• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.554-561
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• 2022

자율운항선박 관련 기술개발이 전 세계적으로 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나, 통신, 사이버 보안, 긴급대처능력 등 기술적으로 해결되지 못한 문제들이 아직 많이 남아있기 때문에, 자율운항선박이 상용화되기까지는 많은 시간이 필요할 것으로 예상된다. 이 연구에서는 기술적으로 완전하지 않은 자율운항선박의 대체 방안으로 한 척의 리더 선박과 여러 척의 추종 선박을 하나의 그룹으로 묶어 항해하는 선박 그룹항해시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템에서는 리더 선박이 항행을 개시하면 추종 선박은 리더 선박의 항행 경로를 자율적으로 추종하며, 경로 추종을 위해 PD 제어를 적용하였다. 또한, 각 선박들은 충돌방지를 위해 안전거리를 유지하면서 일직선 형태로 항해한다. 선박 간의 안전거리유지는 속력 제어를 통해 구현된다. 선박 그룹항해시스템의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션에 사용된 선박은 관련 데이터가 공개되어 있는 KVLCC2의 L-7 모델이며, 선박조종운동에는 일본조선학회에서 제안한 MMG standard method를 사용하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 리더 선박은 미리 정해진 항로를 따라 항해하였으며, 추종 선박은 리더 선박의 경로를 따라 항해하였다. 세 척의 선박은 시뮬레이션 중 일직선 형태를 유지하였으며, 선박 간 안전거리를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서 제안하는 선박 그룹항해시스템은 자율운항선박의 문제점들을 해소하는 항행시스템으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.129-134
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• 2004

Author presented some study with a title of "automatic control for ship collision avoidance system" in previous papers. The paper reported the tread of the study, un-sloved issues and outcome of the study. In this paper, some additional results will be reported. The first is the algorithm of avoidance of group ship that is one of the un-sloved issues. The algorithm is useful when a ship takes an avoiding action toward group fish boats and approaching group merchant vessel. The second is unified model for calculating ship collision risk. The collision risk changes with various meet type of ships. Therefor newly-developed model is suggested to take into account of these situations. Finally simulation is carried out to verify suggested algorithm and model in various ship encounter situations..

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.447-458
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present the basic guidelines for preventing human error by measuring and analyzing the risk of collision perceived by the ship operator in the collision risk situation by using Korea Coast Guard patrol ships. Background: In the last 5 years, 97.5% of the causes of ship collision occurred at the sea was caused by human factors. However, the rate of marine accidents due to human error has not been reduced yet. Experiments and researches on the ship operators using the ships in actual operation are rarely performed. Method: Using two K.C.G Ships on the sea, the ship measured by 30 persons who are the subject of the ship (ship operator) when both ships approach and the relative distance gradually decreases in four encounter situations, perceived ship collision risk (PSCR) data were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results: The age and boarding career of the ship operator in the situation of ship collision risks encountered a negative impact on perceived collision risk in all four opposing encounter situations S1 ($000^{\circ}$), S2 ($045^{\circ}$), S3 ($090^{\circ}$) and S4 ($135^{\circ}$) respectively. That is, the higher the age of the ship operator, the lower the perceived risk of collision and the lower the age, the higher the risk of collision. Also, there was a difference between the average of group A (20~30 years) and group B (40~50 years) according to age of the ship operators at $000^{\circ}$, $045^{\circ}$ and $090^{\circ}$ and there was no difference at $135^{\circ}$. The mean difference of the experience of boarding career was also significantly different between group A (less than 4 years) and group B (more than 5 years), but there was no significant difference at $135^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The results showed that age and boarding career of the ship operators had negative impact on perceived collision risk and there was a difference in perceived risk of collision according to age and abundance of boarding career. As a result, by focusing on the ship operators who are in the age group of 20~30 years old and have less than 4 years of experience in boarding the ship. It is expected that the effect of prevention of marine accidents can be expected by avoiding collision avoidance. Application: The results of this study can be used as policy data of related organizations to prevent human error of ship operators and as training data of training institutes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 1967

Circulatory and respiratory activities were observed in men exposed to the environment of engine room of a cruising Republic of Korea Navy ship and compared to the control values obtained in an ordinary laboratory room on land. The environment of an engine room of cruising navy ship was presumed to be a multiple stress acting on men. The environment of the engine room included high temperature $(35-42^{\circ}C)$, low relative humidity (20-38% saturation), vibration (about 7 cycles per second), rolling and pitching of ship and noises. Sixteen men were divided into two groups consisted of each 8 subjects. Subjects of sea duty group had experience of continuous on board duty averaging 3.5 years. Men of land duty group had no experience of on board activity. On land observations were made on one day prior to the boarding and leaving the port and four days after landing. In between observations in the engine room were made on the first, 5 th, 9 th, 12 th, and 14 th day of on board activity. The whole experimental period lasted for 20 days. Measurements on circulatory and respiratory parameters were at standing resting state (after 30 minutes standing in the case of on land study and 15 minutes in engine room study) and within one minute after cessation of on the spot running of which rhythm was 30/min. and lasted for 5 minutes. Oxygen consumption and pulmonary function test were done in the period of two minutes from the 3rd to 5th minutes of running. The following results were obtained. 1. Body temperature showed no change regardless of group difference or on land or on board measurements. 2. Pulse rate increased markedly after boarding the ship id both groups. Pulse rate increased from the first day on board at rest and after exercise as compared to the on land control value. This increase in pulse rate was more marked after exercise. Sea duty group showed less increase in pulse rate at rest than the land duty group. Standing and resting pulse rate of sea duty group on lam was 81 and increased to 87 at the 5th day on board and remained smaller than the land duty group throughout the period on board. Control standing and resting pulse rate of land duty group on land was 76 and reached 89 at the 9th day on board and thereafter decreased a little. Pulse rate of land duty group at rest on board remained greater than that of sea duty group throughout the period on board. 3. Systolic blood pressure of sea duty group increased after boarding the ship and remained higher than the control value on land. In the land duty group, however, systolic blood pressure decreased during the period on board the ship. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups. 4. Resting breathing rate of land duty group increased and remained higher than the control value on land. In sea duty group, however, resting breathing rate showed a transient increase on the 1st day on board and decreased thereafter to the control value on land and kept the same level throughout the period of cruise. Absolute value of breathing rate in the sea duty group was greater than the land duty group both at rest and after exercise. 5. There was a lowering of breathing efficiency in both groups. Thus, increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation volume and decreases in maximum breathing capacity, vital capacity, capacity ratio and air velocity Index were observed after boarding the ship. An increase in ventilation equivalent was also observed in both groups. The lowering of breathing efficiency was more marked in the land duty group than the sea duty group. 6. Energy expediture increased in both groups during their stay on the ship and was more marked in the sea duty group. 7, Lactate concentration in venous blood at rest and after exercise increased after boarding the ship and no group difference was observed.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

This study aims to introduce missile live-fire during the ship operational test and evaluation(T&E) as a means of verifying the integrated combat capability(ICC) of various systems installed on naval ships. The research method identified domestic and foreign T&E systems and cases, and reports related to ICC, which were written during the ship's design stage. As a result of research, Republic of Korea is not conducting the missile live-fire at the ship T&E stage due to the lack of relevant systems, while the U.S. is conducting it based on the mission-based T&E and the end-to-end test system. As a way to improve within the current domestic ship acquisition systems, the reaction time analysis, a quantitative analysis result of ICC calculated at the ship basic design stage, was proposed to be verified by missile live-fire during ship operational T&E.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.231-255
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• 2012

선박조직은 육상과 일정기간 격리된 상황에서 육상조직과의 커뮤니케이션을 업무를 수행하고 있으므로, 해상-육상간의 커뮤니케이션이 중요하다. 그런데 해운기업의 육상조직과 선박조직 사이에는 육상조직의 일방적 커뮤니케이션의 문제점과 부정적 결과들이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 선박조직과 육상의 선박관리 부서 간에 이루어지는 커뮤니케이션과 갈등의 문제를 선박조직과 육상부서 양쪽 집단을 대상으로 진단하고 분석하여 객관적이며 종합적으로 규명해 보고자 하였다. 해운기업의 선박조직과 육상 선박관리 부서간의 커뮤니케이션에 따르는 부정적 영향으로서 집단 간 갈등에 주목하여 커뮤니케이션과 집단 간 갈등의 수준과 갭을 측정하여 이들의 관계를 규명하고, 집단 간 갈등이 선박조직의 조직몰입과 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 선박조직과 육상부서의 상대집단과의 커뮤니케이션 활성화 정도는 상대집단과의 집단 간 갈등에 통계적으로 유의미한 부(-)의 영향을 미치며, 상대집단에 대한 집단 갈등은 선박조직의 조직몰입과 직무만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 양쪽 집단의 커뮤니케이션과 집단 간 갈등의 갭 분석에서 있어서는 커뮤니케이션이 모두 활성화되어 인식 차이가 적은 그룹에서 집단 간 갈등의 인식 수준이 낮았으며, 집단 간 갈등의 인식차이가 낮은 그룹의 선박조직 조직몰입도와 직무만족도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 해운기업의 선박조직과 육상의 선박관리부서는 양쪽 모두의 원활한 커뮤니케이션을 통해 상대집단과의 갈등을 줄이고 선박조직 구성원의 조직몰입도와 직무만족도를 제고하여야 할 것이다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2008

In the present paper, the regulatory compliance on the report responsibility relating to marine pollution prevention working plan for ship recycling in accordance with the Marine Environment Management Law in Korea was examined. In addition, plans to raise the regulatory compliance based on the results of the regulatory compliance questionnaire survey and interview between the concerned parties were suggested. The result of the regulatory compliance revealed that the degree of regulatory compliance of all groups is 52.7%, the government official group is 56.5%, marine industry related group is 48.6% and ship recycling group is 48.6%. Counterplans to raise the regulatory compliance, such as public relations for the ship recycling and marine industry related group and the development of simple standardized report form were suggested based on the results of the regulatory compliance survey.

• Journal of Hydrospace Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1996

It is normal practice to consider bending wave modes only, when one applies SEA (Statistical Energy Analysis) to ship structures because of complexities in SEA modeling and evaluation of coupling loss factors for inplane modes. According to the result of Tratch[1], the inplane wave modes becomes important for the analysis of a foundation structure as the distance from the source and receiver increases. In this paper, the effect of inplane wave modes on structure-borne noise propagation in ship structures is presented. It is shown that the inplane wave could increase the noise level more than 10 dB compared with the results without inplane wave modes at high frequency bands for compartments far from the source location.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2004

본 연구에서는, 충돌회피지원을 위한 자동제어에 관하여 새롭게 얻은 몇 가지 성과에 대하여 소개하려고 한다. 그 내용의 첫 번째는 그 동안의 기존 연구에서 해결되지 못하였던 집단 선박의 충돌 회피 이론이다. 이 이론은 선박이 무리를 지어 있는 어선 군을 만났거나, 혹은 무리를 지어 접근하는 선박군에 대한 충돌회피 동작에 유용한 알고리즘이다. 피항동작을 계산하는 단계에서 새로운 알고리즘을 적용한 모델을 적용하여 그 유용성을 설명하였다. 두 번째로는 충돌위험도 계산의 통합화 모델 제시이다. 선박의 경우 유지선, 피항선, 추월선, 피추월선 등 상대 선박과의 다양한 조우 상황에 따라, 항해사의 느끼는 위험도 그리고 피항 의무 등에 조금씩 차이가 있다. 이러한 현상을 반영하기 위하여, 충돌회피 동작에 사용하는 위험도 계산을 수행할 때, 조우상황에 따라 적절히 차별을 주는 모델을 제시하였다. 마지막으로는 이렇게 제시된 모델을 이용하여 다양한 상황에 따라 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증해 보고, 그 유효성을 살펴보았다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.645-656
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• 2020

In this study (Part II), the empirical formulation of corrosion model of a ship's ballast tank was developed to predict nonlinear time-dependent corrosion wastage based on the advanced data processing technique proposed by Part I. The detail on how to propose generalised mathematical formulation of corrosion model was precisely documented in the previous paper (Part I). The statistical scatter of corrosion data at any exposure time was investigated by the refined method and formulated based on a 2-parameter Weibull distribution which selected the best fit PDF. Throughout the nine (9) steps, empirical formulation of the ship's seawater ballast tank was successfully proposed and four (4) key step results were also obtained. The proposed method in Part I was verified and confirmed by this application of seawater ballast tank, thus making it possible to predict accurate behaviours of nonlinear timedependent corrosion. Developed procedures and obtained corrosion damage model for ship's seawater ballast tank can be used for development of engineering software.