• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.9-22
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• 2012

Though geologic storage of $CO_2$ (GS) is considered as an attractive technological option to enormously reduce greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere, many concerns on potential environmental and health risks associated with $CO_2$ leakage have been raised. In particular, groundwater contamination due to the brine displacement by a pressure build-up and the acidification by leaked $CO_2$ is paid a special attention. Therefore, integrated regulatory frameworks have been established by law in many countries to secure the permanent containment of injected $CO_2$. Regulatory frameworks deal with entire processes of GS, including site selection, monitoring and post-closure environmental management. This review paper provides a summary of regulatory frameworks in USA (U.S. EPA Geologic Sequestration Rule) and EU (Geologic $CO_2$ Sequestration Directive). The regulatory framework to properly address environmental issues should be established for the deployment of CCS projects in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In this study, we carried out the emissions analysis of CO and $non-CO_2$ for the age-classes of various pine trees(Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus thunbergii Parl.) to estimate of emission factors of the crown layer and surface layer in the forest fire. We used the thermal characteristic analyzer cone heater and NDIR analyzer in order to measure amount of emission. As a result, the major emissions of Pinus koraiensis were $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ and that of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was only CO. The major emissions of the most of pine trees were NO and $N_2O$. The $CO_2$ emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest about as $7.26{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}1.63{\times}10^{-1}g$ and next came Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. And the CO emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was about $5.14{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.58{\times}10^{-3}g$ and followed by Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. The emissions of $CH_4$, NO, and $N_2O$ showed small differences between species and the emission of $CH_4$ was $8.37{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.55{\times}10^{-4}g$, and NO was $6.65{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-4}g$ and $N_2O$ was $1.42{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}2.09{\times}10^{-3}g$ in all species. Particularly, the emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest in all pine trees except $CH_4$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.765-772
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• 2011

In this research, the fuel cell system model capable of generating codes in real time was developed to construct of a HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) for a SOFC-powered ship. Moreover, the effects of the distribution of the exhaust gas flow rates in a stack, the flow rates of fuels and temperature of air supplied on the temperature characteristics of fuels supplied to the cathode and the anode, the output power of the stack and system efficiency are examined to minimize the temperature difference between fuels supplied to the stack used in a 500kW SOFC system using methane as a fuel. As a result, the temperatures of fuels supplied to the cathode and the anode maintain at 830K when the opening factor of three-way valve located at outlet of turbine is 0.839. Also the process for optimization of methane flow rate considering the fuel cell stack and system efficiency is required to increase the temperatures of fuels supplied to the stack.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.264-270
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• 2001

The effects of leaf extracts of 14 different non-host plant species on in vitro conidial germination of Phaeoisariopsis personata, the causal organism of late leaf spot(LLS) of groundnut were evaluated. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Datura metel, Lawsonia inermis and aqueous leaf extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus at 25%(w/v) concentration completely inhibited the conidial germination of P. personata both at 24h and 48h after incubation. Aqueous leaf extracts of Blumea bifoliata, Eucalyptus globules, Ocimum sanctum and Pongamia pinnata, and ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and S. indicus inhibited the conidial germination by >90%. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of L. inermis and S. indicus were highly inhibitory to conidial germination up to 1% concentration. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of D. metel and ethanol leaf extract of A. indica were highly inhibitory to P. personata even at 0.01% (100 ppm) concentration. Ethanol leaf extract of A. indica up to $80^{\circ}$, aqueous leaf extracts of D. metel and S. indicus up to $100^{\circ}$, and L. inermis up to $60^{\circ}$, were highly stable and retained their fungitoxic effects. Extract of D. metel was antifungal even after 180 days when it was stored both at room temperature and $4^{\circ}$. Aqueous leaf extract of D. metel at 2% concentration effectively reduced the development of LLS by >60%, under greenhouse conditions both in prophylactic and simultaneous applications. Extracts of D. metel could be a potential economical and an eco-frendly alternative for control of late leaf spot, and its efficacy under field conditions is further being evaluated.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find the suitability site for the construction of Saemangeum horticulture complex taking into account cost-effective environmental management by analyzing and comparing meteorological conditions. By overlapping the thematic maps, we extracted the regions that scored 50-59 points as suitable sites for the development project. Of these pre-selected sites, we selected the final candidate region for the protected horticulture by overlapping the sites selected for agricultural and living environment construction. The results of this study will contribute to generating added values by minimizing the environmental management costs for horticulture and landscaping. The operation of a large-scale protected horticulture and landscaping in the Saemangeum Complex will enhance the agricultural competitiveness of our country in the global market.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

In recent years, eco-friendliness and high fuel economy have become important issues for commercial tractors. Electric tractors are often required for operation in a greenhouse. However, the battery capacity limits the available operation time. To overcome this problem, a plug-in hybrid electric tractor is considered a reasonable alternative. This tractor has a basic driving ability and can operate in various working modes such as mower, rotary, loader, and trailing. This study focuses on the energy management strategy by considering various working modes.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.114-129
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• 2016

Since the release of mid-term domestic GHG goals until 2020, in 2009, some various GHG reduction policies have been proposed to reduce the emission rate about 30% compared to BAU scenario. There are two types of modeling approaches for identifying options required to meet greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement targets and assessing their economic impacts: top-down and bottom-up models. Examples of the bottom-up optimization models include MARKAL, MESSAGE, LEAP, and AIM, all of which are developed based on linear programming (LP) with a few differences in user interface and database utilization. The bottom-up model for electric sector requires demand management, regeneration energy mix, fuel conversation, etc., thus it has a very complex aspect to estimate some various policies. In this paper, we suggest a bottom-up BAU model for electric sector and how we can build it through step-by-step procedures such that includes load region, hydro-dam and pumping storage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.475-490
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• 2012

Since 1997, Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Ministry of Environment have established data on some 400 basic raw and subsidiary materials and process like energy, petro-chemical, steel, cement, glass, paper, construction materials, transportation, recycling and disposal etc by initiating establishment of LCI database. Regarding agriculture, Rural Development Administration has conducted establishment of LCI database for major farm products like rice, barley, beans, cabbage and radish etc from 2009, and released that they would establish LCI database for 50 items until 2020 later on. The domestic LCI database for seeds, seedling, agrochemical, inorganic, fertilizer and organic fertilizer etc is only at initial stage of establishment, so overseas LCI databases are brought and being used. However, since the domestic and overseas natural environments differ, they fall behind in reliability. Therefore, this study has the purpose to select organic farming materials, survey the production process for various types of organic farming materials and establish LCI database for the effects of greenhouse gas emitted by each crop during the process. As for selecting methods, in this study organic farming materials were selected in the method of direct observation of material and bottom-up method a survey method with focus on the organic farming materials admitted into rice production. For the basic unit of carbon emission amount by the production of 1kg of organic farming material, the software PASS 4.1.1 developed by Korea Accreditation Board under Ministry of Knowledge Economy was used. The study had the goal to ultimately provide basic unit to calculate carbon emission amount in executing many institutions like goal management system and carbon performance display system etc in agricultural sector to be conducted later on. As a result, emission basic units per 1kg of production were calculated to be 0.04968kg-$CO_2$ for oystershells, 0.004692kg-$CO_2$ for expanded rice hull, and 1.029kg-$CO_2$ for bordeaux mixture liquid.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

The government has made a lot of efforts to realize 'low-carbon green growth', one of the national policy agendas, throughout the whole industries. The construction sector is not an exception, and technological developments are active to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. In particular, buildings occupy more than 20% of the total national energy consumptions. Thus, it can be said that increasing energy efficiency of the residential buildings and reducing CO2 emission are the urgent national agenda. Moreover, as ordinary people find it more and more difficult to get a lease on housing, which has become an important social issue recently, a housing production system that can actively respond to market demands is in urgent need. To build an eco-friendly system that can maximize efficiency in construction, this study attempts to examine and analyze the modular housing production system in the county and to find its problems. By suggesting the ways to improve the system, it aims to prepare for the base to revitalize the unit modular housing production system.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 2017

Evaluating the performance of R&D Activity is complicated because it is hard to quantify the R&D results unlike the traditional manufacturing or service industries. Recently, to overcome this, process-focused evaluation methods applying the philosophy of quality into R&D environment have been introduced. However, these quality activities are mainly conducted without feedback system after the evaluation work is done. The aim of this study is to present a R&D quality diagnosis framework to obtain the improvement opportunities from R&D process perspective. The research is designed as follows : First, R&D standard process and R&D quality elements are derived from a literature review. Second, the diagnosis objects are obtained by investigating the R&D quality elements at each R&D steps. Third, a two-dimensional diagnosis model, which enables the objective measurement of the 'system compatibility' and 'accomplish level', is presented. The proposed method can provide an effective way to find opportunities for efficient quality improvement of R&D process.