• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.400-405
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between the growth of abalone and the presence of epibionts was investigated in abalone cultured in Goheung, Jeollanam-do, where there are severe problems high water temperatures and attachment. The experiment was conducted for eight months (May-December 2020), and 40 abalone were collected every month. Water temperature was at its highest at a range of 13.5℃-26.6℃ and dissolved oxygen levels were at their lowest at a range of 4.0-10.2 ㎍/L in August. The shell height (mm) of abalone grew to 117.7% (81.8 ± 1.9 mm) in cultures where epibionts were removed (ER) and 111% (77.4 ± 3.3 mm) where they were not (non-epibionts, NER). Their total weight (TW) and body weight increased significantly and steadily with ER, whereas the TW increased sharply after August with NER. In the condition index, no significant difference was observed between ER and NER. The monthly proportion of epibionts increased significantly in July, accounting for the value of 69.9% reached in December.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2013

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been considered a microaerophile. However, we recently reported that, when supplied with 10% $CO_2$, Hp growth is stimulated by an atmospheric level of $O_2$, suggesting that Hp is a capnophilic aerobe. In this study, we investigated the effects of aerobic $O_2$ tension on Hp cells by comparing gene expression profiles of cultures grown under microaerobic and aerobic conditions in the presence of 10% $CO_2$. The results showed that overall differences in gene expression in Hp cells grown under the two $O_2$ conditions were predominantly growth-phase-dependent. At 6 h, numerous genes were down-regulated under the aerobic condition, accounting for our previous observation that Hp growth was retarded under this condition. At 36 h, however, diverse groups of genes involved in energy metabolism, cellular processes, transport, and cell envelope synthesis were highly up- or down-regulated under the aerobic condition, indicating a progression of the cultures from the log phase to the stationary phase. The expression of several oxidative stress-associated genes including tagD, katA, and rocF was induced in response to aerobic $O_2$ level, whereas trxA, trxB, and ahpC remained unchanged. Altogether, these data demonstrate that aerobic $O_2$ tension is not detrimental to Hp cells but stimulates Hp growth, supporting our previous finding that Hp may be an aerobic bacterium that requires a high $CO_2$ level for its growth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5897-5905
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• 2015

This paper investigates the differentials in productivity and growth performance between small and medium size and large size firms in Korean manufacturing industries. According to the empirical analysis based on the Mining and Manufacturing Survey of Statistics Korea, this paper finds the following facts. First, the level of contribution of capital deepening on the growth rate of output(value added) is relatively greater in the small and medium size firm group, while the level of contribution of total factor productivity on the growth rate is relatively greater in the large size firm group. Second, the productivity polarization among the firms has increased relatively greater in the large size firm group over the past decade.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.459-475
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• 2009

This paper presents analytical methodologies for remaining life prediction of plain concrete structural components considering tension softening and size effects. Non-linear fracture mechanics principles (NLFM) have been used for crack growth analysis and remaining life prediction. Various tension softening models such as linear, bi-linear, tri-linear, exponential and power curve have been presented with appropriate expressions. Size effect has been accounted for by modifying the Paris law, leading to a size adjusted Paris law, which gives crack length increment per cycle as a power function of the amplitude of a size adjusted stress intensity factor (SIF). Details of tension softening effects and size effect in the computation of SIF and remaining life prediction have been presented. Numerical studies have been conducted on three point bending concrete beams under constant amplitude loading. The predicted remaining life values with the combination of tension softening & size effects are in close agreement with the corresponding experimental values available in the literature for all the tension softening models.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43.3-44
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• 2015

We analyze the clustering of large scale structure in the Universe in a model independent method, accounting for anisotropic effects along and transverse to the line of sight. A large sample of 690,000 galaxies from The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopy Survey Data Release 11 are used to determine the Hubble expansion H, angular distance D_A, and growth rate GT at an effective redshift of z=0.57. After careful bias and convergence studies of the effects from small scale clustering, we find that cutting transverse separations below 40 Mpc/h delivers robust results while smaller scale data leads to a bias due to unmodelled nonlinear and velocity effects. The converged results are in agreement with concordance LCDM cosmology, general relativity, and minimal neutrino mass, all within the $68{\backslash}%$ confidence level. We also present results separately for the northern and southern hemisphere sky, finding a slight tension in the growth rate -- potentially a signature of anisotropic stress, or just covariance with small scale velocities -- but within $68{\backslash}%$ CL.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

This paper investigate the determinants of investment for a cross-section of firms in emerging market. I examine three factors expected to affect investment: debt ratio, growth rate, and industry. I find that debt ratio and ICT firms are positively associated with investment in emerging market. I also find that ICT firms with high debt ratio have higher net capital expenditures. While the growth rate is unrelated to net capital expenditures. Unlike the evidence from the developed markets, debt ratio has significant and positive impact on investment (net capital expenditures) in the emerging market.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.130-139
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to grasp the profitability of coffee franchise companies using ROIC tree, ROA and ROE. As a result, ROA was using assets efficiently, and some companies are in desperate need to improve their management based on past brand recognition, and a new paradigm management strategy is urgently required. In particular, the franchise company's current cost burden is greater than comparable firms. In ROE, the capital was operating efficiently. Since ROIC is very difficult to classify business related and operating related amounts accurately based on financial statement information, there is a limit to accurate ROIC calculation. Therefore, ROIC is estimated to be 7.6~38.29% as of 2016 based on ROIC calculation. In the case of continuous growth companies, investments are made to improve steady sales, but some companies seem to be unable to escape from past paradigm. In order to continue the growth of the company beyond the accounting profit in the future, the ROIC Tree can be used to measure the subdivided management performance and propose efficiency plan.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.5 s.176
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• pp.1331-1342
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• 2000

In power generation systems a variety of structural components typically operate at high temperature and pressure. Therefore a life assessment methodology accounting for gradual creep fracture is increasingly needed for these components. The most critical defects in such structure are generally found in the form of semi-elliptical surface cracks in the welded tubular joints. Therefore the analysis of a semi-elliptical surface crack in a plate or a shell is an important problem in engineering fracture mechanics. On this background, via shell/line-spring finite element analyses of such surface cracks in the welded T and L joints under various loadings, we investigate J-integral along the crack front We first develop T and L joints auto mesh generation program providing ABAQUS input file composed of shell/line-spring finite elements. We then further develop a T and L joints life assessment program based on the experimental creep crack growth law and auto mesh generation program in a graphical user interface format Finally the remaining life of T and L joints for various analytical parameters are assessed using the developed life assessment program.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.649-672
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• 2012

The government established Special Accounts for Balanced National Development in 2005, and the Metropolitan Council has enacted and executed ordinance relevant to special accounts to relieve regional unbalanced growth and to promote regional balanced growth. This study derived a political implication through the comparison analysis of the background of establishment and its purpose, the selection criteria of support target, finance scale and tax revenue finance, appropriation target and finance distribution, etc. on the basis of Chungcheongnam-do Special Accounts for Balanced Development and Jeollabuk-do Eastern part Special Accounts among the special accounts implemented in metropolitan council. The major conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the transition from the concept of balanced development to specialized development is necessary for the development of distressed region. Second, the pure wastefulness ratio of the local government's tax revenue finance of special accounts designed concentrating upon special accounts for Wide-area Autonomous Communities development should be gradually expanded. Third, Special Accounting budget should be supported to promote specialized development through the selection and concentration centering around comparatively advantageous resource within the region. Fourth, the strategic special accounts budget application system of cities and counties to utilize the projects of the government and the province to achieve the goal of cities and counties should be prepared.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates what factors contribute to corporate investments under financial constraint condition in the Korean stock market. In the paper, tangible assets' growth rate and fixed assets' growth rate were employed as investment performance and total assets were also used for comparison purpose. Research design and methodology - Samples are constructed by manufacturing firms listed on the stock market of Korea as well as those who settle accounts in December from 2001 to 2018. Financial institutions are excluded from the sample as their accounting procedures, governance and regulations differ. This study adopted a fixed panel regression model to assess the sample construction including yearly and cross-sectional data. Results - This results support the literatures that major shareholders showed positive significance to investment in financially unconstrained firms and no significance to investment in financially constrained firms. ROA showed positive significance to investment in financially unconstrained and constrained firms, whereas firm size showed negative significance to investment in financially unconstrained and constrained firms. Debt showed no positive significance to investment in financially unconstrained firms and negative significance to investment in financially constrained firms. Conclusions - This paper documented evidence that ROA and firm size are important factors to investment irrespective of firms' financial constraints. And this paper also supports that major shareholders give positive impact to investments in financially unconstrained firms. This means that financial constraints itself rule corporate' investment decision in financially constrained firms.