• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2008

In this review, we discuss the genes and the related signal pathways that regulate aging and longevity by reviewing recent findings of genetic longevity models in rodents in reference to findings with lower organisms. We also paid special attention to the genes and signals mediating the effects of calorie restriction (CR), a powerful intervention that slows the aging process and extends the lifespan in a range of organisms. An evolutionary view emphasizes the roles of nutrient-sensing and neuroendocrine adaptation to food shortage as the mechanisms underlying the effects of CR. Genetic and non-genetic interventions without CR suggest a role for single or combined hormonal signals that partly mediate the effect of CR. Longevity genes fall into two categories, genes relevant to nutrient-sensing systems and those associated with mitochondrial function or redox regulation. In mammals, disrupted or reduced growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling robustly favors longevity. CR also suppresses the GH-IGF-1 axis, indicating the importance of this signal pathway. Surprisingly, there are very few longevity models to evaluate the enhanced anti-oxidative mechanism, while there is substantial evidence supporting the oxidative stress and damage theory of aging. Either increased or reduced mitochondrial function may extend the lifespan. The role of redox regulation and mitochondrial function in CR remains to be elucidated.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 1998

토끼 수정란의 전핵에 MT-hGH 유전자를 주입하고 핵이식 기법으로 형질전환 복제수정란의 생산효율과 PCR 검색으로 복제수정란에서 유전자존재 여부를 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. MT-hGH 유전자를 주입하여 8- 및 16- 세포기로 자란 수정란을 공핵란으로 사용하여 핵이식을 실시하였던 바, 세포융합률은 각각 60.0%, 62.8% 로 비슷하였으나 정상수정란을 공급핵으로 사용한 80.4% 보다 유의적으로 낮은 융합률을 보였다. 그러나 이들 복제수정란의 체외발달률은 처리군간에 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 2. 유전자 주입 후 8- 및 16- 세포기로 자란 수정란의 할구를 이용하여 핵이식으로 복제하고 체외에서 배반포까지 자란 수정란을 PCR -screening으로 유전자를 검출한 결과, 각각 23% 와 33% 의 유전자 양성 수정란을 감별하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.750-756
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• 2010

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of two Chinese herbal polysaccharides, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), and one Chinese herbal saponin, Acantbepanax senticosus saponin (ASS), on the immunity and growth performance of weaned pigs. Experiment 1 was a 14-day growth assay, in which 32 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; ii) 0.05% APS; iii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight; and iv) 0.05% mixture of APS, ASS, and ABPS in a ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. Blood samples were collected on day 14 to determine plasma parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were also determined. Experiment 2 was a 21-day immunity assay, in which 16 weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; and ii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight. On day 21, pigs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 3 h later blood samples were collected and analyzed for lymphocyte proliferation as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. In Experiment 1, feeding Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin increased growth performance of the pigs. The effects of the mixture of APS and ASS were especially notable, as there was a significant improvement in growth performance compared with the control (p<0.05). The plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG), nitric oxide (NO), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were increased in all treatments groups, with the mixture of APS and ASS increasing the level of IgG and NOS significantly (p<0.05), compared with the control. There was no difference in the NO level between the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin showed immunostimulating effects. The level of cortisol, GH, and IGF-I were significantly increased (p>0.05), and the level of IL-6 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the APS and ASS treatment after the LPS challenge. The mixture of APS and ASS could stimulate the blood lymphocyte proliferation significantly whether the LPS was injected or not (p<0.05). These results show that Chinese herbal extracts can improve growth performance and stimulate immunity of weaned pigs. A mixture of APS and ASS, compared with APS alone, could be a new kind of immunostimulant for weaned pigs, which could result in greater positive effects on their growth performance and immunity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2006

목 적 : 소아 수모세포종은 수술과 중추신경계 방사선조사 그리고 항암화학요법의 병합치료로 장기 생존율의 향상을 가져왔으나 성장호르몬결핍을 포함한 여러 내분비적 장애가 잘 발생하기에, 본 저자들은 수모세포종 치료 후 내분비적 장애와 성장변화를 관찰하고 해당 호르몬 치료의 성과를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 1986-2004년까지 서울대학교병원에서 수모세포종 치료를 마친 후 소아내분비 외래를 방문한 37명(남아 24명, 여아 13명)을 대상으로 내분비 장애와 성장변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 성장속도가 4 cm/yr 미만인 환자 중 16명에서 성장호르몬자극검사가 시행되었고 14명(전체환자 중 37.8%)이 성장호르몬결핍증으로 진단받았으며(완전 5명, 부분 9명), 2명의 환자는 신경분비장애로 의심되었다. 성장호르몬결핍증 환자군과 성장호르몬결핍이 없는 군 모두에서 방사선치료 전후의 키 표준편차 점수는 모두 유의한 감소를 보였으며(P<0.001), 성장호르몬결핍이 있는 12명과 신경분비장애가 있는 1명의 환자에게서 성장호르몬 치료를 시작하였다. 치료 전 골연령은 $9.3{\pm}4.7$세로 역연령에 비해 2.1세 저하되어 있었다. 치료 전 성장속도는 $3.4{\pm}1.2cm/yr$에서 1년째 $5.4{\pm}2.9cm/yr$로 유의하게 증가하였으나 키표준편차점수는 치료 전과 치료 후 유의한 변화가 없었다. 전체 37명 중 12명(32.4%)이 일차성 갑상선기능저하증으로 갑상선호르몬 치료를 받았다. 또한 다른 6명(16.2%)에서는 보상성 갑상선기능저하증이 의심되었다. 1명의 환자에서 방사선 치료종료 7년 후에 갑상선암이 발생하여 갑상선 전절제술을 시행 받은 후 갑상선호르몬을 복용 중이다. 성선자극호르몬결핍 1명(2%), 성선부전증이 2명(4%) 진단되었다. 결 론 : 수모세포종 치료 후 대부분 성장장애가 관찰되며 주로 성장호르몬결핍증과 척수방사선조사 등에 기인한다. 성장호르몬결핍증과 갑상선기능저하증 및 다른 내분비적 장애가 발생할 수 있으므로 지속적인 정기 추적 관찰 및 적절한 치료가 필요하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2012

본 연구는 비만과 노화가 동시에 유발된 흰쥐에서 12주간의 트레드밀 운동과 L-arginine의 투여가 복부지방량, GH, IGF-I, somatostatin, fibrinogen, PAI-1에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고 이를 개선하는데 더욱 효과적인 방법을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 단독 처치 군과 복합 처치 군으로 나누어 실험하여 그 효과를 비교, 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 복부지방량은 통제집단에 비해 모든 집단에서 유의하게 감소하였다($p$<0.01). 2. AG+EX, AG+LA+EX집단에서 통제집단에 비해 GH의 혈중 농도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다($p$<0.1). 3. AG+EX, AG+LA+EX집단에서 통제집단에 비해 IGF-I의 혈중 농도가 유의하게 증가하였다($p$<0.01).

• 약학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

Biologically active peptides, including growth factors and cytokines, participate in various biological processes in human skin. They could provide a great advantage of maintaining healthy skin. Many peptide growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and human growth hormone (hGH) have been used in cosmetic formulations. The delivery of peptide growth factors across the Stratum corneum, however, seems not sufficient because of their physical properties such as high molecular weight and hydrophilicity. So increasing the penetration of growth factors of interest into skin would be a major concern for ensuring their maximum biological efficacy. In this study, we have identified several skin penetration-enhancing peptides which facilitate delivery of growth factors, when fused at N-terminus of the target protein, into skin. For efficient and rapid screening, we constructed a skin-penetrating assay system using Franz cell and porcine skin. Next, we carried out phage display screening using M-13 bacteriophage with random 12 -amino acid library on its coat protein P3 on that system. After several selection rounds, peptide sequences facilitate the penetration of phages through the porcine skin were identified from a large population of phages. We found that phages with the most potent peptide (S3-2, NGSLNTHLAPIL) could penetrate the porcine skin eight times more than those with control peptide (12 mino acids scrambled peptide). Furthermore, growth factors conjugated with S3-2 peptide penetrate porcine skin three to five times efficiently than non-conjugated growth factors. In conclusion, our data shows that the skin penetration-enhancing peptide we have characterized could increase the delivery of growth factors and is useful for cosmeceutical application.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of herbal medicine on bone growth and growth factors by collecting and analyzing domestic and foreign experimental research papers to establish a platform for future research. Methods Experimental studies published before March 2021 were searched using 7 Korean databases and 2 foreign databases. Among the numbers of studies searched, 48 experimental studies met the criteria and were selected. The results of those 48 studies upon herbal medicine administration were analyzed by bone growth, growth plate, weight. Results 23 studies mainly used monotherapy of either Astragali Radix and Cervi Parvum Cornu. 28 studies used combination of Poria Sclerotium, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, and Acanthopanacis Cortex. Among all studies selected, weight, bone growth, Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Growth hormone (GH) were increased, but the increase was significant only in some of the studies. Conclusions The result of this study can be utilized as a background information for further studies and treatment in pediatric growth. Further randomized control studies are needed to underscore the finding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2000

An experiment was carried out to study plasma levels of hormones and metabolites of crossbred Holstein cattle during late pregnancy (28 days pre partum), early lactation (30 days post partum), mid-lactation (120 days post partum) and late lactation (210 days post partum). Two breed types of Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (50:50 = 50%HF) and Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (87.5:12.5 = 87.5%HF) were divided into four groups of four animals each. Two groups of each breed were fed with either rice straw treated with 5% urea or pangola hay (Digitaria decumbens) as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. There were a substantial increases in the mean levels of total triiodothyronine ($T_3$), insulin and glucagon at the onset of lactation, and maintained in a high levels during lactation advance for all groups of experiments. The mean levels of prolactin and thyroxine ($T_4$) were not significantly different among groups of animals, but the plasma cortisol concentration was slightly higher in both groups of 50%HF in comparison with those of 87.5%HF animals. The mean levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) of both groups of 87.5%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw markedly rose in the early period of lactation and markedly reduced in mid- and late lactation. These changes were accompanied with changes of milk yield. In contrast to 50%HF animals, plasma GH levels were considerably higher in the late pregnant period than in the early period of lactation and it remained constant as its value at the early lactation throughout the experimental period. The high levels of both plasma progesterone and estradiol concentration significantly declined after parturition and remained low through lactating period. The plasma glucose level in the 50%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw was higher than the 87.5%HF animals in all periods of experiments. Changes in plasma FFA levels of both types of crossbred animals were depended on the endocrine status during late pregnancy and lactation. The levels of plasma FFA of 50%HF animals were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of 87.5%HF animals during late pregnancy. Both plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate concentrations were not affected by feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw during late pregnancy and lactation. These data demonstrate that there were no differences in the physiological performances in the same crossbred animals fed either hay or urea treated rice straw. The 87.5%HF animal has the genetic potential for a high milk yield and homeorhetic adaptation for mammary function differed from 50%HF animals during periods of lactation. Altering lactation persistency in 87.5%HF is regulated mainly by chronically acting growth hormones through the period of lactation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.651-654
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• 1999

재조합 인성장호르몬을 사용하여 in vitro 재접힘 공정(풀림, 희석에 의한 공기 중 산화, 그리고 투석)을 수행하였다. 표면소수성이 풀림-재접힘 공정에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 형광값의 변화를 통하여 알 수 있었다. 변성제의 intermediate 농도는 Urea와 Gu-HCl 경우 하나의 peak로 SDS와 Sarkosyl의 경우 두개의 peak로 나타났다. 형광값의 변화 중 특이한 점은 Urea의 경우 공기 중 산화와 투석 중의 후반부에 형광값이 증가한다는 것이다. 따라서 공기 중 산화도중 형광값이 증가하기 전에 투석을 시킨 결과 형광값이 증가를 막을 수 있었다. 아직 이 원인에 대해 자세히 알 수 없지만 계속 실험 중에 있다. 이번 실험에서 표면소수성 변화와 연관시켜 fluorescence를 이황화결합에 의한 산화된 형태를 알아보기 위한 방법으로 RP-HPLC를 마지막으로 단백질의 2차원적인 구조를 알아 보기 위해 CD를 사용하였다. CD측정 결과 Gu-HCl보다 SDS의 경우 ${\alpha}$-helices의 파괴가 더 많음을 볼 수 있었다. 재접힘된 rhGH는 본래의 2차원적 구조의 90%이상을 얻을 수 있었다. 이 실험이 기지는 의의는 이 모든 실험결과를 토대로 단백질 재접힘을 모니터링 하였다는 점이다. 즉, 형광값의 변화를 통하여 형광값이 증가하는 것은 표면 소수성이 증가함을 보이는 것으로 단백질의 풀림이 일어난 것이고 3차원적 구조가 깨지고 2차원 구조를 알아 볼 수 있는 ${\alpha}$-helices의 감소를 의미하였다. 이와는 반대로 형광값이 감소하는 것을 통해 재접힘이 일어남을 알 수 있었고, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 단백질의 재접힘 공정의 변화과정을 형광값을 통하여 모니터링 할 수 있었다. 또한 이 실험의 목적 단백질은 rhGH이지만 다른 단백질에 적용이 될 경우 단백질 재접힘 과정을 수시로 모니터링하고 상태를 예측할 수 있으므로 산업현장에서 소량의 sample로 재접힘 상태를 쉽고 빠르게 판단할 수 있을 것이다. 단백질 재접힘 과정에서 이러한 개념의 성공적 도입은 단백질 회수 수율을 높임으로써 생물분리공정 분야의 기술 발전에 이바지 하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogen-like environmental endocrine disrupter, on the placental function and reproduction in rats. The mRNA levels of the placental prolactin-growth hormone(PRL-GH) gene family, placental trophoblast cell frequency and reproductive data were analyzed. Methods : The pregnancies of F344 Fisher rats ($160g{\pm}20g$) were detected by the presence of the copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear, which marked Day 0 of pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with a sesame oil vehicle. The two remaining groups were injected with 50 or 500 mg/kg B.W/day of BPA, resuspended in sesame oil, on either days 7 to 11 or 16 to 20 of pregnancy, with the rats sacrificed on either day 11 or 20, respectively. The mRNA levels of PRL-GH and Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The hormone concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and the frequency of the placental trophoblast cells observed by a histochemical study. Reproductive data, such as the placental weight and litter size, were surveyed on day 20. The fetal weight was surveyed for 4 weeks after birth. A statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1). Results : The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH gene family, such as placental lactogen I, Iv and II, prolactin like protein A, C and Cv, and decidual prolactin-related protein were significantly reduced due to BPA exposure. The mRNA levels of the Pit-1a and b isotype genes, which induce the expression of the PRL-GH gene family in the rat placenta, were also reduced due to BPA exposure. The PL-Iv and PL-II concentrations were reduced in the BPA exposed group. During the middle to last stage of pregnancy (Days 11-20), a high dose of BPA exposure reduced the frequency of spongiotrophoblast cells, which are responsible for the secretion of the PRL-GH hormones. Reproductive data, such as the placental and fetal weights and the litter size, were reduced, but that of the pregnancy period was extended in the BPA exposed compared to the control group. Conclusions : BPA disrupts the placental functions in rats, which leads to reproductive disorders.