• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2015

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is one of the most well-known and important infectious renal diseases resulting from a prior infection with group A ${\beta}$-hemolytic streptococcus. The typical clinical characteristics of the disease reflect acute onset with gross hematuria, edema, hypertension and moderate proteinuria after the antecedent streptococcal infection. In children, usually PSGN is healed spontaneously but if it combines with fast progressing glomerulonephritis, it would be developed to chronic renal failure. Therefore, it is important to make a fast diagnosis and treatment by simple tools to predict the course and the prognosis of disease. Sonography is a simple tool for diagnosis but there is no typical renal sonographic finding in PSGN, so it is difficult to predict the course and the prognosis of disease by sonographic findings. In comparison between two cases of renal sonographic findings in PSGN, a patient who showed more increased echogenicity in more extended area of renal sonography had the severe results of renal pathology, prolonged treatment period and low serum C3 level. Here, we report the different findings of renal sonography and pathology depending on the degree of severity between two patients. Thus, it is necessary to gather more information from further studies to make a consensus about the relationship between the renal sonography and the prognosis of disease in PSGN.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Minerals from marine materials such as deep ocean water and Dead Sea water have been used since ancient times. We made a mask pack sheet including deep ocean water and salt from the Dead Sea and evaluated the function of the mask pack sheet through animal study. Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats. The wounds were left untreated in group Con, and mask pack sheets including deep ocean water or deep ocean water and Dead Sea water were used as treatment for 20 min on the skin of animals in groups DP and DDP, respectively. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemical findings. Groups DDP and DP showed decreases in wound size, as compared to group Con at 7 days after wound infliction. The histological findings revealed that wound healing had progressed further in groups DP and DDP than in group Con, with more rapid collagen deposition and regression of neutrophils. Also, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ were increased in groups DDP and DP compared with those in group Con at 3 days after wound infliction. Mask sheet packs including deep ocean water and Dead Sea salt affected wound healing by reducing the inflammatory phase and stimulated wound contracture by facilitating the deposition of collagen.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2017

Purpose: Although stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is widely used therapeutic technique, predictive factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after SABR remain undefined. We aimed to investigate the predictive factors affecting RP in patients with primary or metastatic lung tumors who received SABR. Materials and Methods: From 2012 to 2015, we reviewed 59 patients with 72 primary or metastatic lung tumors treated with SABR, and performed analyses of clinical and dosimetric variables related to symptomatic RP. SABR was delivered as 45-60 Gy in 3-4 fractions, which were over 100 Gy in BED when the ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ value was assumed to be 10. Tumor volume and other various dose volume factors were analyzed using median value as a cutoff value. RP was graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Results: At the median follow-up period of 11 months, symptomatic RP was observed in 13 lesions (12 patients, 18.1%), including grade 2 RP in 11 lesions and grade 3 in 2 lesions. Patients with planning target volume (PTV) of ${\leq}14.35mL$ had significantly lower rates of symptomatic RP when compared to others (8.6% vs. 27%; p = 0.048). Rates of symptomatic RP in patients with internal gross tumor volume (iGTV) >4.21 mL were higher than with ${\leq}4.21mL$ (29.7% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.017). Conclusions: The incidence of symptomatic RP following treatment with SABR was acceptable with grade 2 RP being observed in most patients. iGTV over 4.21 mL and PTV of over 14.35 mL were significant predictive factors related to symptomatic RP.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

Alginate, which is isolated from brown seaweed, is a bioabsorbable long chain polysaccharides, ${\beta}$-D-mannuronic acid and ${\alpha}$-L-guluronic acid. The authors produced alginates and alginate-colllagen as a disc form. Then, to evaluate the efficacy of alginate and alginate-collagen complex as a wound healing material, three full-thickness skin defects of 2 cm in diameter were made at the back of the New Zealand white rabbits. Three groups of dressing materials-alginate, alginate-collagen complex and vaseline gauze as control group - were applied on the wound and the results were evaluated grossly and histopathologically. The authors compared gross findings of sizes of healed wound, wound epithelization and wound contraction by tracing the remaining wound area at 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th day after wound introduction, and wound biopsy was performed at 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day, respectively. Alginate and alginate-collagen complex showed statistically higher percentage of wound contraction and wound healing compared to control group(p<0.05). Alginate-collagen complex showed statistically higher percentage of wound contraction, epithelization and wound healing compared to alginate alone. In conclusion, the result suggests that alginate has a good effect of wound healing and that alginate-collagen complex is more effective in wound healing than alginate alone.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1996

This study was desinged to investigate the effect of estrogen(Est) on the proliferating of progesterone(Prog) target cells. The spayed 13 rats(Wistar, approximately 300gm) were randomly alloted into 3 groups. One group was the control group and another Prog-treated group was injected with 1mg of Prog/rat/day for 2 consecutive days, and Estand Prog-treated group was injected intramuscularly with $17{\beta}$-estradiol $20{\mu}g/rat/day$ for 3 consecutive days and then with Prog for 2 days as above from 4th day. Rats were administrated intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridinc(Brdur,0.2mg/BW once) befero 2 hours of exanguination. In gross finding, the groups with more level of dimension and weight on the uterus were ordered as Est- and Prog-treated group, Prog-treated group and control group. The investigation by immunohistochemical methods using paraffin sections of the uteri was performed by using anti-Brdur antibody for labeling proliferating cells of Prog target cells. The groups with higher labeling index(LI) were ordered as Prog-treated grop, Est- and Prog- treated group and control group. The number of proliferating cells from Prog target cells in the rats were rather deceased by Prog injection following Est injection than prog injection only. The cell types with higher LI in the wall layers of all 3 groups were ordered as endometrial stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells, luminal epithelial cells, myometrial muscle cells and serosa methodelial cells, and the region with highest LI was functional zone of the endometrium and the region with lower LI was muscular layer and then those with lowest LI was serosa and also the considerable different LI from individual rat were observed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.451-465
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• 2012

In order to strengthen assurance of National Health Insurance, co-payment should be reduced. This can happen with collaborative efforts of patients, medical institutes, and government altogether at the same time. This research applied Dutton(1986)'s medical service research model with high R-square, and analyzed 2008 Korea Health Panel Data (Beta Version 1), that was examined by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance, in order to figure out influential variables on co-payment. In result of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, R-square was 46.7%, the older the age, the patients who had surgery, the longer days of hospital treatment are, the higher gross income of a household is, the more hospitalized in upper grade general hospitals, and the more upper grade rooms and selecting a doctor are used. The results have statistical significance. When conducting research applying medical service research model, there is a need to apply Dutton(1986)'s medical service research model with high R-square. In order to strengthen assurance of National Health Insurance, first conditions should be that patients are hospitalized in upper grade general hospital, and at the same time, are patients who had surgery with long stay of hospitalization. In addition, if proven that patients used upper grade rooms and selecting a doctor due to lack of regular treatment and rooms, for certain number of days of such hospitalization, it is suggested to be provided with health care insurance in upper grade rooms and selecting a doctor in calculating co-payment limit.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing enzyme cocktail on growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, and monosaccharide concentration in ileum and ceca of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. A total of 600 male broilers (42.26 ± 1.76 g, 0 day old) were used for 35 days of feeding trial consisting of 2 phases (starter phase from d 0 to 21 and finisher phase from d 21 to 35). Four dietary treatments were prepared based on wheat diets containing four levels of enzyme cocktail supplementation at 0, 0.2, 0.3, and 20 g/kg. Overall, dietary enzyme cocktail supplementation decreased feed conversion ratio (linear p = 0.007; quadratic p = 0.013) and improved (linear p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides. The apparent total tract digestibility of DM and gross energy were increased (linear p < 0.01) with increasing supplementation levels of the dietary enzyme cocktail. The concentrations of arabinose, xylose, mannose, and glucose in ileal digesta were linearly increased (p < 0.01) with increasing enzyme cocktail supplementation levels. In addition, the quadratic effect was observed (quadratic p = 0.046) in mannose concentration of ileal digesta. The concentration of arabinose, xylose, mannose, and galactose in cecal digesta was increased (linear p < 0.05) with increasing dietary enzyme cocktail supplementation levels. The supplementation of enzyme cocktail efficiently increased the utilization of nutrients in broiler and there was no adverse effects of high dosage supplementation level.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.733-739
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• 2011

Purpose: Cellulose is a natural substance from plants or bacteria. It is known that bacterial synthesized cellulose has an effect of wound healing. The aim of this study is to show the effect of bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus on wound healing. Methods: Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Three wounds were treated by vaseline gauze (Group V), Algisite $M^{(R)}$ (Group A) and bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus (Group C) was used for dressing on skin defect on rats. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemistry finding. Results: Group C showed more decrease of wound size compared to Group V (33% versus 7.2%) after 14 days. The histologic findings revealed Group C and Group A preceed the process of wound healing rather than Group V (More rapid collagen deposition and neovascularization and reduced inflammation). Also, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ were increased in the Group C and Group A compared with the Group V in 7 days. VEGF and TGF-${\beta}1$ expression were decreased in the Group C and Group A in 14 days, however Group V was not decreased at 14 day because of delayed wound healing process. Conclusion: Bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus affects wound healing by reducing the inflammatory stage. And stimulates wound contracture by the deposition of extracellular matrix, thus preventing the formation of chronic wounds.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate the effect of estrogen(Est) on the progestcrone(Prog) target cells by autoradiography. The spayed 16 mice(ICR, approximately 18~25g) were randomly alloted into 3 groups. $^3H$-Prog-treated group were injected with $40{\mu}Ci$ of $^3H$-Prog/mouse/day for 1 day, Est + $^3H$-Prog-treated group with $20{\mu}Ci$ of $17{\beta}$-Est/mouse/day for 3 days and then with $40{\mu}Ci$ of $^3H$-Prog/mouse at 4th day, and Est+$^3H$-thymidine(TdR)-treated group with $20{\mu}g$ of $17{\beta}$-Est/mouse/day for 3 days and then $80{\mu}Ci$ of $^3H$-TdR/mouse at 4th days. 1. Mice uteri of both Est+$^3H$-Prog-treated group and Est+$^3H$-TdR-treated group were hypemophied in gross finding and the endometrium and myometrium were thickened in microscopic findings. These findings were confirmed that Est enlarged the uteri of mice. 2. Cryo-preparations of mice organs were processed for autoradiography using Kodak NTB-2 emulsion following Kodak D-19 developer and hematoxylin counterstain. In each group, the number values of silver grain distribution appeared to be higher in the $^3H$-Prog-treated group than in the Est+$^3H$-Prog-treated group. It was considered that Est and Prog inhibit each other in action. 3. In both $^3H$-Prog-treated group and Est+$^3H$-Prog-treated group, the uteri have highest distribution rates of silver grains than in other organs, and the cerebral neurons, hepatocytes, bronchiolar epithelial cells and splenic reticular cells also contained some silver grains. 4. The orders of the cell types with more number of silver grains in the uteri were stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells, luminal surface cells and muscular cells and also were as above orders in distribution of proliferating cell type by $^3H$-TdR.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

Objectives: The stomach is a sensitive digestive organ that is susceptible to exogenous pathogens from the diet. In response to such pathogens, the stomach induces oxidative stress, which might be related to the development of both gastric organic disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer, and functional disorders such as functional dyspepsia. This study was accomplished to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) on chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each: the normal, the control, the normal saline (NP) and the GLP groups. In this study, the modified ethanol gastritis model was used. The rats were administrated 56% ethanol orally every other day. The dose of ethanol was 8 g/kg body weight. The normal group received the same amount of normal saline instead of ethanol. The NP and the GLP groups were treated with injection of saline and GLP respectively. The control group received no treatment. Two local acupoints CV12 (中脘) and ST36 (足三里) were used. All laboratory rats underwent treatment for 15 days. On last day, the rats were sacrificed and their stomachs were immediately excised. Results: Ulcers of the gastric mucosa appeared as elongated bands of hemorrhagic lesions parallel to the long axis of the stomach. In the NP and GLP groups, the injuries to the gastric mucosal injuries were not as severe as they were in the control group. Wound healings of the chronic gastric ulcers was promoted by using GLP and significant alterations of the indices in the gastric mucosa were observed. Such protection was demonstrated by gross appearance, histology and immunehistochemistry staining for Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$). Conclusion: These results suggest that GLP at CV12 and ST36 can provide significant protection to the gastric mucosa against an ethanol induced chronic gastric ulcer.