• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

연삭식 정미기를 이용하여 도정한 쌀의 도정 정도에 따른 수력함량은 12.81∼13.15%로서 연삭 횟수가 증가할수록 약간 증가하는 경향이었으며, 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 각각 7.81∼8.50% 및 1.07∼l.93%로서 도정 정도가 클수록 감소하였으나 백미보다는 높았고, 조지방의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(22.06∼25.76%, peak area %), oleic acid(34.04∼35.62%) 및 linoleic acid(39.58∼42.22%)로 확인되었다. 백도는 현미와 백미의 중간 정도이었으며, 쌀눈 부착률은 연삭 4회 및 연마 1회 시료의 경우에도 39.33%에 이르러 백미(4.00%)보다 매우 높은 비율을 나타냈으며, 천립중은 현미와 유의적 차이(p<0.05)가 없었다. 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과 연삭 4회 및 연마 1회 시료는 표면의 매끄러움이 백미와 비슷한 반면 쌀눈이 일부 부착되어 있었다. 취반 후 관능평가 한 결과 연삭,3회, 연삭 4회, 연삭 4회 및 연마 1회 시료는 백미와 유의적 차이가 없거나(맛) 약간 낮은 선호도(색깔, 냄새, 조직감, 전체적 기호도)를 나타냈으나 현미보다 월등히 높은 선호도를 나타내어 영양가 있는 쌀로서 이용되기에 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2008

친환경 콘크리트 개발의 의미와 한계를 파악하기 위해 알칼리 활성 경량콘크리트 6배합이 실험되었다. 무시멘트 친환경 결합재를 생산하기 위해 고로슬래그와 분말형 규산나트륨이 각각 모재와 활성화제로 이용되었다. 최대직경 13 mm의 경량골재가 굵은골재로 이용되었으며, 최대직경 5 mm의 경량골재가 천연모래의 용적비로 0, 15, 30, 50, 75 및 100% 치환되었다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서는 시간경과에 따른 슬럼프 변화가 측정되었으며, 굳은 콘크리트에서는 재령에 따른 압축강도 발현속도, 할렬인장강도, 파괴계수, 탄성계수, 응력-변형률 관계, 부착강도 및 건조수축 변형률이 측정되었다. 실험된 알칼리 활성 경량콘크리트의 압축강도는 경량 잔골재 치환율이 30% 이상일 때 급격히 감소하였다. 특히 사용된 경량골재의 불연속 입도분포는 콘크리트의 역학적 특성들을 나쁘게 만들었다. 알칼리 활성 경량콘크리트의 역학적 특성들은 보통포틀랜드시멘트 경량콘크리트를 위해 제시된 ACI 318-05 및 EC 2 설계기준 또는 Slate 등의 제안모델들과 비교되었다. 또한 측정된 응력-변형률 관계는 보통포틀랜드시멘트 경량콘크리트의 실험 결과에 근거하여 제시된 Tasnimi의 모델과 비교되었다. 실험 결과와 각 제안 모델들과의 비교는 잘 일치하지 않았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.419-436
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• 2002

The current paper reports on the enhancement of O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$, and aerosols during the Asian dust event that occurred over Korea on 1 May 1999. To confirm the origin and net flux of the O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$, and aerosols, the meteorological parameters of the weather conditions were investigated using Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5(MM5) and the TOMS total ozone and aerosol index, the back trajectory was identified using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model(HYSPLIT), and the ozone and ozone precursor concentrations were determined using the Urban Ashed Model(UAM). In the presence of sufficiently large concentrations of NO$\sub$x/, the oxidation of CO led to O$_3$ formation with OH, HO$_2$, NO, and NO$_2$ acting as catalysts. The sudden enhancement of O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$ and aerosols was also found to be associated with a deepening cut-off low connected with a surface cyclone and surface anticyclone located to the south of Korea during the Asian dust event. The wave pattern of the upper trough/cut-off low and total ozone level remained stationary when they came into contact with a surface cyclone during the Asian dust event. A typical example of a stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE) of ozone was demonstrated by tropopause folding due to the jet stream. As such, the secondary maxima of ozone above 80 ppbv that occurred at night in Busan, Korea on 1 May 2001 were considered to result from vertical mixing and advection from a free troposphere-boundary layer exchange in connection with an STE in the upper troposphere. Whereas the sudden enhancement of ozone above 100 ppbv during the day was explained by the catalytic reaction of ozone precursors and transport of ozone from a slow-moving anticyclone area that included a high level of ozone and its precursors coming from China to the south of Korea. The aerosols identified in the free troposphere over Busan, Korea on 1 May 1999 originated from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts across the Yellow River. In particular, the 1000m profile indicated that the source of the air parcels was from an anticyclone located to the south of Korea. The net flux due to the first invasion of ozone between 0000 LST and 0600 LST on 1 May 1999 agreed with the observed ground-based background concentration of ozone. From 0600 LST to 1200 LST, the net flux of the second invasion of ozone was twice as much as the day before. In this case, a change in the horizontal wind direction may have been responsible for the ozone increase.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2016

최근 한중, 한일 해저터널과 같은 대규모 프로젝트가 구체화되고 있으며, 해저터널에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 해저터널은 일반 지상터널에 비해 열차화재에 따른 대규모 피해가 발생할 수 있으며, 기존의 일반터널 방재설계 이외에도 효율적인 소화방안에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 열차화재를 구난역에서 신속하게 진압하기 위하여, 일반적인 포 소화설비를 개량한 '압축공기포(CAF) 소화설비'를 활용한 실물 화재실험을 7차례 수행하였다. 실험은 가상의 터널에 구난역을 설치하고 KTX 열차의 1 량 규모의 가상열차를 대상으로 실시하였다. 압축공기포를 화원에 직접 분사한 경우에 햅탄(Heptane) 원료 30 L의 가연물을 1분 이내에 소화시켰다. 본 실험 연구를 통하여 해저터널 구난역 열차화재 소화설비에 압축공기 포 소화설비가 적합한지 확인하였으며, 해저터널 외에 일반터널에서도 CAF가 갖는 장점을 활용하여 빠르고 손쉬운 소화가 가능하도록 노즐 각도 및 설치위치 등을 변경하여 소화수와 소화약제를 최소화하기 위하여 추가로 실험 연구를 진행해야 한다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.478-482
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• 2000

Whole cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) crop was harvested about 10-15 cm above ground at 3 months after planting and sun dried for 1-3 days or until the leaves were crispy-dried and the branches and stems were mostly wilted to produce cassava hay. Cassava hay (CH) contained 86.3% DM, 8.9% ash, 23.6% CP, 44.3% NDF, 30.0% ADF, 5.8% ADL, 0.257% condensed tannin and 0.35 mg % HCN, respectively. In addition, CH contained relatively higher amino acid than alfalfa hay especially methionine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine. Ruminal fermentation of CH resulted in high concentrations of $C_2$, $C_3$, and $C_4$ at 72, 17 and 7 mol/100 mole, respectively. A feeding trial was conducted to study on effect of feeding of cassava hay in late lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw during the dry season on their intake, ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, milk yield and compositions. Thirty, Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows in their first lactation were randomly assigned in a randomized complete block design to receive five different dietary treatments: T1=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2, T2=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2+0.56 kg DM, T3=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:3+1.3 kg DM CH, T4=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:4+1.70 kg DM CH, T5=CH fed on ad libitum+small concentrate supplement. All cows received urea-treated rice straw as a roughage source throughout a 80 d feeding trial. The experiment revealed that cassava hay contained high level of protein and minimal level of tannin at 3 months of harvest. Tannin intake ranged from 1.44 to 13.36 g/hd/d and did not affect on urea-treated rice straw intake. Milk yield across treatments were similar (5.4-6.3 kg/hd/d) (p>0.05) but 3.5% FCM was highest in cows received CH at 1.70 kg/hd/d. Feeding of cassava hay resulted in increasing milk fat (4.0 to 4.6%) (p<0.05) and milk protein (3.8 to 5.3%) (p<0.05). Moreover, the use of CH could reduce concentrate supplementation to milk yield from 1:2 to 1:4, respectively, thus resulted in more milk income return.

• 지구물리
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2006

인류의 문명과 토목은 불가분의 관계를 갖고 있다. 고도의 산업화 사회로 발전하면서 제한된 지형적인 여건에 따라 다양한 대형 구조물이 형성되고 있다. 그러나 대형 구조물은 인간 생활의 편리함을 제공하는 국가 시설이지만 침하 붕괴 등 예상하지 못한 재해가 발생할 수 있다. 현재 활용되고 있는 상대적 변위측정 시스템은 전체적인 변형량을 해석하기 어려운 실태이며 설계 허용 범위내에서 구조물의 변형이 일어나고 있는지를 알 수가 없다. 본 연구에서는 약13년 된 필댐을 대상체로 하여 3D Laser Scanning을 이용하여 흙댐의 3차원 공간좌표를 가지는 측점군(point-cloud)을 생성하여 대상체 표면상의 수많은 3차원 공간좌표(x,y,z)를 얻는 방법으로서 실제 댐 사면과 동일한 사면형상 데이터를 취득할 수 있다. 이것은 3차원 공간상의 모델링이 형성되며, 이 자료로부터 댐 사면의 거리, 면적과 체적 등을 측정하여 댐체와 관련된 각종 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 댐체의 배부름(bulging)현상을 미연에 발견하여 유지관리의 중요 자료원으로 활용 할 수 있도록 한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1992

쓰레기 매립장 침출수를 모래, 연탄제, fly ash 및 활성탄을 각각 충전시킨 column에 8주간 매주 통과시켜 오염물질 제거율을 조사한 결과 COD는 활성탄 column에서 8주동안 평균 83%이상 제거되었으며, 연탄재와 fly ash column에서는 시간이 경과함에 따라 제거되는 비율이 낮아지는 경향이었으나 8주 평균 각각 45% 및 43% 제거되었고, 모래 column에서는 거의 제거되지 않았다. $NH_4\;^+$-N는 모든 column에서 8주 평균 60%이상 제거되었으며, Hardness는 활성탄과 fly ash column에서는 8주간 지속적으로 제거된 반면 연탄재 및 모래 column에서는 불규칙적이었고 특히 8주째에는 거의 제거되지 않았다. $PO_4\;^{3-}$는 1주 이후부터 모든 column에서 불규칙적으로 제거되었으며, 특히 fly ash column에서는 4, 5주째 폐기물 침출수 원액에 비해 $PO_4\;^{3-}$가 4배 높게 나타났으며, $CI^-$ 및 $SO_4\;^{2-}$등의 음이온은 1주 이후부터 모든 column에서 제거되지 않았으며, 이는 충전 물질과 침출수의 pH가 높았기 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. 각 column내 각 오염물질 흡착량을 토대로 각 흡착성분간 상관관계를 검토한 결과 활성탄, fly ash 및 연탄재 column에서는 양이온간에 서로 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었으며 모래 column에서는 유의적인 상관이 없었고, 활성탄과 fly ash column에서는 음이온간에 유의적인 상관이 있었다. 그리고 모든 column에서 양이온과 음이온간에는 대부분 유의적인 상관이 없었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1977

In order to find out health problems among inhabitants in slum areas in Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, a series of health survey was conducted upon 510 households by interview from March to December, 1976. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Employments of householders were unstable; Out of 508 householders, 164(32.3%) were unemployed and 184 (36.2%) were daily or temporary employees. 2. Average number of households per house was 2.0 and average area of residential room per person was $4.0m^2$. 3. 476(93.3%) out of 510 households were supplied with tap water and rest of them made use of ground water as a source of drinking water. 4. Only 279(18.3%) out of 1527 live births were delivered at medical facilities, 496(32.7%) were at home attended by doctors or midwives and 358(25.1%) took prenatal care. The above findings were worse in urban slum area than in other urban area of relatively high economic level, but were better than in rural area of less medical facilities. 5. Initiation of treatment were delayed until their illnesses were advanced in most of the households, 472(92.5%) out 510. In the early stage of the illness, 131(25.6%) of the house-holds sought physicians in their clinics or general hospitals and 250 (40.9%) visited chemists, to toy drugs at first hand. Frequency of visits to physician increased to 52.8% as the disease aggravated in later stages. 6. Cost of medical expenditure per household amounted to 815 won, and was paid to, in the order of chemists, physicians, chinese herb stores, chinese herb doctors. 7. Concerning the health knowledge of the inhabitants, 273(53.9%) out of 506 respondents were aware of the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 68(13.4%) of them checked regularly their chest findings by X-ray at least once every two years. 8. As for the family planning, although 448(87.3%) out of 510 respondents were in favor of it, 215 (41.8%) of them were actually practicing contraception. 9. About 40.6% (125 respondents) of them obtained information and knowledge concerning contraception through personal contact with family planning workers. 10. Nutritional status of housewives was generally poor: 49(38.3%) out of 128 housewives were found to be anemic and average serum protein level was $7.5{\pm}0.82g/dl$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2003

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and changes in caecal fermentation pattern was studied on four groups of 8 grower rabbits (soviet chinchilla) each, fed on diets containing 17 to 18% CP and $10.4-11.00MJ\;DE\;kg^{-1}$ feed. The complete diets contained mulberry leaves along with other feed ingredients at 0 (LH), 15 (ML15), 30 (ML30) and 45% (ML45) levels. In LH diet ground lucerne hay was added at 15% of the diet as roughage source. The diets were uniform in other nutritional parameters except the higher amount of hemicellulose (18.7 and 16.5%) in LH and ML15 diets. The performance of grower rabbits was better (p<0.05) on LH and ML15 diets in terms of twelve weeks weight (kg), total gain (g), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (%). Different levels of mulberry leaves in the diet did not influence the dry matter intake. Digestibility of nutrients for DM, OM, CP, NDF and energy was uniform in all the diets but the digestibility of CF, ADF and cellulose was higher (p<0.01) on ML15, ML30 and ML 45 diets. The hemicellulose digestibility was significantly higher (p<0.01) on LH (44.52%) and ML15 (48.00%) compared to ML30 (33.54%) and ML 45 (39.17%) diets. The nitrogen retention (% of intake) was higher (p<0.05) in LH and ML15 diets than ML30 and ML45 diets. The caecum weight as percent of intestine weight consistently increased (p<0.05) with increasing content of mulberry leaves in diets. Total nitrogen and $NH_3$-N was higher on LH and ML15 diets. It is concluded that incorporation of mulberry leaves can replace Lucerne hay in complete rabbit feed (15% in diet). Even at higher level i.e. 30 and 45% of the diet mulberry leaves based complete feed gave promising results.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2018

The characterization of detectors installed in space- and ground-based instruments is important to evaluate the system performance. We report the development of a detector performance test system for astronomical applications using the Andor iKon M CCD camera. The performance test system consists of a light source, monochromator, integrating sphere, and power meters. We adopted the Czerny-Tuner monochromator with three ruled gratings and one mirror, which covers a spectral range of 200-9,000 nm with a spectral resolution of ~1 nm in the visible region. Various detector characteristics, such as the quantum efficiency, sensitivity, and noise, can be measured in wide wavelength ranges from the visible to mid-infrared regions. We evaluated the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) detector performance test system by using the performance verification of the Andor iKon-M CCD camera. The test procedure includes measurements of the conversion gain ($2.86e^-/ADU$), full well capacity ($130K\;e^-$), nonlinearity, and pixel defects. We also estimated the read noise, dark current, and quantum efficiency as a function of the temperature. The lowest measured read noise is $12e^-$. The dark current at 223 K was determined to be $7e^-/s/pix$ and its doubling temperature is $5.3^{\circ}C{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ at an activation energy of 0.6 eV. The maximum quantum efficiency at 223 K was estimated to be $93%{\pm}2%$. We proved that the quantum efficiency is sensitive to the operating temperature. It varies up to 5 % in the visible region, while the variation increases to 30 % in the near-infrared region. Based on the comparison of our results with the test report by the vendor, we conclude that our performance test results are consistent with those from the vendor considering the test environment. We also confirmed that the KASI detector performance test system is reliable and our measurement method and analysis are accurate.