• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have become an environmental havoc in last few decades with reported cases of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), lethal effects over aquatic organisms, interference in natural decomposition of organic matter, reduced diversity of microbial communities in different environmental compartments, inhibition of growth of microbes resulting in reduced rate of nutrient cycling, hormonal imbalance in exposed organisms etc. Owing to their potential towards bioaccumulation and persistent nature, these compounds have longer residence time and activity in environment. The conventional technologies of wastewater treatment have got poor efficiency towards removal/degradation of PhACs and therefore, modern techniques with efficient, cost-effective and environment-friendly operation need to be explored. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) like Photocatalysis, Fenton oxidation, Ozonation etc. are some of the promising, viable and sustainable options for degradation of PhACs. Although energy/chemical or both are essentially required for AOPs, these methods target complete degradation/mineralization of persistent pollutants resulting in no residual toxicity. Considering the high efficiency towards degradation, non-toxic nature, universal viability and acceptability, AOPs have become a promising option for effective treatment of chemicals with persistent nature.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2018

In the contemporary era of smart tourism, travelers face more accommodation options than ever before. The rapid expansions of alternative accommodation sector are partially owing to the growth of electronic commerce and the rise of online intermediary platforms. Online travel agencies serve as a critical distribution channel for tourism sectors, and the significance is further increased for small and micro entrepreneurs whose direct communication channels are scarce. Considering the holistic process of customer experience started with a third-party online intermediary, this study explores basic and extended attributes of small and medium-sized alternative accommodation where the comparative value is created. In order to achieve the objective, a research design was developed to synthesize the qualitative evidence. The synthesis encompasses both theoretical and practical perspectives, from a systematic review and opinions of academic professionals to an in-depth interview with an industry expert and the current practices of online travel agencies. This study suggests that the sources of value creation for alternative accommodation are not always consistent with those of the traditional. Accounting for the temporal and spatial dynamics in customer experience, the findings of this study provide insights on the comparative value of alternative accommodation, to both academic and industry audiences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

Normally, as a result of increased laryngeal growth, the male voice drops about one octave in pitch level during adolescence. Failure of the voice to drop in pitch is consider to be a clinically significant voice disorder - 'mutational dysphonia'. The aim of this article is to evaluate the changes brought about by voice therapy, using the analysis of the EGG measure from Lx Speech Studio program(Laryngograph Ltd, UK) as well as acoustic, and aerodynamic studies in 18-year-old mutational dysphonia patient. The results from the Lx Speech Studio program demonstrated bimodal distribution of DFx(Hz), DQx(%), QxFx and diplophonic characteristic. After voice therapy combined with manual compression method, the distribution of DFx, DQx, QxFx was changed uniform with a dramatic reduction of higher pitch level. In addition, this finding suggests the EGG measure helps to choice treatment options, monitor the efficacy of therapy, and estimate the prognosis of diseases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.259-262
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• 2006

Fibrous dysplasia(FD) of the bone is a slowly progressive, benign disease of unknown cause where normal architectures are replaced with fibrous and osteoid tissue. FD of the maxilla usually manifests as a bony enlargement with painless swelling and bone deformity, contouring to facial asymmetry. The lesion may involve the nasal fossae, orbits, or alveolus bone, causing diverse functional disturbance. Treatment options range from shaving to total maxillectomy and reconstruction depending on the presenting symptoms. Shaving, partial maxillectomy and maxillary sinus formation was performed in 5 patients with fibrous dysplasia in the past 2 years. Follow up period ranged from 1 month to 11 months. Aesthetic appearance, CT findings, and relief from symptoms were compared. In all patients, facial asymmetry was restored to symmetry and nasal obstructive symptoms were improved. With this procedure, expansion of the lesion will be controlled until puberty, preventing the development of new functional disturbances. After puberty, no further treatment can be anticipated due to the growth arrest inherent to the disease.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.296-301
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• 1998

Flavobacterium species are nonfastidious, oxidase-positive gram-negative rods that do not ferment glucose. These organism are widely distributed in nature and in hospital environments. In past, one of flavobacteria, Flavobacterium indologenes, was treated with non-pathogenic organism. Recently, several investigators have demonstrated the infection of this organism in human. Nowadays, the growth of F. indologenes in specimen should be considered a potential pathogen in infectious patients including neonate, especially in the setting of malignancy and with use of invasive procedures. The resistance of this organism to multiple antibiotics and the high incidence of polymicrobial bacteremia make it difficult to determine optimal therapeutic options. We experienced a case of neonatal bacterial meningitis causing by F. indologenes. So we report this case to evoke more concerns about the infections of this organism in human.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop wearable products with visual and auditory feedback aimed at promoting exercise interest in children. Here we determined the theoretical characteristics of cognitive and motor function development during childhood, empirical characteristics of children's motor functions, and factors that encourage exercise using natural observation and in-depth interview research methods. The questionnaire assessed children's motor ability, intensively trained body parts in sports programs, types of training or classes that improve the motor ability of each muscle group, significantly considered aspects of children's sports programs, and factors that promote children's interest in exercise. Our results suggest that the development of sport programs comprising varied exercise options that enhance body and limb movements are needed for balanced growth. Furthermore, it is very important to provide motivation for regular exercise and appropriate feedback, such as praise and encouragement, to maintain interest in exercise. This study identifies the standards for developing products that peak children's interest in exercise and the basis for a physically and mentally healthy society.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.323-335
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• 2005

Globalization of economy brings both opportunities and threats especially for companies in developing countries such as Korea. Globalization is an opportunity because it may expand the size of market for the company where globalization brings a threat for developing global competitiveness. If the company has already built competitive advantage in its business domain, the company can easily transfer market growth to profit improvement. However, if the company has not developed competitive advantage, globalization of economy will give a serious threat for the survivor of the company. The company might lose its own domestic market share. For the less famous brand of product or company name, international expansion is a challenging strategy. The study evaluated organizational performance of companies that try international expansion by utilizing Miles and Snow's strategy typology. We clustered organizations based on their strategy typology (prospector, analyzer, defender, and reactor) in view of the level of product diversification, new product development instances, level of localization, and autonomy of foreign subsidiary. With the strategy typology, we evaluated international strategy in view of product competitiveness, marketing strategy, human resource strategy, and organizational strategy. The regression result demonstrates that the performance of the company is significantly higher when the company employs prospector strategy. We also found out that product quality and emphasis for developed countries in international expansion are the most important factors for success.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This paper discusses the relationship between debt literacy, peer-to-peer lending, and over-indebtedness in Indonesia. It is essential because the number of loans on this platform continues to increase, both legal and illegal. Data was collected online in collaboration with commercial market research firms, JajakPendapat.net. Debt literacy and over-indebtedness were measured by self-assessment with questions from Lusardi and Tufano (2009a). Questions for debt literacy are about interest compounding, debt interest, and the application of time value of money in payment options. The question for over-indebtedness is about the amount of debt and the conditions resulting from that debt. By using descriptive methods, it is clear that the majority of respondents, both borrowers and non-peer-to-peer lending borrowers are debt illiterate, and those who have poor debt literacy have huge debt. Overall, only 1.85% of the respondents were debt literate. Those who live on the island of Java have better literacy because they are the center of economic growth in Indonesia. Debt from peer-to-peer (P2P) lending also has the potential to create problems, namely over-indebtedness. P2P lending borrowers also have very poor debt literacy. However, there is no difference in debt literacy between P2P lending borrowers and non-P2P lending borrowers.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2022

Purpose - The primary purpose of this study is to verify whether the target set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for reducing carbon emissions from ships can be achieved by quantitatively analyzing the trends in technological advances of fuel oil consumption in the container shipping market. To achieve this purpose, several scenarios are designed considering various options such as eco-friendly fuels, low-speed operation, and the growth in ship size. Design/methodology - The vessel size and speed used in prior studies are utilized to estimate the fuel oil consumption of container ships and the pace of technological progress and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulations are added. A database of 5,260 container ships, as of 2019, is used for multiple linear regression and quantile regression analyses. Findings - The fuel oil consumption of vessels is predominantly affected by their speed, followed by their size, and the annual technological progress is estimated to be 0.57%. As the quantile increases, the influence of ship size and pace of technological progress increases, while the influence of speed and coefficient of EEDI variables decreases. Originality/value - The conservative estimation of carbon emission drawn by a quantitative analysis of the technological progress concerning the fuel efficiency of container vessels shows that it is not possible to achieve IMO targets. Therefore, innovative efforts beyond the current scope of technological progress are required.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.572-593
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• 2022

Crime committed by civilians and criminals using legal and illegal firearms and conversion of legal firearms into illegal ones has become a common practice around the world. As a result, policies to control civilian gun ownership have been debated in several countries. The issue arose because the linkages between firearm-related mortality, weapon accessibility, and violent crime data can imply diverse options for addressing criminality. In this paper, we have projected a mathematical model in terms of the Caputo fractional derivative to address the issues viz. input of legal guns, crime committed by legal and illegal guns, and strict government policies to monitor the license of legal guns, strict action against violent crime. The boundedness, existence and uniqueness of solutions and the stability of points of equilibrium are examined. It is observed that violent crime increases with the increase of crime committed by illegal guns, crime committed by legal guns and, decreases with the increase of legal guns, the deterrent effect of civilian gun ownership, and action of law against crime. Further, legal guns increase with the increase of the limitation of trade of illegal guns and decrease with the increase of conversion of legal guns into illegal guns and increase of the growth rate of illegal guns. Again, as crime is committed by legal guns also, the policy of illegal gun control does not assure a crime-free society. Weak gun control can lead to a society with less crime. Theoretical aspects are numerically verified in the present work.