• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.540-546
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• 1993

The effects of fluid flow on the purification of aluminum were studied. As the revolution rate(N) increased, the size of columnar grain decreased gradually. The concentration of solidified crystal was decreased with increasing distance from chill and revolution rate(N). Distribution boundary layer thickness(${\delta}$) was calculated from the solute distribution obtained in solid experimentally and by use of BPS equation. The value of ${\delta}$ changed from about $60{\mu}m$ at N value of 27rpm to about $15{\mu}m$ at N value of 1000rpm. From this result, high purification was obtained by decreasing the diffusion boundary layer under forced convection.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2013

With the synthesis of graphene on Cu using CVD, it was tried to show the behavior of graphene growth depending on the size and orientation of Cu grain. It was found out that even under the same temperature and pressure the use of different gases influences on the diffusion rate of Cu. As compared to Ar gas, Cu grain growing bigger under $H_2$ and $CH_4$ was resulted in bigger graphene grain. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test in room temperature and found out that the graphene on Cu was more stable in order of 10 than pure Cu due to the chemical stability of graphene. The future work of this research will focus on the synthesis of graphene having no defects including grain boundaries, and its engineering use.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.235-242
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• 2018

High temperature electrical conductivity of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) ceramics sintered with $Y_2O_3$ as a sintering aid has been investigated with respect to various sintering conditions and MgO-dopant. When magnesium oxide is added as a dopant, liquid glass-film and crystalline phases such as spinel, perovskite are formed as second phases, which affects their electrical properties. According to high temperature impedance analysis, MgO doping leads to reduction of activation energy and electrical resistivity due to AlN grains. On the other hand, the activation energy and electrical resistivity due to grain boundary were increased by MgO doping. This is a result of the formation of liquid glass film in the grain boundary, which contains Mg ions, or the elevation of schottky barrier due to the precipitation of Mg in the grain boundary. For the annealed sample of MgO doped AlN, the electrical resistivity and activation energy were increased further compared to MgO doped AlN, which results from diffusion of Mg in the grains from grain boundary as shown in the microstructure.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 1996

A study was made to examine the characteristics of base metal and stress relief cracking(SRC) of heat affected zone(HAZ) for HY-100 and Cu-bearing HSLA-100 steels. The Gleeble thermal/mechanical simulator was used to simulate the SRC/HAZ. The details of mechanical properties of base plate and SRC tested specimens were studied by impact test, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The specimens were aged at $650^{\circ}C$ for HSLA-100 steel and at $660^{\circ}C$ for HY-100 steel and thermal cycled from $1350^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ with a cooling time of $\Delta$t_${800^{circ}C/500^{circ}C}$=21sec. corresponds to the heat input of 30kJ/cm. The thermal cycled specimens were stressed to a predetermined level of 248~600MPa and then reheated to the stress relief temperatures of $570~620^{\circ}C$. The time to failure$(t_f)$ at a given stress level was used as a measure of SRC susceptibility. The strength, elongation and impact toughness of base plate were greater in HSLA-100 steel than in HY-100 steel. The time to failure was decreased with increasing temperature and/or stress. HSLA-100 steel was more susceptible to stress relief cracking than HY-100 steel under same conditions. It is thought to be resulted from the precipitation of $\varepsilon$-Cu phase by dynamic self diffusion of solute atoms. By the precipitation of $\varepsilon$-Cu phase, the differential strengthening of grain interior relative to grain boundary may be greater in the Cu-bearing HSLA-100 steel than in HY-100 steel. Therefore, greater strain concentration at grain boundary of HSLA-100 steel results in the increased SRC susceptibility. The activation energies for SRC of HSLA-100 steel are 103.9kcal/mal for 387MPa and 87.6kcal/mol for 437MPa and that of HY-100 steel is 129.2kcal/mol for 437MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2021

This study was investigated in carbon diffusion behavior of laser-carburized TiZrN coating layer and the changes of mechanical properties. The carbon paste was deposited on TiZrN coatings, and the laser was irradiated to carburize into the coatings. The XRD peak corresponding to the (111) plane shifted to a lower angle after the carburization, showing the lattice expansion by doped carbon. The decreased grain size implied the compression by the grain boundary diffusion of carbon. The XPS spectra for the bonding states of carbon was analyzed that carbon was substitute to nitrogen atoms in TiZrN, as carbide, through the thermal energy of laser. In addition, the combination of sp2 and sp3 hybridized bonds represented the formation of an amorphous carbon. The cross-sectional TEM image and the inverse FFT of the TiZrN coating after carburizing were observed as the wavy shape, confirming the amorphous phase located in grain boundaries. After the carburization, the hardness increased from 34.57 GPa to 38.24 GPa, and the friction coefficient decreased by 83 %. In particular, the ratio of hardness and elastic modulus (H/E) which is used as an index of the elastic recovery, increased from 0.11 to 0.15 and the wear rate improved by 65 %.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2011

The effects of $Dy_2O_3$ and $Er_2O_3$ co-doping on electrical properties and temperature stability of barium titanate ($BaTiO_3$) ceramics were investigated in terms of microstructure and structural analysis. The dielectric constant and the insulation resistance (IR) of 0.7 mol% $Dy_2O_3$ and 0.3 mol% $Er_2O_3$ co-doped dielectrics had about 60% and 20% higher than the values of undoped one, respectively, and the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) met the X7R specification. The addition of $Dy_2O_3$ contributed to electrical properties caused by increase of tetragonality; however, preferential diffusion of $Dy^{3+}$ ions toward A site in $BaTiO_3$ grain exhibited an adverse effect on temperature stability by grain growth. On the other hand, The $Er_2O_3$ addition in $BaTiO_3$ could affect the TCC behavior and the IR with suppression of grain growth caused by reinforcement of grain boundary and electrical compensation. Therefore, the enhanced electrical properties and temperature stability through the co-doping could be deduced from the increase of tetragonality and the suppression of grain growth.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 1995

2-3nm의 공간분해능을 갖는 전자에너지손실분광법(Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, EELS)을 이용하여, 전기적 특성조사된 YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$ 고온초전도체 쌍결정의 결정경계(grain boundary)에서 산소의 조성변화를 조사하였다. Misorientation angle이 $14^{\circ}$, $28^{\circ}$,$ 30^{\circ}$인 3개의 쌍결정 중에서 Josephson junction 특성을 보인 $28^{\circ}$ 및 $30^{\circ}$결정경계에서의 oxygen 1s absorption edge는 결정내부에서의 oxygen 1s absorption edge와 매우 다름을 알 수 있었다. 이는 결정경계에서의 산소조성이 결정내부에 비해 낮음을 의미하며, 그 영역이 결정경계 부근 20-40nm로, coherence length에 비해 큼을 알 수 있다. 반면에, flux pinningxmr성을 보인 $14^{\circ}$결정경계에서의 oxygen 1s absorption edge는 결정내부에서와 별 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 일반적으로 관찰되어온, misorientation angle이 큰 결정경계에서의 Josephson junction 특성은 결정경계 부근에서 산소의 조성이 낮아지는데에 기인하며, 그 원인은 결정경계면을 통해 산소가 out-diffusion되기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 1991

The synthesis of SrTiO3 powders having high purity and homogeneous submicron particle size was attempted by the oxalate method. The microstructure and dielectric properties of SrTiO3 based boundary layer capacitor (BLC) were investigated. Strontium titanyl oxalate[SrTiO(C2O4)2.4H2O] was prepared from the mixing solution of (Sr, Ti) using oxalic acid(H2C2O4) as a precipitating agent at 8$0^{\circ}C$. The crystalline SrTiO3 powder was obtained by thermal decomposition of the precipitate above $600^{\circ}C$. The crystalline SrTiO3 powder containing Nb2O5 as a dopant, TiO2 and SiO2 as additives was sintered at 1360~144$0^{\circ}C$ in the reducing atmosphere to get semiconductive SrTiO3. Insulating material containing PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3 frit was printed on the sintered semiconductive SrTiO3 and fired at 120$0^{\circ}C$ for 2h to get the grain boundary diffusion.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2003

The mechanical properties of STD11 Joints by using TLP (Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion) bonding method employing MBF-30 and MBF-80 insert metals were investigated with concerning to the microstructural change. TLP bonding of STD 11 was carried out at 1323∼1423K for 0.6ks∼3.6ks in vacuum. The microstructure and the element distribution of the interlayer between tool steels and insert metals showed specific feature with bonding conditions. It was found that the width of the interlayer increased at initial bonding stage. However, the width of interlayer showed nearly constant value during the isothermal solidification. After isothermal solidification was completed, the joint showed homogeneous element distribution and similar microstructure with base metal because of the grain boundary migration to the bonded interlayer. The bonding strength measured by a tensile test has been varied with the bonding conditions. The maximum joint strength, 760MPa, was obtained with the condition of 1423K for 1.2ks using MBF30 insert metal in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 1977

Compression creep of polycrystalline magnesia at about 1$600^{\circ}C$ under 5-40kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was examined, and also the effects on it of minor additives such as B2O3, CaO and SiO2 were examined. The high temperature creep of high purity magnesia was primarily controlled by the Nabarro-Herring type lattice diffusion of Mg in magnesia. B2O3 was included in the molten state and showed on increasing B2O3 contents. Some of the CaO and SiO2 were also included in the molten state, promoted the grain boundary sliding, so that creep rate was increased with an increasing content of them.