• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and sterols, are a nutritionally important group of rice secondary metabolites. The ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol content and composition were found to vary with enviromental factors such as growth temperature, varietal origin, and cultivation method. Therefore, the effect of green manure treatments will be also be an important factor in their content. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ${\gamma}$-Oryzanols extracted using dichloromethane/methanol were analyzed equipped liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. A total of ten components of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol including ${\Delta}7$-stigmastenyl ferulate were isolated of which, cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and sitosteryl ferulate were identified as the major components in Korean rice variety, Unkwang. The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol content in rice, in the presence of nitrogen fertilization using green manure was similar to conventional nitrogen fertilization, but was higher than the control(no fertilizations). The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol ontent in rice, in the presence of hairy vetch as green manure crop was the highest compared to other crops (opium-poppy, crimson clover, cornflower). As a result of PLS-DA using SIMCA 11.0 ver. as multivariate analysis program on the basis of total data, in all samples, the specific pattern and cluster of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol scores according to green manure crops and conditions were confirmed with possible distinguishing nitrogen effects. CONCLUSION: The nitrogen contained in the green manure crops is considered to play a major role in the formation of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. Hairy vetch which contains higher nitrogen increased the concentration of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol in rice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2010

벼 유기농업은 한국에서 빠르게 확산되고 있다. 유기재배에서 벼 생육은 토양 물리적 특성과 토양 미생물의 기능에 크게 의존한다. 본 연구는 무경운 답에서 유기농업을 위하여 토양 물리성과 미생물 생체량에 미치는 녹비작물의 효과를 검토하였다. 시험구는 무경운, 무경운+볏짚, 무경운+호밀, 무경운+자운영 그리고 경운구를 3반복으로 죽곡통에서 2005년 5월에서 2006년 10월까지 수행하였다. 경운구는 2005년과 2006년 모두 토양 가밀도가 가장 높은 반면 공극률은 가장 낮았다. 무경운+호밀 처리구는 공극률이 가장 높았으며 무경운 처리구의 표토 관입저항은 경운구 보다 낮았다. 담수 전 2005년과 2006년 토양 미생물 생체량 탄소 함량은 무경운+자운영 처리구가 477 mg $kg^{-1}$ 및485 mg $kg^{-1}$으로 가장 높았고 무경운+호밀 처리구는 413 mg $kg^{-1}$ 및 484 mg $kg^{-1}$였으며 경운 처리구는 363 mg $kg^{-1}$ 및 445 mg $kg^{-1}$을 나타냈다. 시기적으로 토양 미생물 생체량 탄소 함량은 유수형성기에 낮아지는 경향이었다. 연구결과 녹비작물을 시용한 무경운 재배기술은 경운에 비해 토양 공극률과 토양 미생물 생체량 탄소 함량을 크게 개선하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2006

This study was performed to develop thin layer drying equations for green rice. Thin layer drying tests of green rice were conducted at three temperature levels of 30, 40, $50^{\circ}C$ and two relative humidity levels of 30, 50% respectively. The measured moisture ratio were fitted to the selected four drying models (Page, Thompson, Simplified diffusion and Lewis model) using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The overall drying rate increased as the drying air temperature and as relative humidity was increased, but the effect of temperature increase was dominant. Half response time (Moisture ratio=0.5) of drying was affected by both drying temperature and relative humidity Drying rate was mainly affected by relative humidity at drying temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. The results of comparing coefficients of determination and root mean square error of moisture ratio for four drying models showed the Page model was found to ft adequately to all drying test data.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

Background: Hericium erinaceus is considered a functional food and potential medicinal source. The present study was conducted to examine the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of carried out with water and ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus grown on germinated green rice (HEGR-W and HEGR-E, respectively) and the water and ethanol extracts of germinated green rice (GR-W and GR-E, respectively) as potential medicinal resources or antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Methods and Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH, and ABTS activity, reducing power, DNA protective activity, cell viability, and NO production were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in HEGR-E ($66.53{\pm}2.40 mg{\cdot}GAE/100g$ and $82.12{\pm}7.10mg{\cdot}CE/100g$ respectively). HEGR-E exhibited high DPPH ($44.70{\pm}1.28%$) and, ABTS ($44.70{\pm}1.28%$) activity and reducing power (0.219). HEGR and GR extracts showed protective activity against DNA damage. The cytotoxicity of HEGR and GR in RAW264.7 cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was low. HEGR-E and GR-W exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through a 28% inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggested that the extracts of Hericium erinaceus grown on germinated green rice could be a potential medicinal material with natural antioxidant and NO inhibitory properties.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1996

쌀밥의 저장성을 향상시킬 목적으로 쌀밥 부패 미생물을 분리, 동정하고 이들과 표준 균주에 대한 녹차 물추출물의 항균활성을 측정하였다. 표준균주 Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Bacillus cereus YUFE 2004 및 Staphylococcus aureus YUFE 2087 모두 녹차 물추출물이 500, 1000 ppm 첨가된 broth system에서 생육이 억제되었다. 쌀밥 부패에 관여하는 주요 미생물은 두 균주 모두에서 형태적, 생리적 특성과 API 50 CHB kit 그리고 균체 지방산 분석을 통해 Bacillus subtilis로 동정되었다. 분리, 동정된 균주 중 Bacillus subtilis RHJ-I의 생육은 녹차 물추출물이 500, 1000 ppm 첨가된 broth system에서 그 생육이 억제되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the amounts of unpolished glutinous rice flour with green tea powder difference of adding method on the sensorty and objective characteristics of Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi which is KOREAN TRADITIONAL CAKE supplemented with green tea. The results were as follow: According to sensory evaluation of Heunmi-injulmi adding twice infused green tea powder, the acceptance was the bast in the hardness, moistness, chewiness, and overall quality when adding 6% green tea. The more the amount of two infused green tea power was increased, the more the hardness of Heunmi-injulmi was increased in the gextural profiles, whereas the cohesiveness, elasticity, and chewiness of those was decreased. The moisture content of Heunmi-injulmi adding infused green tea powder was ranged to 41-44%, and it was decreased as the amount of two infusedgreen tea powder be increased. The more the amount of adding green tea powder was increased, the more yellow and green color was changed darker and stronger. The Overall quality in the sensory measurement of Heunmi-injulmi adding two infused green tea powder had positive correlation with Adhesiveness in the measurement of food testing machine. Refer to this study with the advisable recipe for Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi as follow : Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi adding 282g(94%) unpolished glutinous rice flour and 18g (6%) two infused green tea powder.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2002

Recently, in Korea, round bale wrapping silage made by fresh rice straw are partially utilized. The colors of stretch film using far wrapping the fresh rice straw round bale are white, green and black. The light transmittance of green and white color stretch film was not founded the difference. However, the light transmittance of black color stretch film was largely difference of two stretch films. This study was carried out to measure qualities of fresh rice straw wrapping silage by softening processing of fresh rice straw and colors effects of wrapping stretch film. The analyzed factors were the light transmittance of stretch film, variation of the temperature in fresh rice straw round bale and qualities of the silage in crude protein, ADF, NDF, organic acid, etc. It was difficult to find in this study the colors effects of stretch film on silage qualities by the silage wrapping. But, when make fresh rice straw wrapping silage, wrapping silage fermentation effect goes well more if handle softening the fresh rice straw.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2002

Yukwa is a popular Korean traditional fried rice snack. The high fat content and porous structure of Yukwa cause it to rapidly become rancid, presenting difficult challenges for commercial distribution. In this study, an-tioxidant activities of green tea extracts (GTE) were evaluated in Yukwa fried in soybean oil (SBO), rice bran oil (RBO) and winterized rice bran oil (WRBO) during storage at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. Lipid oxidation of Yukwa was determined by acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV), p-anisidine value(AnV), totox value and sensory evaluation. The addition of GTE to the oils reduced the increases in AV, POV, AnV, and totox. Totox increased most vapidly in Yukwa fried in SBO, fellowed by RBO>WRBO>SBO+200 ppm GTE>RBO+200 ppm GTE > WRBO + 200 ppm GTE (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed that the addition of 200 ppm GTE delays rancidity in Yukwa by 7~8 weeks; providing compelling evidence that GTE is an effective antioxidant for Yukwa.

• 기술사
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1977

The pbjective of this study to clarify the varietal resistance to green leaf-and planthopper and the evaluate the nature of the resistance to the insects in connection with the Antibiosis. this study was investigated the reaction of the varieties to insects with 46 rice varieties including recommended varieties of korea, At seedling stage they were in fested with second of third inster nymphs. the results were as follows. 1. Most of the rice vari eties tested showed highly susceptible reaction to Brown planthopper except Mudgo, KR 108-143- and HR529-41-3-2 as resistance, and Akamoch, Satominori, IR 24 and IR 8 asmoderately suscptible. 2. In the test of varietal resistance to white backed planthopper Mudgo, KR 108-243-1, KR 109-154-2 and HR 529-45-3-2 were resistance, and Suweon 82, Tongil, IR 8 palkeum, Iri 309, Hokwang and Chuhoku #31 were Moderatly susceptible. 3. Most of the varieties tested were observed highly resistance to green leafhopper, but Tongil, Suweon 82, IR 24, Milsung and Chuhoku #31 were Moderatly susceptible. 4. the new bred lines HR 108-243-1 are multiple resistance of Brown planthopper, green leafhopper and white babked planthopper, and some others showed moderatly susceptible as. IR 8: Brown planthopper, white backed planthopper. IR 24: Brown poanthopper, green leafhopper. Tongil: suweon #82, Chukoku #31, whist backed planthopper, Green leafhopper.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 1997

An ultimate purpose of this study was to develop an automatic system for brown rice quality inspection using image processing technique. In this study emphasis was put on developing an algorithm for discriminating the brown rice kernels depending on their external quality with a color image processing system equipped with an adaptor magnifying the input image and optical fiber for oblique lightening. Primarily, geometical and optical features of images were analyzed with paddy and the various brown rice kernel samples such as a sound, cracked, peen-transparent, green-opaque, colored, white-opaque and brokens. Secondary, geometrical and optical parameters significant for identifying each rice kernels were screened by a statistical analysis(STEPWISE and DISCRIM procedure, SAS wer. 6) and an algorithm fur on- line discrimination of the rice kernels in static state were developed, and finally its performance was evaluated. The results are summarized as follows. 1) It was ascertained that the cracked kernels can be detected when e incident angle of the oblique light is less than 2$0^{\circ}C$ but detectivity was significantly affected by the angle between the direction of the oblique light and the longitudinal axis of the rice kernel and also by the location of the embryo with respect to the oblique light. 2) The most significant Parameters which can discriminate brown rice kernels are area, length and R, B and r values among the several geometrical and optical parameters. 3) Discrimination accuracies of the algorithm were ranged from 90% to 96% for a sound, cracked, colored, broken and unhulled, about 81 % for green-transparent and white-opaque and 75 % for green-opaque, respectively.