• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.737-744
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• 2004

In this study, to evaluate the effect of forest vegetation on the long-term water balance in a watershed, semi-distributed and physically based parameter model, SWAT was applied to the Bocheong watershed, and the variation of hydrological components such as evapotranspiration, surface flow, lateral flow, base flow, and total runoff was investigated with coniferous and deciduous forests, respectively. First, SWAT model was modified to simulate the actual plant growth pattern of coniferous trees which have the uniform value of leaf area index all the seasons of the year. The modified model was applied to the watershed that is assumed to have only one land cover in the whole watershed, and the variation of the water balance components was investigated for each land cover. It was found that coniferous forest affected the increase in evapotranspiration and decrease in runoff more than deciduous forest. However, the age and the density of stand, the location, and soil characteristics and meteorological conditions including the tree species should be also considered to examine the effect more quantitatively and to reduce the uncertainties in simulated output from the hydrological model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.864-866
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• 2014

현대 사회는 모든 분야에서 다양한 분야들의 기술들이 융합되는 사회이다. 농업 분야 또한 다양한 기술들과의 융합으로 생산 관리와 생육관리 등에서도 변화가 요구되고 있다. 하지만 급속히 정보화가 추진되고 있는 다른 분야에 비해 농업분야는 생물을 다루는 분야이기 때문에 발전 속도가 늦다. 하지만 정보화는 어쩔 수 없는 당면 과제이기에 농업 종합 관리 시스템은 꼭 필요한 시스템이다. 현재의 농업 정보화 시스템은 농업관측정보시스템과 농산물 유통 종합정보 시스템 그리고 농축산물 생산 및 수급정보 분석 시스템 등으로 볼 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 시스템은 초기의 기대와는 달리 농업관측 모형이 현실을 제대로 반영하지 못하는 문제점 등이 있어 비효율적으로 운용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 식물의 다양한 생육과 생산 최적화를 위해 RFID 센서를 이용하여, 관리함으로서 적은 노동력과 시간의 소모를 줄이고 소비자가 작물에 대한 다양한 정보를 접할 수 있는 시스템을 연구한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.539-543
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 하도식생의 성장과 소멸 고려한 교호사주의 거동을 분석하였다. 식생의 성장과 소멸은 식생의 밀도에 영향을 준다. 식생이 성장하면 식생밀도가 증가하고 식생이 소멸하면 식생의 밀도 감소한다. 식생이 성장하면서, 교호사주의 이동은 정지되고, 식생대에서 퇴적이 발생하며, 사주의 파고가 증가하였다. 식생의 성장률이 증가하면서 식생대에서 유사는 퇴적되어 사주의 면적은 증가하였으며, 식생이 성장과 사주의 변화과정은 일치하였다. 첨두유출시간의 변화에 따른 사주의 변화와 식생성장률의 변화를 분석하였다. 첨두유출 시간이 짧아서 첨두홍수가 일찍 도달하는 조건에서 사주의 파장은 상대적으로 작고, 하상고의 변화가 작은 특성을 보여주었다. 첨두유출 시간이 길어서 첨두홍수가 늦게 도달하는 조건에서 사주의 파장은 길고, 유사의 퇴적 면적이 증가하였다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.517-525
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• 2013

Time-series data of Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) satellite imagery gives a waveform that reveals the characteristics of the phenology. The waveform can be decomposed into harmonics of various periods by the Fourier transformation. The resulting $n^{th}$ harmonics represent the amount of NDVI change in a period of a year divided by n. The values of each harmonics or their relative relation have been used to classify the vegetation species and to build a vegetation map. Here, we propose a method to estimate the annual amount of carbon absorbed on the forest from the $1^{st}$ harmonic NDVI value. The $1^{st}$ harmonic value represents the amount of growth of the leaves. By the allometric equation of trees, the growth of leaves can be considered to be proportional to the total amount of carbon absorption. We compared the $1^{st}$ harmonic NDVI values of the 6220 sample points with the reference data of the carbon absorption obtained by the field survey in the forest of South Korea. The $1^{st}$ harmonic values were roughly proportional to the amount of carbon absorption irrespective of the species and ages of the vegetation. The resulting proportionality constant between the carbon absorption and the $1^{st}$ harmonic value was 236 tCO2/5.29ha/year. The total amount of carbon dioxide absorption in the forest of South Korea over the last ten years has been estimated to be about 56 million ton, and this coincides with the previous reports obtained by other methods. Considering that the amount of the carbon absorption becomes a kind of currency like carbon credit, our method is very useful due to its generality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2013

This study investigated flora and vascular plants area around Buyongdae where include optimum view point Okyeonjeongsa and Gyeomamjeongsa in Hahoe Village, Andong. Based on the findings, the aim of results was attempted to suggest the management plan of the vegetation area around Buyongdae which designated UNESCO World cultural heritage and folk village in Korea. The results of the study is as the following. All flora of this site, Buyongdae in Andong, were 301 taxa; 89 families, 217 genera, 251 species, 1 subspecies, 38 varieties and 11 forms. Vegetation of each of areas in site was classified Pinus densiflora as representative forest around Buyongdae, Quercus variabilis forest around Gyeomamjjeongsa and Koelreuteria paniculata forest in river cliff of Buyongdae. The 14 taxa(Polygala tenuifolia, Koelreuteria paniculata, and others) as the rare plants and the 7 taxa(Weigela subsessilis, and others) as endemic species were recorded in the surveyed site among the whole flora. The specific plants which is categorized to degree by the Ministry of Environment appeared as 32 taxa; degree IV was 4 species; Polygala tenuifolia, etc. and degree III was 10 species; Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Pyrrosia petiolosa, etc. and degree I was 13 species; Hemiptelea davidii, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, etc. Also, the 11 taxa were recorded in limestone area as the chamaephyte; Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Celtis koraiensis, Siphonostegia chinensis, Artemisia gmelini, and others. The naturalized plants recorded as 25 taxa; Viola arvensis, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc. and invasion of Sicyos angulatus which is ecosystem disturbing plants. The naturalization rate(NR) was 8.3% and the urbanization index(UI) was 7.8% by field survey. For recovery of indigenous to traditional vegetation landscape in Buyongdae, Pinus rigida of upper-growth and Alnus sibirica of middle-growth need thinning. In addition, the site demands both sustainable management through long-term monitering and gradual elimination method for the naturalized plants including Sicyos angulatus where found in Kyumamjeongsa. Particularly, intentional planting for decoration and cultivation around Hwachunseowon, Helianthus tuberosus must be substitute with the native plants. Meanwhile, Polygala tenuifolia is potently demanded preventing habitate, confirming additional habitate, seed securing and preservation of gene resource internally or externally. Koelreuteria paniculata; denoting feature of river cliff, including Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Siphonostegia chinensis, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, Pyrrosia petiolosa, and Celtis koraiensis, also need an assertive preservation. Futhermore, Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda, located around Galmo rock to Chunggil course, remained by colonizing form, need preservation and observation for a while. Beside that, the information boards are required to educate visiting user about safe regulations on the narrow way in rock hill.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.384-398
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• 2015

In this paper, the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting/Noah-MultiParameterization (WRF/Noah-MP) modeling system is configured for the Cheongmicheon Farmland site in Korea (CFK), and its performance in land and atmospheric simulation is evaluated using the observed data at CFK during the 2014 special observation period (21 August-10 September). In order to explore the usefulness of turning on Noah-MP dynamic vegetation in midterm simulations of surface and atmospheric variables, two numerical experiments are conducted without dynamic vegetation and with dynamic vegetation (referred to as CTL and DVG experiments, respectively). The main results are as following. 1) CTL showed a tendency of overestimating daytime net shortwave radiation, thereby surface heat fluxes and Bowen ratio. The CTL experiment showed reasonable magnitudes and timing of air temperature at 2 m and 10 m; especially the small error in simulating minimum air temperature showed high potential for predicting frost and leaf wetness duration. The CTL experiment overestimated 10-m wind and precipitation, but the beginning and ending time of precipitation were well captured. 2) When the dynamic vegetation was turned on, the WRF/Noah-MP system showed more realistic values of leaf area index (LAI), net shortwave radiation, surface heat fluxes, Bowen ratio, air temperature, wind and precipitation. The DVG experiment, where LAI is a prognostic variable, produced larger LAI than CTL, and the larger LAI showed better agreement with the observed. The simulated Bowen ratio got closer to the observed ratio, indicating reasonable surface energy partition. The DVG experiment showed patterns similar to CTL, with differences for maximum air temperature. Both experiments showed faster rising of 10-m air temperature during the morning growth hours, presumably due to the rapid growth of daytime mixed layers in the Yonsei University (YSU) boundary layer scheme. The DVG experiment decreased errors in simulating 10-m wind and precipitation. 3) As horizontal resolution increases, the models did not show practical improvement in simulation performance for surface fluxes, air temperature, wind and precipitation, and required three-dimensional observation for more agricultural land spots as well as consistency in model topography and land cover data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.72-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the germination rates and ground coverage rates of the 16 native wild flower, herbaceous, shrub and woody plants according to temperature and seeding timing for the revegetation and rehabilitation of the roadside slopes. Also, this study was conducted to suggest design criteria to select revegetation plants and to decide proper seed mixture for ecological restoration of the disturbed manmade slopes as a environmentally friendly construction. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Most of the plants germinated after 10~14 days. Woody plants germinated more slowly than wild flowers and herbaceous plants because of the hard seed. 2. Most of the plants showed the highest percentage of the germination rates under $15/25^{\circ}C$ temperature. The next was in order of under the $20/30^{\circ}C$ temperature, normal temperature(October) and $25/35^{\circ}C$ temperature. 3. At the chamber experiment, the Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila showed the highest germination rates. Most of the native wild flowers germinated well and showed high germination rates under the various temperature. 4. As the field germination experiments, the seeding at August shows higher germination rates than that of the seeding at September, but showed lower surviving percentage of the germinated seedlings and lower ground coverage percentage than those of the seeding at September. After one year, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, Albizzia julibrissin are germinated and showed 10% coverage rates. So, they can be used as revegetation plants for the restoration works. 5. As seed mixture experiment, it was not effective only to increase the proportion of the ratio of the tree seeds, relatively high price, for making woody vegetation. It would be more successful to make vegetation structure by natural competition among wild flowers, shrubs and trees. 6. The excessive dominance of trees in revegetation works may destroy the lower layer of vegetation and it will be undesirable on the species diversity. It is more important to recover the species diversity of the plant community by seed mixture with the considering the germination, the growth characteristics and the correlation effect among revegetation plants. 7. To recover the manmade slopes quickly, increasing the ratio of the wild flower was recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to classify the plant species occurring in the saline reclaimed land by saline tolerance. The vegetation of reclaimed land was composed of various plant species from halophyte to glycophyte showing different saline tolerances. In the investigated saline region, reclaimed land of Youngjong island, Inchun city, 175 species belonging to 32 families were found. Our survey was carried out in two region, having different salinity due to different desalinization. The electricalconductivity (EC) of more saline region showed 48.0mS/cm nd the other region showed 13.0mS/cm. It is assumed that intensity of precipitation and runoff of rainfall may cause salinity gradient in the investigated region. The plant species occurred in the experimental region were classified as 72 species of annual, 42 species of biennial, and 61 species of perennial according to life cycle. For knowing relationship between vegetation of saline region and saline tolerance of occurring species, we tested the saline susceptibility of plant species collected at the saline regions. Testing plants were cultured by nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl, the critical concentration of survival in glycophytes. The saline tolerance was graded by the growing capacity in the sand-culture system. The more saline-tolerant species screened by sand culture were Atriplex gmelini, Suaeda asparagoides, Aster tripolium, Suaeda maritima, Salicornia herbacea, and Suaeda japonica. The most saline tolerant family was Chenopodiaceae. Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Brassicaceae showed relatively high tolerance to saline stress. In the course of growth under the high saline condition, the most noticeable change was the darkening of leaves by increasing of chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll contents were increased with saline stress in most species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.57-69
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• 2011

The present paper deals with a research of life form and vegetation of the plants extant in the habitat of endangered Parnassius bremeri in Uiseong, Gyeongsangbuk-do with a view to restore their habitat and create substitute habitats. The research found that there are a total of 130 vascular plants including 47 families, 96 genera, 113 species, 1 subspecies and 16 varieties. In terms of their life form, hemicryptophytes (H) is the majority of dormancy form with 41 species or 31.54%, while $R_5$ is majority of radicoid form with 72 species or 55.38%, gravitational disseminule form ($D_4$) is majority among the disseminule forms with 68 species or 52.31% and erect type (e) is majority of growth form with 57 species or 43.85%. Major constituents of the habitat are Sedum kamtschaticum, Selaginella tamariscina, Orostachys japonica, Arundinella hirta, Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii, Themeda triandra var. japonica, Carex humilis, Indigofera kirilowii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Festuca ovina, Artemisia capillaris, etc., all of species which are in the initial stage of succession and show simultaneously features characteristic of vegetation on the rock. In the habitat 1. Sedum kamtschaticum- Selaginella tamariscina community and Pinus densiflora community are distributed whereas, in the habitat 2. Sedum kamtschaticum-Selaginella tamariscina community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Carex humilis community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii community and Sedum kamtschaticum-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community are growing and in the habitat 3. Sedum kamtschaticum-Selaginella tamariscina community, Selaginella tamariscina community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Indigofera kirilowii community and Quercus acutissima community are seen distributed there, too. Typical of food plants growing in the habitat is Sedum kamtschaticum, found mostly in the rocky area and its surroundings. Absorption plants are those that usually bloom in the season when imagoes emerge. From the research, it becomes evident that the blooming season of Sedum kamtschaticum, obviously a food plant, corresponds exactly to the emergence timing of imagoes. Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Rosa multiflora, Erigeron annuus, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora are found to belong to these plants.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.501-507
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• 2000

Distribution and habitat characteristics of Zostera (Zosteraceae) in the eastern coast of Korea were examined along with plant monohology, sediment composition and physicochemical factors of seawater from June 1998 to July 2000, The results showed that three species, Zostera marina, Z. asiatica and Z, caespitosa were found in specific habitats. The depth of habitat for Z. asiatica was deeper ($8.5{\~}15.0 m$) than that of Z. marina ($1.3{\~}5.6 m$) and Z. caespitosa ($3.2{\~}5.2 m$). Z. marina beds were observed at brackish-water, port and inner bay with the sediment type of sand or muddy sand. Habitats of Z. asiatica were restricted to the open bay with the sediment type of sand, Zostera have been described with regard to different growth forms of vegetation, flowering shoot and life history. Vegetation and flowering shoot length varied significantly with habitats; values ranged $66.8{\~}110.0 cm$ and $128.0{\~}217,8 cm$, respectively. Morphology of Z. marina varied with water depth and different substrates. Morphological characteristics of Z. asiatica showed a new phenotype at the deeper water depth. Vegetation and flowering shoots of Z. caespitosa were not significantly different between study sites (values ranged from 64.9 cm to 70.3 cm). Nutrient concentrations of seawater were higher at southern part than at middle part of the eastern coast of Korea. Distribution of Zostera in the eastern coast of Korea was dependent upon differences in water depth and habitat environments, by which affected the morphological differences were affected.