• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.07a
• /
• pp.527-529
• /
• 2001

Interfaces are the point of interconnection between distributed generation and the energy infrastructure. These interfaces are generally physical but can include a market dimension as well. While there are issues surrounding various interfaces, the most important issues in the short term are on the electrical interface. Much of the discussion and debate surrounding distributed generation interconnection has centered on technical issues. However, there are two elements of Interconnection that merit equal consideration-process and contractual issues. The solution of distributed generation Interconnection issues depends on whether existing requirements can be modified to make them more efficient, transparent, and standardized while maintaining the grid's reliability and safety. In this paper, two main courses, standardization and third party participation, are suggested for the resolution of these issues.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.12
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2007

Clock grid networks are now common in most high performance microprocessors. This paper presents a new effective modeling and simulation methodology for the clock grid using scattering parameter. It also shows the effect of wire width and grid size on the clock skew of the grid. The interconnection of the clock grid is modeled by RC passive elements. The results show that the error is within 10 % comparing to Hspice simulation results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.1586-1592
• /
• 2017

Voltage sourced converter (VSC) based direct-current (DC) grid has the ability to control power flow flexibly and securely, thus it has become one of the most valid approaches in aspect of large-scale renewable power generation, oceanic island power supply and new urban grid construction. To solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in DC grid, an adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on fuzzy control theory is proposed in this paper, and the optimal operation considering both power loss and voltage quality is realized. Firstly, the fuzzy membership curve is used to transform two objectives into one, the fitness value of latest step is introduced as input of fuzzy controller to adjust the controlling parameters of PSO dynamically. The proposed strategy was applied in solving the power flow issue in six terminals DC grid model, and corresponding results are presented to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2016

In this paper, novel ball grid array (BGA) interconnection process using solderable anisotropic conductive adhesives (SACAs) with low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) fillers have been developed to enhance the processability in the conventional capillary underfill technique and to overcome the limitations in the no-flow underfill technique. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed technique, BGA interconnection test was performed using two types of SACA with different LMPA concentration (0 and 4 vol%). After the interconnection process, the interconnection characteristics such as morphology of conduction path and electrical properties of BGA assemblies were inspected and compared. The results indicated that BGA assemblies using SACA without LMPA fillers showed weak conduction path formation such as solder bump loss or short circuit formation because of the expansion of air bubbles within the interconnection area due to the relatively high reflow peak temperature. Meanwhile, assemblies using SACA with 4 vol% LMPAs showed stable metallurgical interconnection formation and electrical resistance due to the favorable selective wetting behavior of molten LMPAs for the solder bump and Cu metallization.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.67 no.12
• /
• pp.1705-1710
• /
• 2018

This paper deals with an analysis of the causes of over current relay(OCR) misoperation in power system with distributed generations(DG). In general, Y-D and Y-Y-D transformer connections are used for grid interconnection of DG. According to the interconnection guideline, the neutral point on Y side should be grounded. However, these transformer connections can lead to OCR misoperation as well as over current ground relay(OCGR) misoperation. Several researches have addressed the OCGR misoperation due to the interaction between transformer connections and zero-sequence voltage of distribution system. Recently, a misoperation of OCR at the point of DG interconnection to the utility system has been also reported. With increasing the interconnections of DG, such OCR as well as OCGR misoperations are expected to increase. In this paper, PSCAD/EMTDC modeling including DG interconnection transformer was performed and various case studies was carried out for identifying the cause of OCR misoperation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2009

Interconnection of DG(Distributed Generation) into distribution systems and power quality are frequent subjects of discussion by distribution companies, regional electricity utilities and industrial customers. This situation makes many experts estimate a next generation of distribution systems which is composed of some micro-grids. But the proposed micor-grid is only mentioned as a small network with DG's, power quality compensators, communication and control equipments. In this paper, a decentralized coordination control algorithm of micro-grid which is able to supply the electric power with high reliability and quality, are proposed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.60 no.8
• /
• pp.1467-1472
• /
• 2011

This paper presents an optimal operation of microgrid systems and considering a tie-lines capacities that concerned each grid. The microgrid system consists of a wind turbine, a diesel generator, and a fuel cell. An one day load profile and wind resource for wind turbine generator were used for the study. For the grid interconnection, tie-line capacities were applied as constraints. The capacity constraints of tie-lines in production cost analysis are very important issues in the operation and planning of microgrid. In optimization, the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm is used for solving the problem of microgrid system operation which a various generation resources are available to meet the customer load demand with minimum operating cost. The application of HS algorithm to optimal operation of microgrid proves its effectiveness to determine optimally the generating resources without any differences of load mismatch.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.32A no.1
• /
• pp.222-233
• /
• 1995

For effective module generation, a detailed router which can handle complicated routing regions on multimple layers of interconnection under various constraints is necessary. In this paper, a new improved maze routing technique is described, which can find the shortest path for each net without allowing stacked vias. In this method, two cost values are stored at each grid point. The cost values represent the routing costs from the terminal of the net being routed to the grid point. One cost value shows the cost of the shortest path without making a via at the grid point and the other cost value shows that with making a via at the grid point. This is the first systematic maze routing technique which can find the shortest path without via-stacking.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2020

As demand for electricity in urban areas increases, it is necessary to improve electric power stability by interconnecting neighboring substations and high temperature superconductor (HTS) power cables are considered as a promising option due to its large power capacity. However, the interconnection of substations reduces grid impedance and expected fault current is over 45 kA, which exceeds the capacity of a circuit breaker in Korean grid. To reduce the fault current below 45 kA, a HTS power cable having a fault current limiting (FCL) function is considered by as a feasible solution for the interconnection of substations. In this study, a FCL HTS power cable of 600 MVA/154 kV, transmission level class, is considered to reduce the fault current from 63 kA to less than 45 kA by generating an impedance over 1 Ωwhen the fault current is induced. For the thermal design of FCL HTS power cable, a parametric study is conducted to meet a required temperature limit and impedance by modifying the cable core from usual HTS power cables which are designed to bypass the fault current through cable former. The analysis results give a minimum cable length and an area of stainless steel former to suppress the temperature of cable below a design limit.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.56 no.10
• /
• pp.1744-1750
• /
• 2007

This paper addresses grid interconnection tests of a 3kW transformer-less photovoltaic (PV) inverter to verify the effectiveness of the PV inverter and promote its wide use. The 3kW transformer-less PV inverter, which was equipped with intelligent protection and control system, was manufactured. A hardware test bed was constructed for performance tests of the PV inverter. Control performance and grid protection tests were carried out using the test bed. Test results verify the performance of the power control and grid protection functions of the developed transformer-less PV inverter.