• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Recently, interest in alternative energy has been increasing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption in accordance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). Accordingly, there is a need to use waste heat that unused throughout industrial systems for lowering the concentration of energy on fossil fuels. In particular, government support projects for the energy recycling of agriculture and fisheries such as cultivation of tropical crops and aquaculture are being actively carried out by utilizing waste heat and thermal effluents caused from large-scale industrial complexes including power plants. The study was conducted on supplier (power plant), consumer (farmer) and stakeholders (constructor and local governments) of domestic demonstration areas using waste heat that is abandoned from the power plant in the form of thermal effluents. It investigated the overall improvement and feasibility of government funded projects through field interviews and questionnaire-type surveys. The results of this study are expected to provide basic directions for the operation of the project in terms of nationwide expansion and diffusion of the heat source supply project at horticultural greenhouse by utilizing the thermal effluents from power plant.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of farming in greenhouses with respect to subjective fatigue symptoms among farmers and the degree of symptoms. The study compared 176 green-house farmers with 216 open field farmers using a subjective fatigue symptoms rating scale developed by the Industrial Research Institute of Fatigue, Japanese Association for industrial Hygiene. 1. With respect to complaint rates of the subjective fatigue symptoms, the results indicated that greenhouse farmers have, in order of severity, high degrees of low back pain, difficulty in collecting thoughts, and apt to forget. 2. With respect to cumulative scores of fatigue symptoms, the results indicated that both groups of farmers exhibited a lack of attentiveness and a high degree of dullness and sleepiness(category I), body projection of fatigue(category II), and difficulty in concentration(category III). 3. With respect to general characteristics, it was found that the degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms were found to be higher among females, people with lower educational levels, and the elderly, regardless of the group. 4. With respect to work related factors, farmers with more years of experiences were found to have higher degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms, except for open field farmers with less than nine years experience. Both groups of farmers were found to have high degrees of subjective fatigue symptoms when working less than eight hours a day and less than six months a year. 5. With respect to health habits, for people who get less than eight hours of sleep per day exhibited higher fatigue scores than people who get more than eight hours. People who do not smoke and drink also exhibited higher fatigue scores than people who smoke and drink. 6. The results of multiple regression showed that the risk factors related to the subjective fatigue symptoms of farmers in the greenhouse group were ages, levels of education, sex and for the comparison group, were sex. years of farming, and hours of sleep. The R-square were 12.5% in the greenhouse group and 12.1% in the comparison son group. The differences between the greenhouse and open field farmers in the degrees of fatigue symptoms were found not to be statistically significant even if the working conditions of the greenhouse farmers were poor. This may be attributed to non-work related factors, i.e., social, economical, and psychological factors among greenhouse farmers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.699-704
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• 2016

An estimation of optimal requirement of additional N by cropping pattern and growth stage is very important for greenhouse watermelon. The objectives of this study were to estimate an amount of optimal additional N based on growth, N uptake and yield of watermelon. In order to achieve these goals, we performed the study at farmer's greenhouse with a fertigation system and watermelon was cultivated three times (spring, summer and autumn) in 2015. The levels of additional N were set up with x0.5, x0.75, x1.0 and x1.5 of the $NO_3$-N-based soil-testing N supply for watermelon cultivation. The trends of growth and N uptake of watermelon markedly differed from cropping pattern; spring (sigmoid), summer and autumn (linear). The yield of watermelon was the highest at summer season and followed by autumn and spring. Also, the x1.5N showed a significantly higher yield compared to other N treatments. On the basis of growth, N uptake and yield of watermelon, we estimated an optimal level of additional N by cropping pattern and growth stage as follows; 1) spring (transplanting ~ 6 WAT : 6 ~ 14 WAT : 14 ~ harvest = 5 : 90 : 5%), summer (transplanting ~ 4 WAT : 4 ~ 8 WAT : 8 ~ harvest = 25 : 50 : 25%) and autumn (transplanting ~ 4 WAT : 4 ~ harvesting : 50 : 50%). In conclusion, nutrient management, especially N, based on cropping pattern and growth stage was effective for favorable growth and yield of watermelon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

This study was conducted in cut rose cultivation field in Goyang to evaluate pesticide exposure of farmers and the relationship between the exposure and work environment/method for cut rose farmers. Dermal exposure was assessed with patch (thin chromatography layer paper), cotton glove by body parts during mixing and spraying works in which pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate pesticide were used in 4 cut rose greenhouses located in Goyang province, checking characteristics of environment/working method at the same time. Body parts assessed were as follows ; glove : hand, patch : head, neck(front/back), chest, back, shoulder(right/left), upperarm(right/left), forearm(right/left), thigh(right/left), shin(right/left). Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography(NPD/FID) after extracting with ethyl acetate. Exposure amount differed according to pesticide type. But after standardizing with total net weight of pesticide sprayed, there were no significant difference among pesticides. There were significant difference in exposure amount among body parts(especially exposure amount of thigh, shin were more than the others), which means exposure happen not by pesticide dispersion in air but by contact with cut rose(leaf, branch) indirectly. Walking forward during spraying made farmers more exposed than waling backward, these results means contacts with leaves/branches made exposure happen in cut rose greenhouse also. As a result, pesticide exposure in cut rose greenhouse was related with contact of leaf/branch which pesticide remained in, which made exposure pattern (especially exposure amount) differ by body parts

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2018

In winter, thermal screens are widely used to reduce heat loss from greenhouse to save energy. Unfortunately, not much data are available to the farmer to compare thermal screens while selecting the one that meets their specific requirements. Thus, there is a need to investigate the thermal performance of thermal screens. To address this issue, the Building Energy Simulation (BES) model of a hot box was used to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of the thermal screens. To validate the model, computed and experimental U-values of single-and double-layered polyethylene (PE) material were compared. This validated model was used to predict the U-values of the selected thermal screens under defined weather conditions. We quantified the U-values of each selected material and significant changes in their U-values were noted in response to different weather conditions. Notably, the thermal properties of the tested screens were taken from the previous literature to calculate U-values using the BES model. The U-values of the thermal screens can help researchers and farmers evaluate their screens and make pre-design decisions that suit their investment capabilities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.479-483
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• 2014

The area of greenhouse horticulture has increased dramatically since the early 1990s in Korea. However, area per farmer still very small and diverse pest species occurs in greenhouse abundantly because of its protected condition. To manage pests, farmers use many pesticides frequently. Incessant and improper use of chemicals provoked pesticide resistance in pest and poisoning of farmers. In this study, we investigated the efficiencies of automatic dry fog sprayer for controlling two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, in greenhouse horticulture. When doors and side windows were completely closed in automatic dry fog sprayer treatment greenhouse, aphids were controlled similar level with conventional spraying method (percent control: 61.0~94.1%). However, when half of the doors and side windows of the greenhouse were opened, aphids were controlled poorly (percent control: 36.0~54.4%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.96.1-96
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• 2003

Serratia plymuthim A21-4 strongly inhibits the mycelial growth, zoospore formation, and cystospore germination of Phytophthor spp and Pythium species. The bacterial isolate produced antifungal substance and chitinase. The bacteria also enhanced to plant growth remarkably in low nutritional condition. The application of cell suspension of A21-4 to pepper seedlings in greenhouse experiments and soil drenching in farmer's field was proved successfully to control the phythophthora blight of pepper. For the effective control, however, relatively high density of cell number(10$\^$9/cfu/$m\ell$) is required. Density effect was similar in plant growth promoting activity of A21-4. Though this investigation we improved the problem with changes of culture condition of bacteria and some nutritional amendment.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2012

This study was carried out to estimate carbon footprint and to establish of LCA of garlic production system. We have case study in cultivate garlic 1 kg calculate in carbon footprint. LCA carried out to estimate carbon footprint and to establish of LCI (life cycle inventory) database of garlic production system. The data is from Research of Farmer's income in 2010 (RDA, 2011), and used Pass (5.0.0) program. The value of fertilizer, amount of pesticide input were shown the environmental effect and direct emission. Carbon footprint in agriculture guarantees the choice right the consumer to choose the lower carbon goods. Its can make to strengthen of agriculture and food industry's reduction effort of $CO_2$. Nowadays consumer requests food's safety and environment friendly process. Carbon footprint also needs consumer's relief and incentives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of lettuce last for 36 days. Lettuce planted on the same medium with different treatment. The first treatment watering using bio-fertilizer (farmer) and second watering using effective microorganism. Lettuce grown in greenhouse with temperature $18-32^{\circ}C$.Characteristic observed that growth in height and weight of the plants. From the observations that can be generated at high observation, treatment 1 had a higher than treatment 2. On the last day treatment plant with treatment 1 had a 99.8 mm high while treatment 2 has height of 90.7 mm. Observation on severe treatment 1 has a heavier weight than treatment 2. Plants with treatment 1 have a weight on the last day of 0.15665 grams while in plants with treatment 2 weights are 0.11365 grams.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2000

An organic agriculture should be managed by mixed farming in farm unit as a closed recycling system. Due to restricted purchased of fertilizers from outside, organic farmer has to deal with limited amount of nutrient source in farm unit. Especially the supply of the essential nutrient, nitrogen, mostly depends on legumes fixing nitrogen optimizing the site-adapted crop rotation. Dynamics of humus and metabolic plant carbon and active soil carbon compartment in active and passive humuspool by rotation system was explained, and dynamics of potentially mineralizable nitrogen in organic nitrogen and biomass was discussed. It was also discussed comparison of ammonia emission, potential greenhouse effect, primary energy input, acidification potential, CO2 emission between organic and conventional farming, the nitrate-nitrogen dynamic in the soil profile by organic, integrated and conventional farming system. In conclusion, it was suggested for Korean Organic Agriculture that the importance of legumes and green manures in rotation system for increase/maintenance of soil ferfility, and was pointed out the need of investment for environment impact of Korean organic farming implement.