• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 1993

Promoters of the chlorophyll a/b bidning protein genes, cab1, and cab2, of Arabidopsis thaliana were studied for their functions in differential expression during greening of etiolated shoots. The etiolated shoots were derived from leaves of transgenic tobacco plants with the cab-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) translational fusions, and CAT activity was measured to monitor the activities of the cab promoters. Cab1 promoter activity increased rapidly and showed saturation after about 24 hours of greening, but that of cab2 increased with about 2 day-lag period and showed saturation after 6 days. Cab1 promoter activity was more sensitive to levulinic acid (LA) compared with cab2 activity. Cab2 promoter activity was inhibited more sensitively by chloramphynicol (CAP) than by inhibitors of Chl formation. Cab1 promoter activity was, however, inhibited less sensitively by CAP than by LA. The treatment of abscisic acid (ABA) did not block Chl synthesis so significantly as LA treatment did, and cab2 promoter activity was much less sensitive to ABA compared with that of cab1. These results suggest that cab1 expression is strongly related with Chl formation, possibly with $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid accumulation, and cab2 expression is suppressed more by the blockage of translation of Chl a-apoproteins than by the blockage of Chl a accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2009

Germination tests on 3 species that have potential for use as sprout vegetables, such as Coreopsis tinctoria, Saussurea pulchella, and Matricaria recutica, were conducted for 20 days under different temperatures of $15{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, and conditions of light and dark. C. tinctoria showed germination of 83% under $15^{\circ}C$ and dark condition after 4 days, S. pulchella 51.7% under $25^{\circ}C$ and light condition after 20 days, and M. recutica 90.3% under $25^{\circ}C$ and dark condition after 4 days. To investigate optimum plantlet size before greening treatment, seeds germinated were allowed to grow under darkness. The optimum growth of C. tinctoria was obtained under $30^{\circ}C$ after 5 days, S. pulchella under $25^{\circ}C$ after 6 days, and M. recutica under $20^{\circ}C$ after 6 days. Greening treatment resulted in diminished longitudinal growth, but C. tinctoria and S. pulchella showed more vigorous latitudinal growth. Days required before marketing as sprout vegetables were different according to species - Three days of greening was good for C. tinctoria, 2 for S. pulchella, no greening for M. recutica. Generally, tightly sealed containers for minimum water loss were recommended for storage of sprout vegetables after harvest. However, storage methods for each species were different depending on various factors like temperature of storage, presence of ventilation holes of storage packages and forms of marketing. More detailed research for above 3 species is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Artificial ground greening, which is considered as a way for the greening of cities, should be constructed easily and maintained continuously. Thus it is necessary to use light soils for keeping in flexible formation and light load. And the garden should be managed optimally taking account for the characteristics of the soil and plant. But in most landscape green area, they are not under management. Mostly they are occasionally irrigated without nutrient by hand-operating. So this study was conducted to investigate plant growth by management methods and soil depth(15cm, 30cm). As a results of the different methods of management had effect on the plant growth and on the rate of flowering. When Hosta longipes were grown in different three management methods, control(rainfall), periodical irrigation, and nutri-irrigation(fertigation), the content of chlorophyll, the plant growth and the rate of flowering were higher in nutri-irrigation (fertigation) treatment than those in control(rainfall) and periodic irrigation. And nutrient contents of leaf are also higher. Between 15cm and 30cm soil depth, the plant growth of 15cm soil depth is better than that of 30 soil depth. According to these results on artificial ground greening, determination of optimal soil depth by plant species is required, And a specialist for nutrient management is demanded.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of strong acidic electrolytic water on the chloroplast, barley leaves were treated with strong acidic electrolytic water(pH 2.5). And to investigate the effects of weak acidic electrolytic water on the chloroplast development, etiolated barley leaves were treated with weak acidic electrolytic water(pH 6.5) during greening period. Chl contents, Fo, Fv, and Chl fluorescence quenching coefficient in barley leaves were measured during and after treatment of acidic electrolytic water. The following results were obtained. Chl a, b, and carotenoid were decreased with treatment of strong acidic electrolytic water. Chl contents were significantly decreased than that of the control after 5 min. These results provide evidence that the strong acidic electrolytic water dissimilate the Chl and so that the value of Fo was slightly increased. The strong acidic electrolytic water damaged PS II because Fo was increased and Fv, Fm, and Fv/Fm ratio were decreased. qP, qNP and qE were decreased. On the other hand qI was increased than that of the control. But Chl content and Chl fluorescence patterns were a little changed as the pH increase over 4.0 Chl a, b, and carotenoid were increased with treatment of weak acidic electrolytic water during greening period. Chl contents were significantly increased than that of control after 12 hours greening. These results provide evidence that the weak acidic electrolytic water accelerated the chlorophyll synthesis. And the weak acidic electrolytic water accelerated PS II development because Fv, Fm, qP and Fv/Fm ratio were increased than that of the control.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

The centralized power supply system and rainwater treatment system, which are major infrastructure in modern cities, are showing their limitations in accommodating environment load due to climate changes that has aggravated recently. As a result, complex issues such as shortage of reserve power and urban flooding have emerged. As a single solution, decentralized systems such as a model integrating photovoltaic system and rooftop greening system are suggested. When these two systems are integrated and applied together, the synergy effect is expected as the rooftop greening has an effect of preventing urban flooding by controlling peak outflow and also reduces ambient temperature and thus the surface temperature of solar cells is lowered and power generation efficiency is improved. This study aims to compare and analyze the monitoring results of four algorithms that define correlations between micro-climate variables around rooftop greening and the surface temperature of solar cells and generate their significance. By doing so, this study seeks to present an effective algorithm that can estimate the surface temperature of solar cell that has direct impact on the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation by observing climate variables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Traffic noise is a significant national problem in many communities. Construction of noise barriers has been the most often used mechanism to mitigate vehicle noise for residents next to high density roadways. The most common materials for constructing noise barriers are metal. The character of the wall can be significantly modified by the type of surface treatment used on the wall body. Noise barrier walls can be softened through the use of plants. Greening Noise Barrier helps blend the roadway into the surrounding landscape and provides an interesting and aesthetic view of the road.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.643-656
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• 1996

Various light intensity and light quality were treated to oat seedlings to investigate the effect of light on the chlorophyll accumulation and the formation of chlorophyll-protein complexes. The Increase of total chlorophyll accumulation and Chl (chlorophyll) a/b ratio was promoted under H (high intensity) white light during oat chloroplast development when compared to 1 (low intensity) white light. Also H white light was more effective in the formation of chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with PSI CCI and CCII than L white light. The seedlings grown in various right quality caused little changes in total chiorophyl and ChI-a/b ratio when compared to those grown in L white light. The assembly of LHCII trimer was more affected by L white light treatment in the formation of-chlorophyll-protein complexes than red light treatment. The effect of blue light on the relative composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes was similar to that of L white light. Particualrly, blue light was more effective in the synthesis of LHCII monomer than the other light quality at the early stage of greening. When compared to red light, blue light was more effective the increase of chlorophyll accumulation and Chl a/b ratio than 1ight Quality, and light Quality may be in important factor for the regulation of the organization in the chlorophyll-protein complexes curing greening.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

The storability of chicon was compared by packing it with PE box, wrap, LDPE (low density polyethylene) film that was 25 and 50um thickness, respectively and storing at 1 and $10^{\circ}C$ under light and dark conditions. The visual quality depending on dehydration was deteriorated at more than $2\%$ weight loss during storage. In packing treatments, chicon packed with PE box lost fresh weight to $3\%\;at\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;2\%\;at\;1^{\circ}C$, while non- penetrated film treatment, wrap, 25 and 50um thickness LDPE film, showed less than $1\%$ weight loss. The carbon dioxide concentration in package was $3\~4\%\;in\;50{\mu}m$ LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C\; and\;25um$ LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$. The ethylene concentration in 50um LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C\;and\;25{\mu}m$ LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$ was approximately 0.3 ppm and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Chiton stored in dark condition didn't turn to green, but it fumed green only in 3 days at $10^{\circ}C$ and in 6 days at $1^{\circ}C$ under light condition. The greening of chicon was less, the packing materials was thicker. The chlorophyll content represented the degree of greening showed less at $1^{\circ}C$ then at $10^{\circ}C$. The coefficient of correlation(r) between chlorophyll content and carbon dioxide concentration in package was 0.926 at $1^{\circ}C$ and 0.997 at $10^{\circ}C$. The visual quality except greening of packed chicon was maintained at $1^{\circ}C$ better than $10^{\circ}C$, and it was shown highest grade packed with $50{\mu}m$ LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C$ and packed with 25um LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$. The vitamin C content in packed chicon was kept higher at $1^{\circ}C$ on storage temperatures, and 25um and 50um LDPE film on packing materials. According to these results, it can be proper condition for storage and marketing of chicon that 50um LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C$ and 25um LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$. And dark condition is necessary to store chicon because it should turn green under tiny light condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop functional sprout vegetables with antioxidant effects using seeds of Arctium lappa. The seeds germinated vigorously under light at $25^{\circ}C$, reaching germination rate of 82% within 4 days. Germinated seeds were placed under darkness at various temperatures to force growth in length, and it was demonatrated that $20^{\circ}C$ was optimum temperature. Greening treatment reduced growth in length, but promoted growth of cotyledons. Harvested A. lappa sprout vegetables maintained freshness longer at $10^{\circ}C$, rather than $4^{\circ}C$. Ventilation holes in storage containers had no effects on storage periods. Antioxidant activity of vegetable that received greening treatment for 1-3 days was investigated, and it was shown that free radical scavenging effects and ferrous ion chelating effects was higher than those of commercially available brocoli, cauliflower, pea and bean sprout. Contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were also higher, especially by 3 day greening. The longer the treatment, the more the inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid. Sprout vegetable of A. lappa had higher antioxidant activity compared with adult plant. In conclusion, sprout vegetable of A. lappa has great potentiality for use as one of sprout vegetables.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the eco-friendly planning methods for a sustainable apartment houses in the Metropolitan area of Seoul. Eco-friendly plans that considers the environmental issues were attempted from the beginning of 2000s, and since then, many apartment houses in Korea were built using this concept. They were, however, generally focusing on the physical and spatial aspects of the site plan. After the Seoul C40 weather summit conference in 2009, the low carbon green housing standard has been emphasized and thus the chemical concept was added to the existing physical planning methods. Under such a background, this study intends to investigate the eco-friendly plans for the apartment houses in the 2000s. This includes an ecological network plan, an ecological base plan, a building greening plan, a water treatment plan, and an energy saving plan. Based on the analysis and synthesis of these planning methods in the early 21st century, it would be possible to set up a proper future plan to enhance the sustainable built environment in the housing industry in the coming years.