• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.430-440
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• 2020

The application contents, process, and its limitations are discussed for the setting of Korean legal guides & criteria for water cycle and ecological condition in development project of land use by thorough comparison and examination of prerequisites and credits of water cycle and soil+vegetation by USA's SITES (Sustainable Sites Initiative). In the case of SITES, due to the implementation procedure operated as a non-governmental independent assessment system by Green Business Certification, Inc, the natural condition of water cycle and soil-vegetation items-the key element of ecosystem services can be quantitatively assessed, well along with its legal and institutional guidelines and regulations. On the other hand, in the case of Korea, as a part of the national certification procedure for green building, the ecological area ratio system still have very limited role as an only amenity resource in the creation of artificial green spaces and insufficiency of management system for rain water. In conclusion, it was understood as an urgent situation in necessary for prompt establishment of site's sustainability certification system at the national level, based on management of water circulation and natural soil & vegetation in developed area with consideration of various land uses and types of development projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4877-4883
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• 2012

As a basic research for revitalization of cycling that is emerging as a means of green transportation, this study aims to analyze the impact of neighbourhood environmental factor perceived by the local residents on cycling satisfaction as the concern for energy and environmental issues is increasing. For this, a survey was conducted through a questionnaire to the residents in Sangju-si and the impact of the perceived neighbourhood environmental factor to cycling satisfaction with ordered logit model was analyzed. The result showed that the factors such as quality of bicycle lane, quality of bicycle conveniences, accessibility of major conveniences, safety of cycling and amenity of street made a significant impact on cycling satisfaction. Based on such result, this study suggested the considerations to be made in designing a cycling environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 2002

This study examines the visitors'evaluations of tourism resources in Insa-dong, which the Seoul metropolitan government has improved recently. This study adopted the method of Importance-Performance Analysis by collecting data through questionnaires. A random sampling of visitors to Insa-dong was conducted in June and July,2001. The survey included questions on the physical and psychological components of Insa-dong's tourism resources. In the case of physical components, eight factors(ancient arts shop, art gallery, atelier, calligraphy shop, pottery arts, traditional tea house, antique shop, traditional clothes) out of thirteen were categorized as 'keeping up the good work'. None of the Physical components was shown as 'low priority'or'possible overkill'. In particular, four factors(restaurant, heritage, Korean-style house and alley, traditional cultural festival) need to be impoved most urgently in terms of visitors'satisfaction. Survey results realize them as high priority in importance but low in performance, thereby designated as, 'concentrate here'. An image of the 'street' showed to be high in importance and identical in performance, so can be categorized between'keeping up the good work'and 'concentrate here'. The results show that unusual outdoor spaces and the festivals of Insa-dong have a significant meaning to the visitors. In the case of psychological components, three factors(general atmosphere experience of unusual atmosphere, appropriateness of stroll time) out of seventeen were categorized as 'keeping up the good work'. Ore factor (shopping) was designated as 'low priority'and not found to be 'possible overkill'. Thirteen factors (various events, possibility of various activity, various flood, richness of play, new experience, education cultural inheritance, parking facilities, resting places, green spaces, meeting places, guide map and information, cleanliness of facilities/convenience) need to be improved mast urgently in terms of visitors' fulfillment. They are perceived as areas of 'concentrate here'. This confirms that attractive events are essential for the recent visitor satisfaction. Furthermore, visitors are not satisfied with its amenity and acccss in Insa-dong despite the improvements. In conclusion, positive impressions, both physical and psychological, should be maintained while factors mentioned to be lacking should be prioritized in order of necessity to improve the image of Insa-dong and solutions need to be found and implemented. The results of this study would be helpful in the planning and management of nsa-dong considering the visitors'requirements.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2006

The color and structure of urban constructions is a factor of urban landscape and shows their characteristics. Hence the modern buildings deal with their materials and external appearance as an important factor, making up the urban image. But it was nearby impossible to evaluate the value of visual landscape with objective measuring method. Most of all, it depends on the subjective estimation of a few talented or high educated experts with a sense of beauty. Such kinds of estimation can in some cases include arbitrary interpretations. In relation to this kind of problems, it is tried here in this study to analyse the human response of brain wave pattern (EEG) with use of SD method, while the tested persons watch the urban landscape scenery constructed in a visual reality. The tested persons were 20 adult male and female with no color blindness and intact cognitive function. Light source with color filter was used for color environment in a dark soundproof chamber. The signal of EEG is analysed digitally and grouped into the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ waves. The result showed that relative power of ${\alpha}$ wave ratio increased in the natural landscape scenery with blue and green color. From these results it was possible to evaluate the human response, which is affected by urban and natural color and structure stimulation and it might be useful as an indicator of visual cognition amenity toward the design of urban construction environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The analysis of research trends is used to identify key subject areas, research trends over time, and new discussions in a study field. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of research articles published in the area of rural planning using bibliometric methods. Research articles published in the Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning "Rural Planning" from 1995 to 2014 were analyzed to determine the annual publications, the number of periodical contributions, the authorship patterns, and popular research subjects and keywords. The results of this study are as follows; (1) The number of research papers and authors has increased over the 20 years periods (1995-2014); (2) The most published authors are associated with the study of rural planning. Seoul National University, Rural Development Administration, and Chonnam National University have highly contributed to the paper publications; (3) The most frequent word in titles is "Rural" for the whole period from 1995 to 2014. The most frequent words are "Village" and "Planning" from 1995-2006, and "Landscape" and "Village" in 2007-2010, and "Village" and "Area" from 2011-2014; and (4) The most used keywords are "Rural amenity", "Rural village", and "Rural landscape" for all of the different time frames.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.105-138
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• 2018

This paper reports novel empirical results of a choice experiment that elicited the economic values that residents in the Seoul metropolitan area place on the amenity services realized from the landscape views and accessibilities to urban green spaces (i.e., mountains, rivers and urban parks). The 1,000 respondents in the sample were divided into two residential of housing types (apartments vs. houses) and occupancy types (owners vs. tenants). Residents living in apartments are willing to pay an average of 28% (5.0 million KRW per year) above the current housing prices per household for a mountain view, compared to an apartment view from their living room. Their willingness to pay values are about 22% (4.0 million KRW per year) and 10% (1.8 million KRW per year) respectively for a river view and a urban park view. Economic benefits of having access (i.e., a 10 minutes working distance) to mountains, rivers and urban parks are estimated to be an average of 16% (2.9 million KRW per year), 20% (3.6 million KRW per year) and 18% (3.2 million KRW per year), respectively, above the current housing prices per household. On the other hand, access benefits for those residing in houses are 18% (4.7 million KRW per year), 16% (4.1 million KRW per year) and 22% (5.6 million KRW per year) per household, respectively. They are also willing to pay an average of 35% (8.9 million KRW per year) above the current housing prices for keeping or having a garden or vegetation bed. Furthermore, a strong "greenspace premium" is centered around the three Gangnam districts for house-dwellers, whereas it is areas of "new real estate boom" for apartment dwellers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2011

In this study, space allocation with an assessment system for improving the function of the ecological use and function of each space was undertaken to suggest appropriate goals and directions. Ogeum Park, used as the study site, is a stronghold green zone located in the fan-shaped area of the Songpa-gu green zone on a 22ha area site. The assessment system for this study consisted of a total of 3 steps: Step 1 includes the division of the spatial block, Step 2 assesses the proper functioning of each spatial block, while Step 3 includes space allocation and presents improvements for function by space. This study performed a basin analysis with the consideration that Ogeum Park is a forest area and divided the site into a total of 8 areas according to how the sections of land are used. The function of wildlife habitat included an analysis of plant ecology(vegetation type, vegetation layer, potential vegetation), animal ecology(wild birds), and waterways. The function of leisure and use included an analysis of gradients, noise, paths, status of use, and status of facilities. The evaluation of the function of habitat sorted items into native vegetation, vegetation diversification, vegetation potential, animal diversification and potential of animal habitats. The results of grading the evaluation scores by space in the function of habitat showed that the Areas IV and VII, which were 90% of the maximum point, were Grade A, Areas II and V were Grade B at 70% and Area I and VI were Grade C at 50%. Areas III and VIII, which were not found to be beyond the standard of 50%, were excluded. The evaluation of the functions of leisure and use classified items into use potential, use preference, use concentration, use diversification and use convenience. The results of the graded evaluation scores by space in use function, showed areas V and VI as Grade A, or 90% of the maximum score. Grade B, 70% of the maximum score, was given to Areas I and VII. Grade C, 50% of the maximum score, included Areas II, IV and VIII. Area III, graded lower the standard of 50%, was excluded. The study evaluated areas according to a common standard, classified spaces by proper functions into ecological spaces, environmentally-friendly use spaces and use spaces according to the standard of spatial distribution on the basis of the above results through a synthesis of grades of habitat function, leisure function and use. This offers ideas for the improvement of wildlife habitat and environment-friendly use functions by space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.52-64
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• 2014

I the recent years, Seoul, Daejeon, Changwon, and Suncheon have started to strengthen P.R. efforts on eco-brands produced by the city and to publicize as a specialized tourist city in an attempt to change their identity and image. However, there is actually a question whether the efforts of the local governments have any direct impact on satisfaction with urban living environments and the attractions of the city. The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of residents and visitors about the attractions of Suncheon City as an eco-city and to discuss the planning criteria for the eco-city brand building and its management. The research data was collected in Suncheon City and main results of this study are as follows. The residents and the visitors investigated were satisfied with the environmental friendliness of this city and regarded it as an eco-city. As a result of asking them why they viewed the city as an eco-city, many of the residents cited diverse green tracts of land as the reason, whereas the visitors replied they were satisfied with the state of marshy areas preserved by the city. The psychological factors related to the satisfaction of the eco-city by the residents were composed of four factors, 'cultural factor', 'urban infrastructure factor', 'ecological factor' and 'scenery factor'. The visitors were composed of five factors, 'cultural factor', 'urban infrastructure factor', 'ecological factor', 'scenery factor' and 'amenity factor'. Out of the factors, the cultural factor and the urban infrastructure factor were found to exert the largest influence on the overall satisfaction of the residents and the visitors. The ISA(Importance-Satisfaction Analysis) was made, the residents and the visitors gave top priority to 'diversity of natural attractions', 'pleasant season and weather', 'beautiful scenery', 'diversity of rare animals and plants', 'diversity of parks', 'green areas and streets', 'broad ecological area' and 'the preservation of marshy areas' among the attractions of the eco-city. They placed importance on the activation of green traffic and walking environments as well, but they weren't satisfied with the state of the two in the city. Therefore there was much room for improvement in that regard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.89-106
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• 2020

This study examines the functionality and landscape design specifics of the outdoor space of representative commercial multi-complexes in Korea in order to overview the design trends of outdoor landscaping trends. Through surveying the composition of outdoor spaces along with their relation to the surrounding landscape, open spaces, and the neighboring communities, this paper identified the change in trends regarding the characteristics of outdoor landscape planning and acknowledged the enhanced public value of outdoor space. This study asserts that the characteristics of outdoor spaces can best be understood by examining the ways in which the outdoor space relates to adjoining commercial multi-complexes and the surrounding landscape. Focusing on the relationships that outdoor space establishes, commercial multi-complexes can be categorized as follows: in/outdoor separated type, in/outdoor semi-open type, surrounding landscape-projected type, and surrounding landscape-combined type. By studying the landscape design specifics of the outdoor space of representative cases of each type, the following has been concluded: First, the amount of outdoor space has expanded in terms of importance and function while serving to assist in various activities and participatory experiences, and no longer merely serves as a backdrop of commercial facilities. Second, with the strengthened connectivity between in/outdoor spaces, the elements of outdoor surroundings are more actively introduced indoors to improve amenities. Through directly connecting certain indoor program spaces with outdoor spaces, commercial multi-complexes tend to provide richer combined experiences. Third, with the expansion of outdoor space functionality, commercial multi-complexes are increasingly recognized as a quasi-public space, making good example of liminal space. In light of the recent case of development plans linked with public open spaces in suburban settings, commercial landscape design shows the possibility of creating an open space that can function as a center for local culture and green networks in the community.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

In order to resolve transportation system focused on vehicles which have led to all sorts of problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution and so on, Korea recently have tended to center around Transit Oriented Development(TOD) which is capable of initiating public traffic demands. It is imperative to develop objective evaluation method which is able to measure pedestrian environment and amenity in order to facilitate green transit. The purpose of this paper is to present evaluation indices and measurement framework of pedestrian environment by analyzing effect on TOD major planning factors such as diversity, density, design, and supply etc. For this, we applied evaluation index with regard to TOD planning factors, investigating connection to pedestrian and employed AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) so as to quantify the result of measurement in Jongro 3ga and Hangangjin station. As a result, we presented relationship between travel patterns of pedestrian and each TOD planning factor. More importantly, the proposed framework is expected to make the best of the visualization as well as evaluation method for the pedestrian accessibility, convenience of public transportation, and the mixed land-use patterns in subway area and transit center.