• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2014

Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of lung cancer is important because it means that EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment is indicated. The purpose of this prospective study is to determine whether EGFR mutation status could be identified with reference to preoperative factors. Materials and Methods: One hundred-forty eight patients with lung cancer (111 adenocarcinomas, 25 squamous cell carcinomas and 12 other cell types) were enrolled in this study. The EGFR mutation status of each lung cancer was analyzed postoperatively. Results: There were 58 patients with mutant EGFR lung cancers (mutant LC) and 90 patients with wild-type EGFR lung cancers (wild-type LC). There were significant differences in gender, smoking status, maximum tumor diameter in chest CT, type of tumor shadow, clinical stage between mutant LC and wild-type LC. EGFR mutations were detected only in adenocarcinomas. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax:$3.66{\pm}4.53$) in positron emission tomography-computed tomography of mutant LC was significantly lower than that ($8.26{\pm}6.11$) of wild-type LC (p<0.0001). Concerning type of tumor shadow, the percentage of mutant LC was 85.7% (6/7) in lung cancers with pure ground glass opacity (GGO), 65.3%(32/49) in lung cancers with mixed GGO and 21.7%(20/92) in lung cancers with solid shadow (p<0.0001). For the results of discriminant analysis, type of tumor shadow (p=0.00036) was most significantly associated with mutant EGFR. Tumor histology (p=0.0028), smoking status (p=0.0051) and maximum diameter of tumor shadow in chest CT (p=0.047) were also significantly associated with mutant EGFR. The accuracy for evaluating EGFR mutation status by discriminant analysis was 77.0% (114/148). Conclusions: Mutant EGFR is significantly associated with lung cancer with pure or mixed GGO, adenocarcinoma, never-smoker, smaller tumor diameter in chest CT. Preoperatively, EGFR mutation status can be identified correctly in about 77 % of lung cancers.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2006

본 연구는 채소류 생산 농가에서 막대한 피해를 주고 있는 해충인 진딧물에 대한 방제효과가 우수한 환경친화적 살충성 미생물 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 살충효과를 갖는 Lecanicilium(Verticillium)속의 우수 균주를 선발하고, 포자생산을 위한 배지를 선정하며, 분자 동정법을 확립하여 새로운 균주 탐색을 위한 기틀을 마련하고자 실시하였다. 새로 동정된 Lecanicillium속 5균주를 이용하여 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)에 살충력 시험과 균주들의 여러 특성들을 조사한 결과, 4078 균주는 실온과 $30^{\circ}C$에서 우수한 살충력을 나타냈으며, $30^{\circ}C$에서 2일 만에 100%의 살충성을 보였다. 한편, 낮은 상대 습도에서 가장 우수한 균주는 RH 85%에서 5일 동안 90%의 살충성을 보인 6543 균주이었다. 이들 4078과 6543균주들의 ITS의 DNA 염기서열(accession no.: 순서대로 EF026004와 EF026005)에 의해 Lecanicillium 종으로 확인되었다. 한편, 미생물 농약 생산에 중요한 포자 생산에 있어서 6543 균주가 4078 균주보다 월등히 우수하였는데, 6543 균주의 살충력이 4078 균주보다는 다소 낮지만, 살충력이 여전히 우수하며 포자생산량이 많고, 회수에도 용이하기 때문에, 미생물농약으로서는 6543 균주가 가장 적합하다고 판단된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 영지버섯 균사 배양 시 헛개나무 추출물의 첨가가 영지버섯의 가나도마난디올의 생합성에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수행하였다. 가나도마난디올은 트리터페노이드 계열의 물질이며 영지버섯의 주요한 생리효능을 가지는 물질 중의 하나이다. 이와 관련하여, 본 연구자들은 선행연구를 통하여 가나도마난디올이 B16F10 멜라노마 세포의 티로시나제 저해 활성 및 멜라닌 생합성 저해능에 우수한 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 영지버섯 균사 배양 시 15% (v/v)의 헛개나무 추출물 첨가하면 영지버섯의 가나도마난디올 생합성이 첨가하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가함을 HPLC분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, 15%(v/v)의 헛개나무 추출물을 첨가한 영지균사 배양추출물의 B16F10 멜라노마 세포에 대한 멜라닌 생합성 억제능이 첨가하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, 영지버섯 균사 배양 시 헛개나무 추출물 첨가가 미백활성을 가지는 가나도마난디올 생합성 증가뿐 아니라, 액체 및 고체 배양시 균사의 생장도 촉진하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 헛개나무가 영지버섯균사의 미백활성 물질인 가나도마난디올 생합성의 증가를 유도하고 이로 인한 영지버섯 균사의 미백 활성이 증가하는 유용한 소재로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2014

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent anti-apoptotic cytokine that enhances immune effector cell functions and is essential for lymphocyte survival. While it known to induce differentiation and proliferation in some haematological malignancies, including certain types of leukaemias and lymphomas, little is known about its role in solid tumours, including breast cancer. In the current study, we investigated whether IL-7 could enhance the in vivo antitumor activity of tumor-reactive $CD8^+$ T cells with induction of IFN-${\gamma}$ in a murine breast cancer model. Human IL-7 cDNA was constructed into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1, and then the recombinational pcDNA3.1-IL-7 was intratumorally injected in the TM40D BALB/C mouse graft model. Serum and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ levels were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. $CD8^+$ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT method. Our results showed that IL-7 administration significantly inhibited tumor growth from day 15 after direct intratumoral injection of pcDNA3.1-IL-7. The anti-tumor effect correlated with a marked increase in the level of IFN-${\gamma}$ and breast cancer cells-specific CTL cytotoxicity. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that IL-7-treatment could augment cytolytic activity of $CD8^+$ T cells from tumor bearing mice, while anti-IFN-${\gamma}$ blocked the function of $CD8^+$ T cells, suggesting that IFN-${\gamma}$ mediated the cytolytic activity of $CD8^+$ T cells. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of $CD8^+$ T lymphocytes by CD8 antibodies reversed the antitumor benefit of IL-7. Thus, we demonstrated that IL-7 exerts anti-tumor activity mainly through activating $CD8^+$ T cells and stimulating them to secrete IFN-${\gamma}$ in a murine breast tumor model. Based on these results, our study points to a potential novel way to treat breast cancer and may have important implications for clinical immunotherapy.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.409-409
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• 2014

Recently hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), III-V compound of boron and nitrogen with strong covalent $sp^2$ bond, is a 2 dimensional insulating material with a large direct band gap up to 6 eV. Its outstanding properties such as strong mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability have been reported to be similar or superior to graphene. Because of these excellent properties, h-BN can potentially be used for variety of applications such as dielectric layer, deep UV optoelectronic device, and protective transparent substrate. Ultra flat and charge impurity-free surface of h-BN is also an ideal substrate to maintain electrical properties of 2 dimensional materials such as graphene. To synthesize a single or a few layered h-BN, chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) has been widely used by using an ammonia borane as a precursor. Ammonia borane decomposes into hydrogen (gas), monomeric aminoborane (solid), and borazine (gas) that is used for growing h-BN layer. However, very active monomeric aminoborane forms polymeric aminoborane nanoparticles that are white non-crystalline BN nanoparticles of 50~100 nm in diameter. The presence of these BN nanoparticles following the synthesis has been hampering the implementation of h-BN to various applications. Therefore, it is quite important to grow a clean and high quality h-BN layer free of BN particles without having to introduce complicated process steps. We have demonstrated a synthesis of a high quality h-BN monolayer free of BN nanoparticles in wafer-scale size of $7{\times}7cm^2$ by using CVD method incorporating a simple filter system. The measured results have shown that the filter can effectively remove BN nanoparticles by restricting them from reaching to Cu substrate. Layer thickness of about 0.48 nm measured by AFM, a Raman shift of $1,371{\sim}1,372cm^{-1}$ measured by micro Raman spectroscopy along with optical band gap of 6.06 eV estimated from UV-Vis Spectrophotometer confirm the formation of monolayer h-BN. Quantitative XPS analysis for the ratio of boron and nitrogen and CS-corrected HRTEM image of atomic resolution hexagonal lattices indicate a high quality stoichiometric h-BN. The method presented here provides a promising technique for the synthesis of high quality monolayer h-BN free of BN nanoparticles.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Recently, the need for a method to cultivate 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin has been increasing. However, there is limited information available as this is a new Satsuma mandarin cultivar, which was bred by the RDA in 2004. Many farmers who cultivate this cultivar follow the cultivation method similar to that used for 'Miyagawa' Satsuma mandarin, and suffer low production of optimum-sized fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to find out the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit for the stable production of high quality 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits in a non-heated plastic film house. Seven-year-old 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin trees were used in the study. Before the treatment, the leaf-to-fruit ratio ranged from 5.7 to 17.9. The treatments included 10, 20, 30, and 40 leaves per fruit. The fruits were removed if over fruiting was observed at day 60 after full bloom. We investigated the fruit size and quality on the day of harvest. Flowering and fruiting patterns in each treatment were recorded for the following year. In the experiments, the flower-to-leaf ratio was 1.12 to 1.74. As the leaf-to-fruit ratio decreased, the fruit size and weight also decreased. Contrarily, the higher the ratio of leaf-to-fruit, the higher fruit size and weight were. It was noted that the ratio of 20:1 was ideal to produce the M grade optimum-sized Satsuma mandarin fruits on the day of harvest. However, higher ratio might result in fruits weighting above 100 g. There was no difference among the treatments in terms of fruit quality, such as total soluble solid contents, titratable acid, and color. In the subsequent years, flowering and fruiting in the treatments were lowered when the leaf number per fruit was 10, but they were improved when the leaf number per fruit was above 20. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit was found to be 20:1 for flowering and fruiting of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin. It is important that optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit is set as a standard to produce good grade and quality of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1519-1529
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• 2016

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase -2 (gelatinase-A, Mr 72,000 type IV collagenase, MMP-2) and -9 (gelatinase-B, Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase, MMP-9) are key molecules that play roles in tumor growth, invasion, tissue remodeling, metastasis and stem-cell regulation by digesting extracellular matrix barriers. MMP-2 and -9 are well known to impact on solid cancer susceptibility, whereas, in hematological malignancies, a paucity of data is available to resolve the function of these regulatory molecules in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and stromal cells of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate mRNA expression and gelatinase A and B secretion from BM-MNCs in vitro and genotypic associations of MMP-2 (-1306 C/T; rs243865), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T; rs3918242), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase -1 (TIMP-1) (372T/C; rs4898, Exon 5) and TIMP-2 (-418G/C; rs8179090) in MDS and AML. Results: The study covered cases of confirmed MDS (n=50), AML (n=32) and healthy controls (n=110). MMP-9 mRNA expression revealed 2 fold increased expression in MDS-RAEB II and 2.5 fold in AML M-4 (60-70% blasts). Secretion of gelatinase-B also revealed the MMP-9 mRNA expression and ELISA data also supported these data. We noted that those patients having more blast crises presented with more secretion of MMP-9 and its mRNA expression. In contrast MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) showed significant polymorphic associations in MDS (p<0.02) and AML (p<0.02). MMP-9 mRNA expression of C/T and T/T genotypes were 1.5 and 2.5 fold increased in MDS and AML respectively. In AML, MMP-2 C/T and T/T genotypes showed 2.0 fold mRNA expression. Only MMP-9 (-1306 C/T) showed significant 4 fold (p<0.001) increased risk with chemical and x-ray exposed MDS, while tobacco and cigarette smokers have 3 fold (p<0.04) risk in AML. Conclusions: In view of our results, MMP-9 revealed synergistic secretion and expression in blast crises of MDS and AML with 'gene' polymorphic effects and is significantly associated with increased risk with tobacco, cigarette and environmental exposure. Release and secretion of these enzymes may influence hematopoietic cell behavior and may be important in the clinical point of view. It may offer valuable tools for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possible targets for the treatments.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2015

참나무와 소나무 목재에서 분리한 Gyrodontium sacchari 균주에 대한 균학적 특성과 목질계 섬유소 분해력을 검정하였다. 균주는 참나무와 소나무 목재에서 분리하였으며 배지는 potato dextrose agar (PDA)에서 가장 생장이 좋았고 생장온도는 참나무에서 분리한 NAAS02335 균주는 $25^{\circ}C$에서, 소나무 목재에서 분리한 NAAS05299 균주는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 우수한 생장을 보였다. 섬유소 분해 효소인 cellulase와 xylanase, amylase의 활성은 G. sacchari NAAS05299 균주가 6.7~12.8배 더 높았으며 리그닌 분해 효소는 G. sacchari NAAS02335 균주가 3.7~138.5배 활성이 더 높았으며 목질계 섬유소를 탄소원으로 첨가하였을 때 효소의 활성은 월등히 증가하였다. 목질계 바이오매스 분해력을 검정한 결과 G. sacchari NAAS05299 균주는 filter paper를 4주만에 완전히 분해하였고 볏짚과 미송, 참나무를 분해하였으나 G. sacchari NAAS02335 균주는 볏짚에서만 분해력을 나타내어 G. sacchari NAAS05299 균주가 더 우수한 바이오매스 분해 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2017

대파 뿌리 열수추출물을 아용하여 유산균의 성장특성과 요구르트의 발효 특성을 조사 하였다. 파 뿌리 열수 추출물은 pH 5.63, 고형분 함량 10%, 환원당함량 1.12 mg/g, 총 폴리페놀 함량 135.09 mg/g, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 45.24%이었다. 추출액을 이용하여 제조한 BHI배지(WR50, WR100)에서 유산균의 성장은 배양 24시간 이후 대조구에 비해 WR100에서 약 1 log cycle 성장이 촉진되었다. 파 뿌리 열수 추출물 원액(WY100), 증류수로 2배 희석한 추출액(WY50) 그리고 증류수(control)에 각각 12% 환원탈지유를 용해시켜 제조한 요구르트의 발효 중 pH는 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 낮아졌으며, 산도 변화 역시 pH 변화와 유사하였다. 점도는 대조구를 제외하고 발효 8시간 이후로부터 급격히 증가하여 발효기간과 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 발효 기간 중 유산균수의 변화는 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높은 생균수를 나타내었으며 발효 24시간 발효 후 각 처리구별 생균수는 8.03(control), 8.77(WY50), 8.84(WY100) log CFU/mL 이었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 종합적 기호도는 추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 각각 3.00(control), 3.50(WY50), 3.17와(WY100)으로 50% 파 뿌리 열수 추출물로 제조한 요구르트의 기호성이 가장 양호 하였다. 추출물로 제조한 요구르트를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 냉장 저장 동안 대조구와 첨가구 모두 pH는 낮아지고 유산균수는 감소하였으나 첨가구의 경우 $10^8CFU/mL$을 유지하였다. 파 뿌리 열수추출물은 요구르트의 발효 및 기능성 개선을 위해 부재료로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the radiological tumor response patterns and compare the response assessments based on immune-based therapeutics Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST) and RECIST 1.1 in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) patients treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Materials and Methods: All mccRCC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors at Henan Cancer Hospital, China, between January 2018 and April 2019, were retrospectively studied. A total of 30 mccRCC patients (20 males and 10 females; mean age, 55.6 years; age range, 37-79 years) were analyzed. The target lesions were quantified on consecutive CT scans during therapy using iRECIST and RECIST 1.1. The tumor growth rate was calculated before and after therapy initiation. The response patterns were analyzed, and the differences in tumor response assessments of the two criteria were compared. The intra- and inter-observer variabilities of iRECIST and RECIST 1.1 were also analyzed. Results: The objective response rate throughout therapy was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.1-67.9) based on iRECIST and 30% (95% CI: 13.6-46.4) based on RECIST 1.1. The time-to-progression (TTP) based on iRECIST was longer than that based on RECIST 1.1 (median TTP: not reached vs. 170 days, p = 0.04). iRECIST and RECIST 1.1 were discordant in 8 cases, which were evaluated as immune-unconfirmed PD based on iRECIST and PD based on RECIST 1.1. Six patients (20%, 6/30) had pseudoprogression based on iRECIST, of which four demonstrated early pseudoprogression and two had delayed pseudoprogression. Significant differences in the tumor response assessments based on the two criteria were observed (p < 0.001). No patients demonstrated hyperprogression during the study period. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the iRECIST criteria are more capable of capturing immune-related atypical responses during immunotherapy, whereas conventional RECIST 1.1 may underestimate the benefit of PD-1 inhibitors. Pseudoprogression is not rare in mccRCC patients during PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and it may last for more than the recommended maximum of 8 weeks, indicating a limitation of the current strategy for immune response monitoring.