• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제36권10호
• /
• pp.179-196
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial status of Korean elderly households to make a financial plan for retirement preparation. The sample obtained from 1997 KHPS, consisted of 326 households of 55-64 aged and 210 households of 65 and over aged. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies, percentile, univariate analysis and logistic analysis. And Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to compare the financial status. The results could be summarized as follows. First, total income, total expenditure, total debt and net worth of 55-64 aged group were higher than those of 65 and over group, while total asset of 55-64 aged group was similar to 65 and over group's Second, total expediture to total imcome ratio(R1) and total asset to total debt ratio(R4) of 55-64 aged group were higher than 65 and over group's, but net worth to minimum cost of living ratio(R2) and financial asset to monthly expenditure ratio(R3) of 65 and over group were higher than 55-64 aged group's . Third, R4's Gini coefficient was the highest and R1's Gini coefficient was the lowest among all Gini coefficients. Also, R1's and R4's Gini coefficients of 55-64 aged group were greater than 65 and over group's. ourth, variables affecting R1's stability of 55-64 aged group were household head's age, educatonal attainment and family type, while those of 65 and over group were household head's age, past economic experience and the number of children. There was no significant variable affecting R2's stability of 55-64 aged group, but there was only household head's pst economic experience affecting those of 65 and over group. The variable contributing to R3's stability of 55-64 aged group was residence while the variables of 65 and over group were household head's educational attainment, past economic experience and the number of children. The variables contributing to R4's stability of 55-64 aged group were the number of children and residence, and the number of children was one variable of contributing to R4's stability of 65 and over aged group.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.359-370
• /
• 2019

Grouping structures in covariates are often ignored in regression models. Recent statistical developments considering grouping structure shows clear advantages; however, reflecting the grouping structure on the quantile regression model has been relatively rare in the literature. Treating the grouping structure is usually conducted by employing a group penalty. In this work, we explore the idea of group penalty to the quantile regression models. The grouping structure is assumed to be known, which is commonly true for some cases. For example, group of dummy variables transformed from one categorical variable can be regarded as one group of covariates. We examine the group quantile regression models via two real data analyses and simulation studies that reveal the beneficial performance of group quantile regression models to the non-group version methods if there exists grouping structures among variables.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제37권12호
• /
• pp.13-28
• /
• 1999

This study aimed to analyze the process of courtship form having date and marriage toward women who had job before marriage. The objects were 27.36 years old and had 9.59 months marital life at average. This study conducted structured questionnaires using the reflection of spouse selection procedure. By using collected data through questionnaires, it conducted descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and t-test. The type of marriage would be divided into the emotional marriage group and the implemental marriage group The emotional marriage group had longer dating time and more satisfaction of spouse selection than the implemental group. On value variable, the emotional marriage group had more subjective selection standard and more expectation social and emotional benefit than the latter group. On search variable, the emotional marriage group estimated the relation stability and satisfied the relation with spouse more than the implemental marriage group and expected the less possibility to meet new partner.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2016년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.267-268
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of backward walking. The subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental group of 16 subjects and a control group of 17 subjects. All subjects walked barefoot for twenty minutes on the treadmill (HM50EX, Daeho, Korea) for five times per week for total four weeks. The average gait velocities of subjects were 3 km/h on a slope of 10%. The experimental group walked back and the control group walked forward. The experimental group showed significant increments in variable of medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, step length, velocity compared to the pre-intervention results. In addition, the control group showed significant increments in the anterior-posterior, velocity compared to the pre-intervention results. Significant differences in the post-training gains in variable of anterior-posterior, step length, velocity were observed between the experimental group and the control group. There were positive effects of backward walking on their gait and balance ability after intervention.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2008

This study examines the statistical relationship between medical specialists and managerial performance, using regression analysis with the number of medical specialists per 100 beds as the independent variable and the managerial performance index as the dependent variable. Managerial performance index incorporated the number of out-patients per specialist, the number of in-patients per specialist, the volume of revenue per specialist, the number of beds per specialist, and the average length of stay. To compare different groups of hospitals, dummy variable was applied to five groups of hospitals according to size: 100-299 beds, 300-599 beds, 600-899 beds, 900-1199 beds, and more than 1200 beds. The data consisted of 181 general hospitals with more than 100 beds, which included 28 public hospitals, 73 corporate hospitals, 64 university hospitals and 16 private hospitals. Of those, 87 hospitals were located in big cities and 94 hospitals in medium to small cities. This study used hospitals from the Korean Hospital Association, and data published in 2004. The collected data sample was analyzed using the SPSSWIN 12.0 version, and the study hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: Hypothesis 1 predicting a negative effect of the number of medical specialists on the number of out-patients per specialist was supported with statistical significance. The analysis of dummy variable showed causality in all the hospital groups larger than the group of 100-299 beds. Hypothesis 2 predicting a negative effect of the number of medical specialists on the number of in-patients per specialist was supported with statistical significance. The analysis of dummy variable showed causality in the hospital group of 300-599 beds when compared to the group of 100-299 beds. Hypothesis 3 predicting a negative effect of the number of medical specialists on the volume of revenue per specialist was not supported. However, the analysis of dummy variable showed that the volume of revenue per specialist increased in the hospital groups of 600-899 beds, 900-1199 beds, and over 1200 beds, when compared to the group of 100-299 beds. Hypothesis 4 predicting a negative effect of the number of medical specialists on the average length of stay was supported with statistical significance. The analysis of dummy variable showed causality in the hospital group of 300-599 beds, when compared to the group of 100-299 beds. Results of this study show that the number of the medical specialists per 100 beds is an important factor in hospital managerial performance. Most hospitals have tried to retain as many medical specialists as possible to keep the number of patients stable, to ensure adequate revenue, and to maintain efficient managerial performance. Especially, the big hospitals with greater number of beds and medical specialists have shown greater revenue per medical specialist despite the smaller number of patients per medical specialist. Findings of this study explains why hospitals in Korea are getting bigger.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2000

One stream of the GDSS(Group Decision Support System) research is to investigate how GDSS affects decision performances of small groups according to task types, support features, meeting facilitation modes and meeting environments. But little study has investigated the effects of group member characteristics on group decision processes and outcomes depending upon whether GDSS is provided or not. To date, most GDSS studies have not controlled group member characteristics(e,g. personality, sex, decision style) in laboratory experiments. However, this study included the decision styles of group members as an independent variable. Therefore, this study investigated how differently members of two different decision styles perceive the use of GDSS in small group meetings through lab experiments. The two decision styles are feeling(F) style and thinking(T) style. We found that the effect of GDSS is a function of individual's decision style only in the communication thoroughness variable. The decision style is a statistically significant factor that can mediate the effects of the group support technology on the perceived communication thoroughness. Specifically, the GDSS is positively related to participants' perception about satisfaction on decision process, goal achievement, communication thoroughness, degree of influence-outward and effort for achieving meeting goals.

• 로봇학회논문지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2016

A variable release torque-based compliance spring-clutch (VCSC) is presented. VCSC is a safe joint to reduce the impact of collisions between humans and robots. It is composed of four functional plates, balls, springs to make some functions in compliant movement, release mechanism, gravity compensation during its work. Also, it can estimate torque applied to a joint by using distance sensor and parameters of cam profile. The measured variable torque of prototype is 4.3~7.6 Nm and release torque is 4.3 Nm. In our future studies, a calibration for torque estimation will be conducted.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.691-712
• /
• 1998

We consider an M$_1$, M$_2$/G/1/ K retrial queueing system with a finite priority queue for type I calls and infinite retrial group for type II calls where blocked type I calls may join the retrial group. These models, for example, can be applied to cellular mobile communication system where handoff calls have higher priority than originating calls. In this paper we apply the supplementary variable method where supplementary variable is the elapsed service time of the call in service. We find the joint generating function of the numbers of calls in the priority queue and the retrial group in closed form and give some performance measures of the system.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.99-118
• /
• 2021

The participants in this study were university students, who are millennials and familiar with various devices and SNS enabling hyper connection, such as smartphones, the Internet, and the Internet of Things. People are sustaining their relationships with others by using the latest technology and cutting-edge devices at will. Some purchases are made at offline stores through online information, but products are checked through offline stores and purchased online. The MZ generation, which does not always have a fixed and constant behavioral response pattern, was considered a participant in this study because the response pattern may vary depending on one's tendency to avoid uncertainty. As a result of experimenting with the MZ generation, similar results were found in all dependent variables. Advertorial and general ads treated as independent variables affected the participants' tendency to avoid uncertainty. In other words, uncertainty avoidance tendency and interaction effect were found as a result of verifying the effects on the dependent variable of ads type. In an advertorial, the group with low uncertainty avoidance tendencies showed higher dependent variable effects than the group with high uncertainty avoidance tendencies; in general ads, uncertainty avoidance tendencies were higher. The higher group showed higher dependent variable effects than the lower group. Therefore, the group with a low tendency to avoid uncertainty has a high level of dependent variable effects in the advertorial, and the group with high uncertainty avoidance tendency performs self-interpretation in general ads.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
• /
• pp.240-243
• /
• 2001

This paper presents the digital controller using variable gain for single-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter. Generally, the gain of inner current control loop in single-stage PFC converter has a constant magnitude. This is why input current is distorted under low input voltage. In particular, a digital controller has more time delay than an analog controller which degrades characteristics of control loop. So, it causes the problem that the gain of current control loop isn't increased enough. In addition, the oscillation happens in the peak value of the input voltage open loop PFC system gain changes according to ac input voltage. These aspects make the design of the digital PFC controller difficult. In this paper, the improved digital control method for single-phase power factor converter is presented. The variable gain according to input voltage and input current help to improve current shape. The 800W converter is manufactured to verify the proposed control method.