• 제목/요약/키워드: Groundwater remediation

검색결과 536건 처리시간 0.024초

세척제를 이용한 아연오염 철도토양의 정화 타당성 연구 (Feasibility Study on the Remediation of Zn-contaminated Railroad Soil using Various Washing Agents)

  • 박성우;이재영;권태순;김경조;정근욱;백기태
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.78-82
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 철도 아연유래 토염토양을 정화하기 위해 토양세척과 토양세정의 타당성은 연구하였다. 무기산인 HCI및 $H_3PO_4$와 유기산인 citric acid및 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)을 이용하여 토양세척을 수행하였다. 일반적으로 중금속 오염토양에 대하여 세척효율이 우수하다고 알려진 DETA는 본 오염 토양의 세척에는 효과적이지 않았다. 무기산 중에는 HCI이 34%의 아연 제거율로 가장 우수한 효과를 보였으며, 0.1 M HCI이상을 사용하는 것은 효과적이지 않았다. 또한 연속세척을 통하여 아연의 제거율을 향상시킬수 있었다. 칼럽실험에서 아연의 평균제거율은 27% 이였으며, 토양 내 아연 잔류농도는 기준치 이하인 662mg/kg까지 감소하였다.이와 같은 실험 결과를 바탕으로 HCI을 이용한 토양 세척 및 토양 세정을 이용하여 철도유래 아연 모염토양 정화가 충분히 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

망간산화물을 이용한 내분비계장애물질의 변환에 관한 연구 (Transformation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) by Manganese(IV) Oxide)

  • 이승환;최용주;정재식;남택우;김영진;남경필
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2009
  • 생물체내에 내분비계 기능을 방해하고 생식능력 감소, 암 등을 유발하는 내분비계장애물질이 상수나 폐수, 지표수, 토양 등에서 검출이 증가하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 토양 내 내분비계장애물질을 산화공유결합반응을 유도, 토양 유기물화 시켜 제거하기 위하여 망간 산화물인 버네사이트를 촉매로 이용하였다. 수산화 작용기를 갖는 내분비계장애물질인 bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol 및 17${\beta}$-estradiol을 각각 50, 100, 1.5 mg/L의 농도로 하여 수용액 상에서의 버네사이트 촉매 반응을 관찰한 결과, 모두 60분 이내에 99% 이상 제거되었다. 특히 bisphenol A는 5분 내에 96%이상 제거되는 등 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타냈다. 또한 산화공유결합반응은 버네사이트 표면에서 일어나는 반응으로 버네사이트의 양, 즉 반응 표면적이 넓어질수록 일차반응속도상수가 선형적으로 증가함을 확인하였다. 토양 슬러리 상에서의 각 물질의 반응성을 확인한 결과, 수용액상보다 빠르게 변환되었는데, 이는 버네사이트에 의해 생성된 페녹시 라디칼이 토양유기물과 교차결합하여 더욱 빠르게 제거되었기 ��문으로 판단된다. 이러한 수용액 및 토양에서의 빠른 반응으로 비추어 볼때, 버네사이트를 이용한 유기물화 기술은 수용액 뿐만 아니라 토양 내 내분비계장애물질의 효과적인 처리 방법이 될 것으로 보인다.

유류오염토양이 식물식생에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (A Study on Effects of Oil Contaminated Soil on the Growth of Plant)

  • 최민주;김주영;김정훈;최상일
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 2010
  • Oil contamination soil has been one of the most environmental social issues for decades in the inside and outside of country. The law of soil environmental preservation was carried out in the 1990s and the government controlled not only soil environment management and the remediation of contaminated soil but also promoted the development of remedial technology and cleanup business of contaminated soil by national policy. In addition to agriculture areas, the main oil contaminated sites are a gas station, oil reservoir, petro-chemical complex, site of railway carriage base and military camp. The contamination-frequency of agriculture area and effect sites are low but it has significantly important area on account of producing food for human beings. Therefore, we should be concerned about oil contamination damage of agriculture area. The oil contamination damage of agriculture area influenced drop of birth and breeding since the oil directly adheres to seeds and farm products even diffusion of contaminated soil to cultivation area. The studies of the crops and the food vegetation has not enough detailed data caused by the incident of oil contamination. This study investigated the effect of oil in germination and growth of selected plant seeds. In this study, we try to verify whether the oil contamination by accidents on farmland influenced the damage of farm produce and the mutual relation both oil contaminated soil or the vegetation of crops. The impact of oil on plant development was followed by phytotoxicity assessments. The plants exhibited visual symptoms of stress, growth reduction and perturbations in developmental parameters. The increase of the degree of pollution induced more marked effects in plants, likely because of the physical effects of oil. The relationships between the phytotoxicity contents of plants and growth reduction suggest a chemical toxicity of fuel oil. In addition, while cleaned up the contaminated soil under the standard of contaminated soil we examined it was suitable for region standard and it may have practical possibility for fill material of construction of afforestation and molding soil of landfill.

정화토양 및 배출가스의 환경적 특성 분석을 통한 저온열탈착장치의 현장 적용성 평가 (Field Applicability of Low Temperature Thermal Desorption Equipment through Environmental Impact Analysis of Remediated Soil and Exhaust Gas)

  • 오참뜻;이용민;김용성;전우진;박광진;김치경;성기준;장윤영;김국진
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2012
  • Geochemical and ecological properties of remediated soil and gas exhausted from a low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) process were analyzed to assess the environmental impact of LTTD treatment. Soil characteristics were examined with regard to the chemical (EC, CEC, and organic matter) and the ecological (dehydrogenase activity, germination rate of Brassica juncea, and growth of Eisenia andrei) properties. The exhaust gases were analyzed based on the Air Quality Act in Korea as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and mixed odor. Level of organic Organic matter of the soil treated by LTTD process was slightly decreased compared to that of the original soil because the heating temperature ($200^{\circ}C$) and retention time (less than 15 minutes) were neither high nor long enough for the oxidation of organic matter. The LTTD process results in reducing TPH of the contaminated soil from $5,133{\pm}508$ mg/kg to $272{\pm}107$ mg/kg while preserving soil properties. Analysis results of the exhaust gases from the LTTD process satisfied discharge standard of Air Quality Law in Korea. Concentration of VOCs including acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and valeraldehyde in circulation gas volatilized from contaminated soil were effectively reduced in the regenerative thermal oxidizer and all satisfied the legal standards. Showing ecologically improved properties of contaminated soil after LTTD process and environmentally tolerable impact of the exhaust gas, LTTD treatment of TPH-contaminated soil is an environmentally acceptable technology.

다양한 위해성평가 방법에 따라 도출한 토양오염 판정기준의 차이에 관한 연구 (II): (구)장항제련소부지의 기상 및 부지 특성을 반영한 비산계수 결정 (Analysis on the Risk-Based Screening Levels Determined by Various Risk Assessment Tools (II): Derivation of Particulate Emission Factor at Former Janghang Smelter Site)

  • 정재웅;양경;이광헌;류혜림;남경필
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents the short-term and long-term measures to determine the fugitive dust concentration in a contaminated site, which is a crucial step for the determination of particulate emission factor (PEF) for risk assessment. As a long-term measure, USEPA method employing Q/C value (inverse of the ratio of the geometric mean air concentration to the emission flux at center of a 0.5-acre square source) seems to be suitable as it reflects regional-specific meteorological conditions. However, it requires nation-wide database collection and interpretation. Use of ASTM method is an alternative as a short-term measure. The method is readily field-applicable as PEF calculation equation is simple and input parameters can be easily derived at the site of interest as well without the nation-wide efforts. Using ASTM method, PEF at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was determined. According to various mode of aggregate size distribution and fractions of vegetative cover, which are the most important factors in PEF calculation, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site varied greatly. When the mode of aggregate size distribution was set at 0.25 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 5~20 times higher than the default PEF value (i.e., 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$) shown in the current Korean Soil Contamination Risk Assessment Guidance. On contrast, when the mode was set at 2 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 160~640 times lower than the default PEF value in the Korean Guidance.

Aerobic Degradation of Tetrachloroethylene(PCE) by Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1

  • Ryoo, Doohyun;Shim, Hojae;Barbieri, Paola;Wood, Thomas K.
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.207-208
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    • 2000
  • Since trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) arise from anaerobic degradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and TCE, there is interest in creating aerobic remediation systems that avoid the highly toxic VC and cis-DCE which predonominate in anaerobic degradation. However, it seemed TCE could not be degraded aerobically without an inducing compound (which also competitively inhibits TCE degradation). It has been shown that TCE induces expression of both the toluene dioxygenase of p. putida F1 as well as toluene-p-monooxygenase of P.mendocina KRI. We investigated here the ability of PCE, TCE, and chlorinated phenols to induce toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from P.stutzeri OX1. ToMO has a relaxed regio-specificity since it hydroxylates toluene in the ortho, meta, and para positions; it also has a broad substrate range as it oxidizes o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and naphthalene; chlorinated compounds including TCE, 1, 1-DCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, VC, and chloroform : as well as mixtures of chlorinated aliphatics (Pseudomonas 1999 Maui Meeting). ToMO is a multicomponent enzyme with greatest similarity to the aromatic monooxygenases of Burkholderia pickettii PKO1 and P.mendocina KR1. Using P.sturzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces P.mendocina KR1 Using P.situtzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces ToMO activity measured as naphthalene oxygenase activity 2.5-fold, TCE induces 2.3-fold, and toluene induces 3.0 fold. With the mutant P.stutzeri M1 which does not express ToMO, it was also found there was no naphthalene oxygenate activity induced by PCE and TCE; hence, PCE and TCE induce the tow path. Using P.putida PaW340(pPP4062, pFP3028) which has the tow promoter fused to the reporter catechol-2, 3-dioxygenase and the regulator gene touR, it was determined that the tow promoter was induced 5.7-, 7.1-, and 5.2-fold for 2-, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, respectively (cf. 8.9-fold induction with o-cresol) : however, TCE and PCE did not directly induce the tou path. Gas chromatography and chloride ion analysis also showed that TCE induced ToMO expression in P.stutzeri OX1 and was degraded and mineralized. This is the first report of significant PCE induction of any enzyme as well as the first report of chlorinated compound induction of the tou operon. The results indicate TCE and chlorinated phenols can be degraded by P.stutzeri OX1 without a separate inducer of the tou pathway and without competitive inhibition.

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토양세척에 의한 비소 및 중금속 오염토양의 복원 (Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Arsenic and heavy Metals by Soil Washing)

  • 고일원;이철효;이광표;김경웅
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.52-61
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    • 2004
  • 음이온 비소와 양이온 아연 및 니켈로 오염된 토양을 산세척으로 복원하기 위해서 토양세척 파일럿 장비를 이용해서 토양의 물성과 산세척 특성 및 미세토양과 용존 오염물의 발생 특성을 고찰하였다. 비소와 아연 및 니켈의 pH $2{\sim}3$에서 산세척시 황산과 인산은 공존 경쟁 음이온의 존재로 비소의 제거 효율을 높였고, 염산은 비소, 니켈, 아연을 동시에 효율적으로 제거하였다. 세척조에서 화학적 용출은 임계체류시간 이상에서 세척 효율이 일정해졌고, 산에 의한 용출 가능한 존재형태는 교환성 및 산화물 결합과 유기성 결합형태, 그리고 부분적으로 잔류형태였다. 오염 토양의 입도에 따른 과립의 토양입자의 토양세척 효율은 높지만, 미세입자($<74{\mu}m$)는 오염물질의 농집 현상이 일어나서 제거효율이 감소했다. 또한, $<149{\mu}m$ 이하의 미세토양을 물리적 입도 분리시 전체 세척효율이 향상되었다. 따라서, 미세토양의 양이 최소가 되고 화학적 용출이 최대가 되는 세척 효율 교차지점에서 화학적 용출과 미세토양의 분리가 토양세척의 증가된 효율을 보여 주었다.

잔류유분 함유 반출처리토 재활용을 위한 호밀 식재 식물상 토성회복 가능성 (Phyto-restoration Potential of Soil Properties using Secale cereale for Recycle of Soils with Residual TPHs (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) after Off-site Treatment)

  • 박지은;배범한;주완호;배세달;배은주
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2014
  • The amount of TPH contaminated soil treated at off-site remediation facilities is ever increasing. For the recycle of the treated-soil on farmlands, it is necessary to restore biological and physico-chemical soil characteristics and to remove residual TPH in the soil by an economic polishing treatment method such as phytoremediation. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to select suitable plant species and to devise a proper planting method for the phyto-restoration of TPH-treated soil. Rye (Secale cereale) was selected as test species through a germination test, among 5 other plants. Five 7-day-old rye seedlings were planted in a plastic pot, 20 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The pot was filled with TPH-treated soil (residual TPH of 1,118 mg/kg) up to 15 cm, and upper 5 cm was filled with horticulture soil to prevent TPH toxic effects and to act as root growth zone. The planted pot was cultivated in a greenhouse for 38 days along with the control that rye planted in a normal soil and the blank with no plants. After 38 days, the above-ground biomass of rye in the TPH-treated soil was 30.6% less than that in the control, however, the photosynthetic activity of the leaf remained equal on both treatments. Soil DHA (dehydrogenase activity) increased 186 times in the rye treatment compared to 10.8 times in the blank. The gross TPH removal (%) in the planted soil and the blank soil was 34.5% and 18.4%, respectively, resulting in 16.1% increase of net TPH removal. Promotion of microbial activity by root exudate, increase in soil permeability and air ventilation as well as direct uptake and degradation by planted rye may have contributed to the higher TPH removal rate. Therefore, planting rye on the TPH-treated soil with the root growth zone method showed both the potential of restoring biological soil properties and the possibility of residual TPH removal that may allow the recycle of the treated soil to farmlands.

폐광산 주변 중금속 오염 농경지 토양복원을 위한 다양한 첨가제의 안정화 효율 비교: 컬럼시험연구 (In-situ Stabilization of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soils Near Abandoned Mine, using Various Stabilizing Agents: Column Test Study)

  • 이상훈;조정훈
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 안정화제를 이용한 윈위치 화학적 고정(In-situ Chemical fixation) 방법으로 휴, 폐광산 주변 중금속 오염농경지 정화 방법의 적용성을 자연상태에 보다 근접한 컬럼시험을 통해 평가하였다. 특히 특정원소가 아닌 다원소로 오염된 토양을 대상으로, 두가지 이상의 안정화제 조합을 시도하여 최적 비율을 산정하였다. 컬럼시험에 사용된 안정화제들은 $FeSO_4\;+\;KMnO_4$, $CaCO_3$, 영가철, 슬러지(탄광폐수처리소택지 발생) 및 지올라이트 등이었으며 비소가 주 오염원인 경북 달성 지역 소재 광산에서 밭토양을 채취하여 시험한 결과 비소의 경우 $FeSO_4\;+\;KMnO_4$, > 지올라이트 등의 순서로 좋은 효율을 보였으며 구리의 경우 영가철과 슬러지가 안정화 효율을 보였다. 황화철 혼합제재의 경우 대부분의 중금속들에 대해 가장 좋은 효율을 보임에도 용출 초기 pH 4정도의 산성으로 인해 중금속이 다량 용출되므로 pH를 조정하거나 전처리를 거칠 경우 안정화 효율이 증가할 것으로 판단된다. 컬럼은 시험 시작에 앞서 증류수로 72시간 이상 포화한 것과 사전에 포화과정 없이 바로 물을 흘려 넣은 두 조합을 동시에 운영하였으며 전자가 더 좋은 효율을 나타낸다.

디젤 오염 토양 세척시 계면활성제 종류의 영향 (Effect of Surfactant Types on Washing of Diesel-contaminated Soil)

  • 양중석;이유진;김성혜;신현재;양지원
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 2008
  • 디젤로 오염된 토양을 효과적으로 정화하기 위해 계면활성제의 종류와 음이온성-비이온성 혼합 계면활성제의 비율에 따른 디젤 제거효율을 살펴보았다. 회분식 실험결과 비이온성 계면활성제의 HLB가 12-13 사이의 값을 갖는 경우 가장 좋은 제거 효능을 보였으며, 사용된 계면활성제 중에서는 Tergitol 15-S-7 (T15S7)이 20 g/L의 농도에서 79-88%의 가장 높은 디젤 제거능을 보였다. 음이온성 계면활성제는 대체로 비이온성 계면활성제에 비해 디젤 제거능력이 떨어졌다. 비이온성과 음이온성 혼합 계면활성제를 사용하였을 경우 디젤의 제거효율은 비이온성 계면활성제의 양에 따라 증가하였으며, T15S7 : SDS가 3 : 1의 비율로 혼합된 10 g/L의 계면활성제가 단일 계면활성제에 비해 상승된 76%의 디젤 제거율을 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 현장 디젤 오염토양 복원시 적절한 계면활성제 선정의 기준을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.