. The one patient with negative tTg-IgA had IgA deficiency. Although tTG-IgA values were not available for objective documentation of compliance, clinical data (resolution of presenting abnormalities and growth improvement) assured acceptable compliance in 22 (62.9%) patients. Conclusion: CD in children may present with diverse picture. Although of the small number, the non-classical presentations are not uncommon in our rural community. Gluten-free diet is the main strategy for treatment and associated with usually correction of laboratory abnormalities and improvement of growth.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1989

To study the sexual maturity at puberty and interrelation between pubertal growth peak and sexual maturity, 68 malocclusions (female 44, male 24) were longitudinally studied for 4 years and cross-sectional samples of 210 malocclusions were studied together. The pubertal growth peak was determined by stature increment and sexual maturity was studied using developmental stages of pubic hair and breast, menarche in female and those of pubic hair in male. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean age at menarche was 12.8 years and it was 11.8 months later than PHV. 2. At pubertal growth peak, developmental stage 2 (54.2%) and 3 (29.2%) of pubic hair were most in male, and stage 1 (72.7%) and 2 (20.5%) were most in female. 3. At pubertal growth peak, the developmental stage 2 (50%) of breast was most and the stage 3 (43.2%) was next. 4. In interrelation between skeletal growth and sexual maturity, PHV had most high correlation with menarche and stage 3 of breast, and menarche had most high correlation with stage 3 of breast. 5. Appearance of remarkable sexual maturity suggested that the PHV was passed already.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2005

Objective : As the meaning of collective medical examination, the purpose of this study is to investigate distribution of weak children by measurement according to the five group of weakness (Lung, Heart, Pancreas, Liver, Kidney), and the relationship between the five group of weakness and the Growth failure on primary school children. Methods : This study is composed of 1078 children who attend A primary school in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ city. They are divided into 6 groups by grade and for the purpose of effective comparison, The five weak symptoms are studied to determine the association with growth stature among children and we standardize the weak children's height into percent according to age. Results: When each weak children controled grade, sex, body-weight, existence or nonexistence of personal history, physical exercise so on, relatively group of weakness for kidney is statistically less then opposite group and the rest of the people statistically have no significant difference. Conclusions: From the above result, it is suggested that the statistical relationship between the weakness for kidney and growth(p<0.001). It looks forward to have contributed to collective medical examination and children's health care by oriental medical treatment.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.42-44
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• 2018

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic complex disorder characterized by hyperphagia and impaired satiety which lead to severe and early obesity. In infancy, hypotonia and poor suck are main problems, and a child goes through Failure-to-thrive. During childhood, clinical manifestations change to food seeking as well as excessive weight gain, short stature, developmental delay, cognitive disability and behavioral problems. Also, growth hormone insufficiency is frequent. Most patients receive the recombinant growth hormone (rGH) therapy that provides improvement in growth, body composition, and physical attributes. The clinical care guideline for rGH therapy in PWS had been noticed in 2013. The rGH therapy helps in body fat, lean body mass, height SDS and head circumference. Also, the rGH therapy helps motor function, psychomotor development and cognition and behavioral issues.In Samsung medical center, there are clinical care guidelines for rGH therapy in PWS and an useful application for the patients. 'Living with PWS', the name of an moblie application for PWS patients, was introduced in the lecture. The application revised to version 2. It was made more convenient to users than in version 1. It helps caregivers to schedule the rGH therapy and to monitor height and weight.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2009

목 적 : 특발성 저신장증 환자에서 IGF-I 유전자 다형성의 역할에 대한 연구는 아직 보고되지 않았다. 저자들은 한국인 특발성 저신장증 환자를 대상으로 IGF-I 프로모터 CA repeat 유전자 다형성에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 방 법 : 신장 계측에 의해 2007년에 제작된 한국 소아 발육 표준 신장표에 의거하여 나이와 성별에 따른 신장백분위수가 3백분위수 미만인 131명을 대상으로 하였다. 성장호르몬 치료의 분석은 최소한 6개월 이상 성장호르몬 치료를 받은 37명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 유전자형의 분석은 유전자 염기서열분석을 통하여 실시하였다. CA repeat 횟수에 따른 대립유전자의 분포를 조사하였고, 이를 바탕으로 유전자형을 분석하였다. CA repeat의 heterozygous의 분석은 Gene Mapper software를 이용하였다. 혈청 IGF-I 농도는 RIA방법으로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 국인 특발성 저신장증 환자에서의 CA repeat의 분포는 15부터 22까지였으며, 19 repeat가 40.6%의 빈도로 가장 높았다. 유전자형에 따른 분포는 131명 중 17명(13.0%)이 19 CA repeat homozygous 였으며, 74명(56.5%)은 heterozygous, 40명(30.5%)은 19 CA repeat noncarrier 였다. 유전자형에 따른 키, 체중, BMI는 세군 모두에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 유전자형에 따른 혈청 IGF-I 농도는 19 CA repeat noncarrier군에서 $435.67{\pm}160.29$ ng/mL로, 19 CA homozygous 군에서의 $435.60{\pm}131.51$ ng/mL, 19 CA heterozygous 군에서의 $473.76{\pm}185.01$ ng/mL과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 나이와 혈청 IGF-I 농도와의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 세군 모두에서 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(P<0.01). 유전자형에 따른 첫 1년 동안의 성장호르몬 치료 효과를 분석한 결과 성장호르몬 치료 후 12개월로 환산한 성장속도는 19 CA homozygote군에서 $7.6{\pm}3.4$ Cm, 19 CA heterozygote군에서 $7.9{\pm}2.6$ cm 그리고 19 CA noncarrier군에서 $7.7{\pm}2.8$ cm로 세군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 성장호르몬 치료 전후의 신장표준편차점수 차이도 19 CA homozygote군에서 $0.6{\pm}0.2$, 19 CA heterozygote군에서 $0.5{\pm}0.4$ 그리고 19 CA noncarrier군에서 $0.5{\pm}0.4$로 세군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 특발성 저신장증 환자에서의 IGF-I 프로모터 CA repeat 유전자 다형성의 분포는 15부터 22까지였으며, 19 repeat가 40.6%의 빈도로 가장 높았다. 키, 체중, BMI 그리고 혈중 IGF-I농도는 유전자형에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 유전자형에 관계없이 나이와 혈중 IGF-I 농도 사이에는 모든 군에서 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 유전자형에 따른 첫 1년간의 성장호르몬 치료 효과도 유전자형에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 특발성 저신장증 환자에서는 IGF-I 유전자 다형성은 기능적 역할을 하지 못한다고 생각한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.406-410
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• 2015

Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) is a congenital disease characterized by short stature due to growth hormone deficiency, physical asymmetry, inverted triangular face, micrognathia, prominent forehead, and hypodontia. This case report presents a prosthetic management of a 6-year-old patient with Russell-Silver syndrome treated with overdentures on the maxilla and the mandible using the remaining primary teeth. Subsequent and comprehensive dental management considering the growth and development of a young patient will be necessary.