• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of underwear brand identity color on brand equity. A self-administered questionnaire mainly consisted of BI color, brand image, and brand equity for underwear. Five underwear brands (Calvin Klein, Yes, Solb, Venus, and Body Guard) were selected based on the frequency they were purchased in pilot study. To collect data, respondents were asked to choose a brand which they were most familiar with, and to assess BI color, brand image, and brand equity including cognitive value, emotional value and purchase intention. A total of 228 usable questionnaires were obtained from consumers aged 19 to 46. BI colors were classified into four color groups: Achromatic (white, black, gray), Vivid (red, blue, yellow), Pink, and Beige. Additionally, underwear brand images consisted of four factors: Sophisticated, Classic, Casual, and Elegant images. Findings showed significant differences in the four factors of brand image and cognitive brand value between the BI color groups. Also, the factor of cognitive value was higher for achromatic or beige brand color groups, than for vivid or pink color groups. Also, brand image factors had positive effects on cognitive or emotional brand value. Especially, the factor of emotional value was more likely to increase purchase intentions than cognitive value in the BI color groups. The implications for managerial decision marking in fashion marketing strategy were also discussed.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Purpose - In the past, designs for traditional products have usually focused on historic techniques. However, this tradition of using historic techniques has now been replaced by the trend of using the innovative design concept. Research design, data, and methodology - To measure future market trends and quality requirements, we apply the results of the questionnaires and analyze them with various experimental processes and a design methodology. In this way, we gauge the impact of the innovative product value chain on the promotion of new products. Results - Accompanied with an innovative product value chain, the product can stimulate the development of enterprise management, which has become the main issue in social and economic development in every developed country, and can facilitate the progress of enterprise management throughout the enterprise. Conclusions - Customer demand should be emphasized as the primary means to solve design problems, to design optimal solutions, to create differentiation with competitors, and to pursue optimal marketing strategies.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2008

This research was carried out to test and analyze capacity of the long distance sprayer fan in large livestock farmhouses. Long distance sprayer was manufactured to be able to spray a lot of water, which was a solvent for agricultural chemicals and black dye with the maximum spraying distance of 140 m and the effective spraying distance of 100 m. The spraying quantity and the distance were measured the intensity values of images within A4 papers, which absorbed the agricultural chemicals by spraying by binary image processing. These A4 papers were fixed upon the height of 1 m from soil ground at regular 10 m interval. After the A4 papers were collected and analyzed the intensity values of gray level. Gray level was ranged from 0 to 255, where 0 was black and 255 was white. A4 paper was fallen down from the stick at 10 m distance, because there were too large amount of sprayed water with black dye. Also, the paper showed low gray level at distance 30 m because of dropping lots of black water. The intensity value of gray level was showed almost less than 200 on the A4 papers between the distance 20 m and 100 m, which meant equality of spraying quantity. Additionally, it was possible to spay agricultural chemicals of until 180 m. Throughout this research, long distance sprayer could apply for preventing hoof-and-mouth disease in large livestock farmhouses.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.942-952
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• 2006

We propose an automatic segmentation method for identifying pulmonary structures using gray-level information of chest CT images. Our method consists of following five steps. First, to segment pulmonary structures based on the difference of gray-level value, we select the threshold using optimal thresholding. Second, we separate the thorax from the background air and then the lungs and airways from the thorax by applying the inverse operation of 2D region growing in chest CT images. To eliminate non-pulmonary structures which has similar intensities with the lungs, we use 3D connected component labeling. Third, we segment the trachea and left and right mainstem bronchi using 3D branch-based region growing in chest CT images. Fourth, we can obtain accurate lung boundaries by subtracting the result of third step from the result of second step. Finally, we select the threshold in accordance with histogram analysis and then segment radio-dense pulmonary vessels by applying gray-level thresholding to the result of the second step. To evaluate the accuracy of proposed method, we make a visual inspection of segmentation result of lungs, airways and pulmonary vessels. We compare the result of the conventional region growing with the result of proposed 3D branch-based region growing. Experimental results show that our proposed method extracts lung boundaries, airways, and pulmonary vessels automatically and accurately.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.567-582
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• 2015

Botrytis cinerea infects stems, leaves and fruits of greenhouse tomato and can cause serious economic losses. This study was conducted to develop organic farming control method against tomato gray mold. Twenty two organic farming materials including mineral and plant extracts were screened for the suppressive activity against Botrytis cinerea, in vitro and in vivo. Among the organic farming materials, sulfur, copper, Chinese twinleaf extract and rhubarb extract decreased by 51.7-90% of the spore germination of Botrytis cinerea. Also, gray mold incidence was reduced more than 90% on tomato stems by treating sulfur, seaweed extracts, rhubarb root extracts and Chinese twinleaf extract. After the selected four organic farming materials were applied on tomato cultivated in greenhouse, their control effects against the tomato gray mold were tested. When the water soluble sulfur was foliar-sprayed on the tomato leaves infected by artificial inoculation with spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea, it showed 87.9% of control value. Also, control activity of the water soluble sulfur was paralleled with chemical fungicide, diethofencarb+carbendazim. The above mentioned results indicate the sulfur formulation can be used as chemical fungicide alternatives for controlling tomato gray mold in the greenhouse.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2975-2980
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• 2015

Edge detection is one of image processing techniques applied for a variety of purposes in a number of areas and it is used as a necessary pretreatment process in most applications. Detect this edge has been conducted in various fields at domestic and international. In the conventional edge detection methods, there are Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts and LoG, etc using a fixed weights mask. Since conventional edge detection methods apply the images to the fixed weights mask, the edge detection characteristics appear somewhat insufficient. Therefore in this study, to complement this, preprocessing using gray-level transformation function and algorithm finding final edge using maximum and minimum value of estimated mask by local mask are proposed. And in order to assess the performance of proposed algorithm, it was compared with a conventional Sobel, Roberts, Prewitt and LoG edge detection methods.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.803-808
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• 2002

This paper describes automatic methods for detection of kidney and kidney tumor on abdominal CT scans. The abdominal CT images were digitalized using a film digitizer and a gray-level threshold method was used to segment the kidney. Based on texture analysis results, which were perform on sample images of kidney tumors, SEED region of kidney tumor was selected as result of homogeneity test. The average and standard deviation, which are representative statistical moments, were used to as an acceptance criteria for homogeneous test. Region growing method was used to segment the kidney tumor from the center pixel of selected SEED region using a gray-level value as an acceptance criteria for homogeneity test. These method were applied to 113 images of 9 cases, which were scanned by GE Hispeed Advantage CT scanner and digitalized by Lumisvs LS-40 film digitizer. The sensitivity was 85% and there was no false-positive results.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The purpose of this study would evaluate if having clinical effects on diffusion image with quantitative analysis through ADC values of brain's normal tissue and lesions before and after contrast injections using a 3.0T. From November in 2007 until December in 2008, a total of 32 patient was performed on 3.0T(Signa Excite, GE Medical System, USA) with the normal or lesions in the patient who requests diffusion weighted image with 8channel head coil. The pulse sequence was used with spin echo EPI(TR: 10000msec, TE: 72.2 msec, Matrix: 128*128, FOV: 240 mm, NEX: 1, diffusion direction: 3, b-value: 1000). Measurement results of ADC values on lesions, CSF, white matter, gray matter, lesions after contrast injection were measured less 75% than before contrast injection, infarction: 100%, CSF: 78%(high), white matter: 71.4%(low), gray matter: 50%(high, low). The results of paired t-test on the deference of ADC values which statically is significant in three(lesions, CSF, white matter)regions except for white matter(p<0.05). Quantitative analysis of lesions, CSF, white matter, gray matter have difference on all regions. ADC values were low in lesions and white matter, normal CSF after contrast injection commonly is high than before contrast injection, ADC values which white matter were high and low (50:50) after contrast injection. 3.0T diffusion weighted image clinically supposed that performing DWI examination after contrast injection was not desirable because of having effects on brain tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.330-335
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• 2001

Flake graphite cast irons with the high damping capacity have been used for the control of vibration and noise occurring in the members of various mechanical structures under vibrating conditions. However, the damping capacity which Is morphological characteristics of graphite is one of the important factors in reducing the vibration and noise, but hardly any work has deal with this problem. Therefore, the authors have examined the damping capacity of various cast irons with alloying elements and studied the influences of the matrix structures, mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of graphite. The main results obtained are as follows: Effects of Sb on the damping capacities and mechanical properties have been investigated in 3.6%C-0.2%Ni gray cast iron. At 0.02%Sb, specific damping capacity showed the maximum value, and decreased with further increase in Sb content. Mechanical properties showed opposite trend with the damping capacity. And then, effects of Ti on the damping capacities and mechanical properties have been investigated in 3.6%C-0.2%Ni-0.02%Sb gray cast iron. Specific damping capacity increased with increase in Ti content. Graphite length also showed same behavior. Tensile strength increased with Ti content due to refinement of pearlite. In the case of 0.14%Ti addition in 3.6%C-0.2%Ni-0.02%Sb cast iron, specific damping capacity and tensile strength was 36% and 25 $kgf/mm^2$ which are higher than 32% and 15 $kgf/mm^2$ at 3.6%C-0.2%Ni cast iron respectively.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ambient thermal environments on the development of swallowtail butterflies (Sericinus montela Gray). Developmental durations and survival rates of S. montela were examined at two crucial developmental stages, embryonic and larval development, at varying temperatures ranging from $15^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. As expected, our results indicated that increasing temperatures decreased the developmental duration and survival rate of the eggs. However, the larvae and pupae showed maximum survival rates at $20.0^{\circ}C$ and $25.0^{\circ}C$, and the represented durations were similar to those of the eggs. Larval development was stage-specific, revealing that the fourth and fifth instars at the later stages were more susceptible to temperature variation. When considering both parameters, the optimal development of S. montela occurred within the temperature range of $20.0-25.0^{\circ}C$. The lower threshold for the complete development of S. montela from eggs to eclosion of adults was calculated at $10.6^{\circ}C$ by linear regression analysis. The estimated value is similar to that of other endemic insects distributed in temperate climate zones, which indicates that S. montela belongs to a small group of swallowtails adjusted to low ambient temperatures. From the results, we predict that the full development of S. montela could be achieved within the temperature range of $17.5-30.0^{\circ}C$. Embryonic development ceased at both test temperature extremes, and no further larval development proceeded after the third instar at $35.0^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that embryogenesis can be significantly influenced by slight variations in the ambient thermal environment that fall below the optimal range.