• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.547-559
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to : a)determine the percentage of labor activities expen-ded in various work functionsof hospital foodservice b)estimate the labor time utilized in each work functions c)investigate the overall work patterns of hospital foodservice and d)provide the basic data for effective labor control This study was conducted in two hospitals with 1300 and 1200 ed capacities and every employees of the dietary department were included in 10days work measurement. Work sampling methodology developed by Donaldson and Ostenso was modified and used for observing overall activities of hospital dietary department. Consistency of data and observa-tion period were verified by 3$\delta$ control chart and control chart. Observed data were satisfied with confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of $\pm$0.05, The results of this study were as follows: 1) The direct work function indirect work function and delay were 74.8%, 9.2%, 16.0% respectively with A hospital and 82.2% 7.2%, 10.6% respectively with B hospital 2) The productivity indices of direct work indirect work and delay were 9.05 min/meal 1.12 min/meal 1.94 min/meal respectively and total 12.11 minutes were utilized per meal served in A hospital and 10.72 min/meal 0.94 min/meal 1.38 min/meal respectively and total 13.04 minutes were utilized per meal served in B hospital 3) Full time equivalent(FTE) utilized in daily work of irect work indirect work and delay were 62.24 men 7.69 men 13.35 men respectively in A hospital and 64.09 men 5.63 men 8.22 men respectively in B hospital. 4) The contents of work activities of each employee group showed that delay time of the service personnel group was more than any other employee groups in both A hospital and B hospital 5) Examination of daily work schedule by time intervals showed that transportation work function was carried out all day so it is necessary to improve this work.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the association between level of physical activity and depressive symptoms among Korean male workers. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and anthropometric measurements were conducted with 1,379 male workers during a general health check. From this data, we identified the general characteristics, levels of physical activity(IPAQ), and depressive symptoms(CES-D) of the study population. We conducted univariate logistic regression to verify the variables that affect depressive symptoms and multivariate logistic regression to calculate odds ratios. Results: Among the 1,379 male workers, 43.4% were in the insufficiently active group(IPAQ category 1) and 22.8% were in the depressive symptom group($CES-D{\geq}16$). The odds ratio(OR) for depressive symptoms was statistically higher in the insufficiently active group, workers aged over 30, the shift work group, and the unmarried group. Adjusted for those variables, the ORs for depressive symptoms were found to be 1.45(95% CI=1.25-2.11), 1.15(OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.08-1.99) and 1.75(95% CI=1.48-2.02), for the insufficiently active group, workers aged over 30, and the shift work group, respectively. Conclusions: We found physical inactivity, age, marital status, and shift work to be associated with depressive symptoms among male workers. This study supports the suggestion that physical activity can be helpful to reduce depressive symptoms among workers.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1043-1058
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• 2009

This study concerns with the effects of group projects performed by the students in college math classes. The study result shows that 61% of the students get more self-confidence and interest in mathematics through working projects. In addition, the result reveals that one of the essential factors for successful college mathematics class is to provide a strong motivation for learning to students. For effective teaching through group projects, this paper suggests that 1) the number of students in the class be 20 or less, 2) the projects group be consisted of two members, 3) the instructor should select proper problems to students' level from extra-textbooks, 4) the problems should be interesting, positive and challenging, 5) each group should take only one problem, 6) the groups be provided with enough references and materials, 7) each student in the group be cared to feel importance and necessity of mathematics and cooperative work, 8) the students should work with math joyfully, 9) the instructor remind the students that we live with mathematics in real life, 10) 2-month be a necessary and appropriate term in working projects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.336-351
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the effects of music therapy activities using preferred music on job stress, work engagement and flourishing of reporters in broadcasting company. The study targets 51 reporters in S city, with the experimental group consisting of 20 reporters from A broadcasting company and the control group composed of 31 reporters from A newspaper company. The experimental group voluntarily listened to preferred music at least three times a day for two weeks, while the control group did not perform any activities. For data analysis, the job stress scale, work engagement scale, and flourishing scale scores of each group were collected right before and after the experiment, and the results of the analysis were as follows. First, the experimental group's job stress decreased, and significant score differences were also shown in comparison with the control group. Second, work engagement also increased by a noticeable difference. Third, in the case of flourishing, the after experiment's average value rose slightly, but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this research offered implications for the need for a music therapy activity program to recover from reporters' job stress circumstances and discussed the need for further research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.3999-4008
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• 2012

This study investigated the symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorder(WMSDs) for physical therapists who have different work duties. We analyzed the symptoms in the musculoskeletal system and the degree of work-harmfulness by the survey of the symptom in the musculoskeletal system and rapid upper limb assessment(RULA) for pain control group(n=56), adult exercise group(n=53), and pediatric exercise group(n=22). As a result, 69.6% of the pain control group, 84.9% of the adult exercise group, 81.8% of the pediatric exercise group show the observable symptom. The adult exercise group has the biggest work load per hour in the final wrist & arm score of the ergonomic risk assessment using RULA. The action level of the pain control group is $3.0{\pm}0.9$; the Action Level of adult exercise group is $3.3{\pm}0.6$; the Action Level of the pediatric exercise group is $3.2{\pm}0.8$, and so it is shown that the adult exercise group has a problem of working posture. It is considered that devices and education system for preventing from WMSDs should come into wide use.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.319-334
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• 1995

To investigate the risk factors of low back pain, an epidemiological study was carried out among male workers aged 20-55 employed in an automobile industry in Korea during the time period from February 1993 to October 1995. Workers participated to this study were divided into low back pain group(LBP) and control group, according to the self-reports by written questionnaires. General characteristics, medical history, work related factors, fatigue, and MMPI were compared between two groups. To clarify the relationship between job related low back pain and radiologic features of lumbar spine, radiographic study was carried out. The resultant data were processed for $x^2-test$, t-test, and stepwise logistic regression to confirm the adjusted odds ratios. The results were as follows: 1. History of back disease, lifting and carrying work, excessive physical fatigue, and weakend back strength of individual workers were directly associated with low back pain. Odd ratios of these 4 risk factors of low back pain were 5.07, 3.34, 1.49, and 1.22 respectively. 2. The frequency of low back pain history was significantly higher in LBP group. 3. Back muscle strength of lumbar spine of LBP group were significantly lower than control group. 4. The workers in LBP group revealed high fatigue symptoms. 5. In MMPI test LBP group showed higher scales in hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania. 6. LBP group were more frequently involved in lifting and carrying, working in awkward position, bending, twisting and using lower extremities. 7. LBP group were exposed more to vibration during working. 8. In the Analysis of radiographs of lumbar spine, Jacob's line not crossing fourth lumhar disc space, transitional vertebrae and lumbar displacement more than 4.4mm in standing lateral view were more frequently observed in LBP group than control group. Through these results, it is concluded that identification of previous history of back problem, change of work or working environment for workers with previous back problem and measures to relieve both physical and psychological fatigue of the workers are required for optimal management of work-related back problems among workers. In the present study, several results were different from the previous reports: Jacob's line not corssing fourth lumbar disc space, lumbarization, and vertebral slipping (spondylolisthesis) more than 4.4mm are related to backache. Meticulous studies are required to elucidate the difference.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.418-427
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• 2015

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between work related characteristics and hypertension among white collar workers in Korea. Materials and methods: This study was based on the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS) conducted in 2011 among workers 15 years of age or older. The total number of individuals included in the analysis was 10,365 white collar workers. Results: The prevalence rate of hypertension was 3.7% among men and 1.0% among women. In multiple logistic analysis the adjusted odds ratio showed statistically effective association to hypertension. For work related characteristics, 1.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.46) resulted for large-company workers compared with the small-company group, 2.14 (95% CI, 1.22-3.75) for the long working hours group (61 or above) compared with short working hours group(52 or below), 1.78(95% CI, 1.08-2.95) for night shift workers compared with day workers, and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.18-2.01) for high job stress workers compared with low job stress workers. Conclusions: This study showed that it is important for workers to manage their work environment in order to prevent hypertension by modifying their types of work.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2003

ThruBook is a collaborative work platform based on ebook documents, supporting synchronized group work sessions. Using this platform, users can participate in a group session based on a same ebook, and share group actions synchronously. In this paper, we consider annotations as all kinds of additional data on ebooks, including bookmarks, memos, and figures. Also, model shared actions such as sharing/navigating these annotations. As a result, we could model all collaborative actions as annotations, and propose a collaborative work model as communicating annotation objects between session participants. This approach implemented in ThruBook platform could easily model shared actions in collaborative systems. The collaborative work platform implemented in ThruBook can be applied to other types of collaborative work systems.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

Purpose - The intent of this research is to discover the factors that enhance innovative work behaviors of group members in order to strengthen the competitiveness of small enterprises. In addition, we verify that employee job characteristic factors have an influence between antecedent variables and dependent variables in the work situations at small companies. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is focused on identifying the factors, such as self-efficacy, leader member exchange (LMX), and collective efficacy, which promote innovative work behaviors. A total of 305 valid questionnaires were collected. Results - The results of a path analysis showed that LMX did not have significant effects on task significance, and autonomy did not have significant effects on innovative work behavior. Conclusions - These findings of the study imply that even though leaders supported the groups in accordance with official procedures by placing group members within or outside certain groups, task identity perceived by group members was not impacted. In addition, autonomy given to those with relatively less capability might be a burden rather than a positive outcome.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the groups of nursing college students according to their work preference, into 4 groups according to their internal and external motivation level and to identify differences in creative leadership and self-efficacy according to group differences. The main research results are as follows. First, four groups(All, INT, EXT, NOT) with different levels of motivation according to work preference showed a significant difference in creative leadership (p<.01). The group with the highest creative leadership was the group with both internal and external motivation high, while the lowest group was the group with both internal and external motives low. Second, the difference of self-efficacy according to work preference type showed significant difference according to the level of internal and external motivation(p<.05). This result shows that creativity has a bipolar structure as studied by Amabile and that external motivations can play a synergistic role in the expression of creativity.