• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2022

The Ministry of Environment has been working to reduce the impact on biodiversity, ecosystems, and social costs caused by soil runoff from highland Agricultural fields by setting up non-point pollution source management districts. To reduce soil loss, runoff path reduction technology has been applied, but it has been less cost effective. In addition, non-point pollution sources cause environmental conflicts in downstream areas, and recently highland Agricultural fields are becoming vulnerable to climate change. The Ministry of Environment is promoting the optimal management plan in earnest to convert arable land into forests and grasslands, but since non-point pollution is not a simple environmental problem, it is necessary to approach it from the aspect of NbS(Nature-Based Solution). In this study, a scenario for applying the nature-based solution was established for three subwatersheds west of Haean-myeon, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. The soil loss distribution was spatialized through GeoWEPP and the amount of soil loss was compared for the non-point pollution reduction effect of mixed forests and grasslands. When cultivated land with a slope of 20% or more and ginseng fields were restored to perennial grasslands and mixed forests, non-point pollution reduction effects of about 32% and 29.000 tons compared to the current land use were shown. Also, it was confirmed that mixed forest rather than perennial grassland is an effective nature-based solution to reduce non-point pollution.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2019년도 하계 학술발표초록집
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• pp.161-162
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• 2019

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1996

To estimate removal rate of phosphorus in aquatic grassland ecosystems of Paldangho, this investigation was conducted along with the coast of a lake. The experimental results may be summarized on communities of Typha angustata, Miscanthus sacchriflorus Phragmites communis and Scirpus tabernaemontani as follows. The annual production of phosphorus for the litters in T. angustata, M saccharsflorus, P. cam-munis and S. taiernaemontani grasslands were 10.252 g /$m^2$, 3.833 g /$m^2$, , 2.656 g /$m^2$, and 5.210 g /$m^2$, respectively. The ratio of annual production of P accumulated on surface soils in a steady state provides estimates of the removal rate r, The estimated removal rates r of P were 0.58, 0.78, 0.68 and 0.59 in T. angustata, M. sacchariflorus, P. communis and S. tabernaemontani grasslands re- spectively. The removal and accumulation of 50, 95 and of 99% of its steady state level, the estimates for P of T. angustata were 1.195, 5.173 and 8.623 years, in M. sacchariflorus were 0.880, 3.842, and 6.403 years, and in P. cammunis were 1.014, 4.390, and 7.316 years respectively, In S. tabernaemontani grassland required period were 1.178,5.099 and 8.500. Key words:T. angustata, S. tabernaemantani, P. communis, S. tabernaemontani, Paldangho, Removal rate, Phosphorus.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

We studied bird communities among in rice field (46 plots), short grallland (47plot), and tall grass mixed shrub (21 plots) during dry season, January 2007 in Boeung Prek Lapouv (BPL) Important Bird Area, Mekong Delta, Cambodia using the point-count method. Water depth, vegetation height and shrub density were significantly different among the three study areas. We recorded, 60 bird species, of which 13 differed significantly among habitats. Landbirds such as Grey-breasted Prinia (Prinia hodgsonii) and Oliver-black Sunbird (Nectarinia jugularis) were much more abundant (P<0.0001) in the tall grass mixed shrub, whereas the Sarus Crane (Grus antigone), herons and egrets were more abundant in the short grass (P<0.05). Bird species richness and species abundances were not significantly different among habitats. Bird species diversity (H') was higher in grasslands than in rice fields. Mosaic habitat matrix, such as rice field, short grass, and tall grass mixed shrub, should be maintained for the extend and quality of wetlands, and the prevailing human-land use patterns, appear adequate and conductive for waterbirds in the Mekong Delta, Cambodia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1690-1694
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• 2002

Genetic parameters were estimated for birth weight and weaning weight from three year (1991-1993) data totalling 1100 records of 25 rams to 205 ewes of Indigenous Sabi flock maintained at Grasslands Research Station in Zimbabwe. AIREML procedures were used fitting an Animal Model. The statistical model included the fixed effects of year of lambing, sex of lamb, birth type and the random effect of ewe. Weight of ewe when first joined with ram was included as a covariate. Direct heritability estimates of 0.27 and 0.38, and maternal heritability estimates of 0.24 and 0.09, were obtained for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. The total heritability estimates were 0.69 and 0.77 for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. Direct-aternal genetic correlations were high and positive. The corresponding genetic covariance estimates between direct and maternal effects were positive and low, 0.25 and 0.18 for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. Responses to selection were 0.8 kg and 0.14 kg for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. The estimated expected correlated response to selection for birth weight by directly selecting for weaning weight was 0.26. Direct heritabilities were moderate; as a result selection for any of these traits should be successful. Maternal heritabilities were low for weaning weight and should have less effect on selection response. Indirect selection can give lower response than direct selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2011

Almost half of New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions arise from agriculture and enteric methane ($CH_4 $) emissions arising from ruminant animals constitute 30% of total $CO_2$-e emissions. Enteric $CH_4$ emissions have increased by 9% since 1990. Extensive research has been undertaken to develop reliable methods for measuring enteric $CH_4$ emissions. New Zealand studies using the SF6 tracer technique suggest that on average this technique yields similar values to the 'gold' standard of calorimetry, but with a larger variance. National inventory estimates based on results obtained using the $SF_6$ technique will therefore overestimate the uncertainty. Mitigating emissions can be achieved by changing feed type but there are practical and cost barriers to the use of alternative feeds. Forages containing condensed tannins do reduce emissions but are agronomically inferior to the forages currently used. Rumen additives have shown some success in-vitro but results from in-vivo trials with both monensin and fumaric acid have been disappointing. The development of methods for directly manipulating rumen microorganisms are at an early stage and work to develop vaccines that can inhibit methanogenesis has yielded mixed results. The successful identification of sheep with contrasting $CH_4$ yields raises the possibility that, in the long term, a breeding approach to $CH_4$ mitigation is feasible.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1992

Cheju Island has an optimal environment for herviborous animal production. However, the infrastructure has been degraded under the pressure from the development of tourism and thus the technological development for livestock production has not been great. This is the time to re-evaluate and re-direct the system of livestock production on the island. My suggestions on the development of grassland agriculture on the island are as follows : 1. Grassland area of Cheju, 65,695 ha should be maintained and the local government should try to improve more grasslands which can hold 3 or more cattle per ha on pasture. including enterpriseowned lands. 2. For better management of co-operatives village. the local government should evaluate the conditions of the grasslands yearly after being grazed and suggest a new management method accordingly. 3. In order to strengthen grassland research. it is recommended that Cheju Experiment Station be reorganized as a Grassland Research Institute or Department of Grassland Science be added. 4. [mport of good forage varieties. especially legumes, from foreign countries and distribution to farmers after adaption studies, are required to improve nutritive values of forage produced. 5. Methods for production of good quality forage seeds at rcasonablc prices should be established.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2001

The biomass structure for three major components viz., the dominant grass, Chrysopogon zeylanicus Thw., the 'other grasses' and the'remaining species'and dry matter dynamics for total community were studied over a period of one year in an annual fire influenced subtropical humid grassland community in Western Ghats, India. The biomass of aboveground, belowground and litter compartments were high as in other humid grasslands and generally have positive correlation with rainfall, rainy days and relative humidity with the exception of litter parts. The above and belowground net primary productions (4,561 and 722 g/㎡, respectively) were also higher and were comparable with other humid tropical grasslands. The turnover of organic matter was rapid, Of the total input of 14.47 g/㎡ into the system, about 86.3% was allocated to above ground parts and 13.7% to below ground parts. The total disappearance was 2.56 g/㎡ and it was accounted to be 17.68% of the total output. The net surplus of dry matter (82.32%) in the post fire community indicates that the grassland was maintained in a seral stage. Hence it is suggested that prescribed burning may keep this ecosystem in a highly productive and seral stage.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2006

Wildlife roadkill is a serious problem for road planners and biologists concerned with traffic safety, species conservation, and animal welfare. The objective of this paper was to analyze the effect of land use on the frequency of mammal roadkills. This study took part in three steps. First, data for 1,279 road kills of nine species were collected by survey over 26 months on 107km of roads near the Mt. Jirisan area. Second, the type of land use near the roadkill points was analyzed, and the area of each land use within loom of the road was calculated using GIS. Finally, the question of whether the land use affects the Sequency of mammal roadkills was analyzed by determining the density of roadkill occurrences for each land-use type. The results of the study were as follows. First, the roadkill density of all species was highest near grasslands, especially natural grasslands. Second, when comparing forests and rice fields, roadkill densities of the Eurasian red squirrel, Siberian chipmunk and Korean hare were higher near the forests, while the densities of the raccoon dog, water deer and leopard cat were higher near rice fields. The results of this study could be an essential information source for mitigating the roadkill problem in Korea.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-120
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• 2023

In March 1245, Pope Innocent IV authorized three missions to the Mongols, seeking information about this menace from the East and summoning Eastern Christian support against an anticipated Mongol onslaught. Only one of the missions, led by John of Plano Carpini, reached Mongolia-the first-known Western European party to reach East Asia by a land route. Traveling along the Silk Road's new "Grasslands Route," John and his companion Benedict reached the camp of Güyüg Khan, where they witnessed his installation as the Great Khan. Upon their return to the papal court in 1247, they delivered Güyüg's letter demanding the submission of the pope and all the West's princes. John also presented a detailed report on what he and Benedict had learned. A close reading of it reveals a master intelligence operative at work. In addition to presenting an overview of Mongol history and culture, Friar John's report provides detailed information on the Mongols' grand strategy, their military organization and armaments, and their battle tactics. Turning from intelligence gathering to military operations, he offered practical advice on how to meet and defeat the coming Mongol onslaught, an attack that, providentially for the West, never came. What did occur was a modest but significant migration of Western missionaries and merchants to East Asia in the century following this pioneering journey.