• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2011

The present study investigated the nuclear remodeling, development potential with telomerase activity and transcription level of X-linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in the bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using two different fusion and activation methods. Female adult fibroblasts were injected into perivitelline space of in vitro matured oocytes. The oocyte-nucleus complexes were fused and followed by immediately either activated (Group 1), or activated at 1 h post-fusion (hpf) (Group 2), respectively. The incidence of normal premature chromosome condensation (PCC) at 1 hpf was slightly increased in the Group 2, compared to those of Group 1, but there was no significant (p<0.05) difference. The incidence of normal pronucleus (PN) and chromosome spread at 5 and 18 hpf were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Group 2 than those of Group 1. The cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cell numbers were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Group 2, compared to those of Group 1. Level of telomerase activity was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the SCNT blastocysts of Group 2, compared to those of Group 1. Transcript levels of HPRT, MeCP2 and XIST were not significantly (p<0.05) different between blastocysts of Group 1 and 2. However, transcript level of ANT3, RPS4X, XIAP and ZFX were significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated in the SCNT blastocysts of Group 2, compared to those of Group 1. Taken together, it is concluded that oocyte activation at 1 hpf induces the enhanced developmental potential by efficient nuclear remodeling and subsequent facilitation of the nuclear reprogramming of bovine SCNT embryos.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.217-230
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess the 24-hour shear bond strength of amalgam to glass ionomer cement, using five different intermediaries. The intermediaries used in this study were Scotchbond 2 (light curing dentin adhesive), Panavia (resin cement), liquid' of glass ionomer cement (chemical curing & light curing), and uncured mixture of light curing glass ionomer cement. This study was operated with 48 specimens devided into 6 groups. The experimental groups are as follows: Group 1 : Bonded Amalgam to chemical curing glass ionomer cement with liquid of chemical curing glass ionomer. Group 2 : Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with liquid of chemical curing glass ionomer. Group 3: Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with resin cement. Group 4: Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with light curing dentin adhesive. Group 5: Bonded Amdlgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with liquid of light curing glass ionomer. Group 6: Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with uncured mixture of light curing glass ionomer cement. 30 minutes after amalgam condensation, all specimens were stored for 24 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron (1122). The following results obtained: 1. The shear bond strength of group 6 was higher than those of the other groups (46.7 kgf/$cm^2$, p<0.05). 2. The shear bond strength of resin cement intermediary group was lower than that of the group using uncured mixture of light curing glass ionomer cement. 3. The results of group 1 and group 2 were different, even though the inter-me diaries used were same. 4. Intermediary of Group 5 did not show complete set in Scanning Electromicroscopic examination. 5. Light-curing dentin adhesive did not show any bonding ability to amalgam.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.596-608
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical leakage and adaptation to the dentinal wall of a glass ionomer root canal cement(Ketac-Endo) with those of AH-26 and Tubli-Seal. 102 single-rooted teeth were insrumented with step-back technique and randomly divided into four groups according to kinds of root canal cements: Ketac-Endo, AH-26, Tubli-Seal, and no root canal cement. Four experimental groups were as follows; Group 1 : Filling with gutta-percha and Ketac-Endo Group 2 : Filling with gutta-percha and AH-26 Group 3 : Filling with gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal Group 4 : Filling with gutta-percha without root canal cement All the specimens were obturated with lateral condensation technique, and stored in 100% humidity for 4 days. 20 teeth in each group were placed in centrifuge tube filled with India ink, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. And they were evaluated for linear dye leakage using a stereoscope and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. 22 teeth were split longitudinally and evaluated the adaptation to the dentinal wall using scanning electron microscope(4 teeth in each group) and stereoscope(2 teeth in 1, 2, 3 group). The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In case of not used root canal cement(Group 4), there was showed much degree of dye penetration comparerd with used root canal cements (Group 1, 2, 3)(P<0.01). 2. In the case of used root canal cements(Group 1, 2, 3), there was no significant difference in linear leakage in groups(P>0.01). 3. In the case of used root canal cements(Group 1, 2, 3), there was showed intimate adaptation to the dentinal wall independent on kinds of root canal cements. 4. Fractured surfaces indicated failure of cohesion in Ketac-Endo, and failure of adhesion to dentine in AH-26 and Tubli-Seal. 5. According to similar apical leakage and adaptability to the dentinal wall to another root canal cements, it is possible to be used glass-ionomer cement as root canal cement.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2012

본 연구는 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 resveratrol의 apoptosis 유발 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해 연구되었다. Cell viability 결과 농도 유의적으로 감소하였으며, DAPI stain에서는 농도 의존적으로 chromatin condensation이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. Resveratrol은 p53, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9의 발현을 증가시켰지만, PI3K/Akt의 발현은 시간 의존적으로 감소시켰다. In vivo 실험에서는 resveratrol의 종양 억제 효과를 확인하였다. 50 mg/kg 투여한 군에서 종양의 크기가 대조군에 비해 감소하였으며, TUNEL assay를 통해 apoptosis cell을 관찰한 결과 50 mg/kg 투여한 군에서 많이 관찰되었다. 면역조직화학 염색을 통해 50 mg/kg 투여한 군에서 p53, cytochrome-C, cleaved-caspase-3의 발현이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 봤을 때 resveratrol이 MDA-MB-231 세포에 apoptosis를 유발하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.986-990
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• 2004

Condensation of salicylaldehyde $(2-HOC_6H_4C(O)H)$ with allylamine afforded the unsaturated salicylaldimine, $2-HOC_6H_4C(H)=NCH_2CH=CH_2$. Similar reactivity was observed with substituted salicylaldehydes. Further reaction of these Schiff bases with palladium acetate or $Na_2PdCl_4$ afforded complexes of the type $PdL_2$, where L = deprotonated Schiff base. The molecular structure of the parent salicylaldimine palladium complex $[trans-(2-OC_6H_4C(H)=NCH_2CH=CH_2)_2Pd]$ (1) was characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. Crystals of 1 were monoclinic, space group $P2_1/n,\;a\;=\;14.0005(9)\;{\AA},\;b\;=7.2964(5)\;{\AA},\;c\;=\;17.5103(12)\;{\AA},\;{\beta}\;=\;100.189(1)^{\circ}$, Z = 4. Analogous chemistry with 4-vinylaniline also gave novel palladium complexes containing a pendant styryl group. Crystals of $[trans-(2-HOC_6H_4C(H)=N-4-C_6H_4CH=CH_2)_2Pd]$ (4) were monoclinic, space group $P2_1/c$, a = 13.7710(14) ${\AA}$, b = 11.0348(11) ${\AA}$, c = 7.8192(8) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}\;=\;98.817(2)^{\circ}$, Z = 2.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2002

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) prepolymers were prepared by the condensation polymerization of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and succinic atid (SCA) in the presence of titanium (VI) isoproxide(TPI) catalyst. The PBS prepolymers reacted with 1,4-BD or SCA to obtain hydroxyl or carboxylic acid group terminated PBS. High molecular weight linear or branched PBS was synthesized by a coupling reaction between hydroxyl and carboxylic acid group terminated PBS, or by a branching reaction between carboxylic acid group terminated PBS and glycerol as a branching agent. The weight average molecular weight of the prepared linear or branched PBS was in the range of 100,000-220,000. Both melting point and thermal stability of the high molecular weight linear and branched PBSs were somewhat higher than those of general PBS. From a tensile behavior by Instron test, modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break improved with increase in the molecular weight of the prepared PBS through the coupling or the branching reaction. In particular, the high molecular weight linear PBS had about 2.5 times higher value in modulus than the branched one.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.404-411
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• 2011

The humidity controlling ceramic materials was developed by applying the phenomena of dew condensation in the capillary. It is said that the humidity range which human feels comfortable is from 40 to 70% in relative humidity. In this study, the ceramic tile using natural soils such as diatomite for interior wall was investigated. In particular, we had introduced novel processing routes for fabricating microcellular ceramics tile using hollow microsphere as a pore former. The microcellular pores in the humidity controlling ceramic materials showed the superior properties such as light-weight, heat insulation. The cell density was ${\sim}1.0{\times}10^9$ cells/$cm^3$ and density of sample was 0.65 g/$cm^3$ in the case of 1.71 wt% hollow microsphere content. Also, it is observed that the BET surface area and the pore volume of the sintered diatomite tile have the values of 40.92 $m^2$/g and 0.173 $cm^3$/g.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tricalcium phosphate and Vitapex on the dogs' periapical tissues. Twenty mandibular premolars from 5 healthy dogs were used for this study. After the animals were anesthetized intramuscularly, pulp chambers were open and pulp tissue was extirpated with a barbed broach and H-file. Then the working length of the root canal was measured with H-file and pulp tissue was completely removed. Before the actual canal filling, the root canals of twenty teeth have been experimentally infected with opening the pulp chamber for 5 weeks. Periapical radiographs of the experimental teeth were taken to monitor the periapical pathological condition. Each root apex of 20 premolars was perforated with engine reamer and the root canals were enlarged with No. 30-60 H-files. They were divided into treated as follows. Control group: The root canal was filled with gutta-percha. Experimental group 1: The canal was dried with sterile paper points and mixture of tricalcium phosphate and physiological saline was overfilled beyond the root apex with a lentulo spiral. Then the root canal was filled gutta-percha and lateral condensation and the pulp chamber was filled with Caviton. Experimental group 2: The root canals were overfilled with Vitapex and were treated in the same manner as those in experimental group 1 At 1,2,3, and 8 weeks after experiment, the periapical tissues including the alveolar bone were fixed with 10% formalin solution for I week and decalcified with Plank-Rycho solution for 5 weeks. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and serial sections were cut into a thickness of 6 ${\mu}m$ at the plane of the root apex. Hematoxyline-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain were made for the histo-pathological examinations. The results were as follows: 1. Ingrowth of collagen fiber was observed from 1 week in control group and experimental groups. 2. The rate of bone formation of experimental group 1 was accelerated more than that of experimental group 2. 3. Resorption of cementum was seen in control group, but apposition of cementum was seen in experimental groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of canal preparation on the property of apical seal. Seventy canals from extracted human maxillary and mandibular teeth were randomly selected and divided into two groups: conventional group and step-back group. Thirty five canals in one group were enlarged with a, conventional preparation method and thirty five canals in the other group were instrumented in a step-back method with K-file. After instrumentation sixty canals were obturated by lateral condensation of gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol cement, and five canals in each group were not filled and used as control. All the specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution and the depth of dye penetration into the canals were observed by macroscope at the intervals of 1 day, 2 days, and 7 days. The following results were obtained. 1. All the canals experimented showed varying degrees of dye penetration. 2. There was no significant difference between conventional method and step-back method in the depth of dye penetration and the degree of dye penetration tended to increase with time passage in both groups. 3, In conventional preparation group the mean dye penetration was 3.6mm at 1 day, 4.8mm at 2 days. and 6.5mm at 7 days. 4. In step-back prepareation group, the specimens exposed to the dye for 1 day showed mean dye penetration of 4.1mm, and the specimens immersed in the dye for 2 days and 7 days revealed mean dye penetration of 4.6mm and 6.2mm respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

Objective: The present study investigated sperm chromatin quality and testosterone levels in acrylamide-treated mice and the possible protective effects of vitamin E on the fertility potential of spermatozoa. Methods: Thirty-two adult male mice were divided equally into four groups. Group 1 was the control, group 2 received acrylamide (10 mg/kg, water solution), group 3 received vitamin E (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and group 4 received both acrylamide and vitamin E. After 35 days, spermatozoa from the right cauda epididymis were analyzed in terms of count, motility, morphology, and viability. Sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were assessed by acridine orange (AO), aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), and chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining. Results: In acrylamide-treated mice, significantly lower sperm concentration, viability, motility, and testosterone levels were found in comparison with the control and acrylamide+vitamin E groups (p< 0.05). In the vitamin E group, significantly more favorable sperm parameters and testosterone levels were found than in the other groups (p< 0.05). There were also significantly more spermatozoa with less condensed chromatin in the acrylamide-treated mice than in the other groups. Moreover, significantly more spermatozoa with mature nuclei (assessed by AB, CMA3, AO, and TB staining) were present in the vitamin E group than in the control and acrylamide+vitamin E groups. Conclusion: This study revealed the deleterious effects of acrylamide on sperm parameters and sperm chromatin quality. Vitamin E can not only compensate for the toxic effects of acrylamide, but also improve sperm chromatin quality in mice.