• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.679-684
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• 2007

Purpose: DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine) has been known to induce vascular neoplasm such as malignant endothelioma in animal experiment, through induction of abnormal proliferation of HUVECs. In our previous studies, 11 types of PKC isoenzymes were determined by RT-PCR and the expression of $PKC{\alpha}$, and ${\mu}$ was more prominent than other PKC isoenzymes in the DMH-treated group. However, this result was not based on objective assessment. In this study, we further evaluated the role of $PKC{\alpha}$ on the DMH-induced abnormal proliferation of HUVECs by two different methods to identify its presence with high relevance in objective view. $PKC{\mu}$ will be investigated in further study. Methods: The study was conducted with the cultured HUVECs group(control) and the $0.75{\times}10^{-9}M$ DMH-treated group. After processing protein extraction in 0 and 24 hour, extracted protein was treated of quantitative test through BCA protein assay. In the western blot analysis, electrophoresis was performed in the order of gel preparation, sample preparation, and gel running. Electrotransfer to nitrocellulose membrane and reaction with antibody were done. Detection of $PKC{\alpha}$ was achieved through "Gel Image Analysis System". In the fluorescence immunocytochemical analysis, the grading of radiance of the intracellular $PKC{\alpha}$ particles was detected with confocal microscope after treating with primary and fluorescent secondary antibody in 0 and 24 hours. Results: The Western blot analysis showed increased $PKC{\alpha}$ expression from the specimen obtained in 24 hour of the DMH treatment group when compared to those in control group. Under confocal fluorescence microscope, the emitting radiance in the DMH treated group was brighter at 24 hours as well. Conclusion: We believe that $PKC{\alpha}$ plays a role in DMH-induced abnormal proliferation of the vascular endothelium, which may provide insights in understanding the vascular neoplasm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

Objective : Leukoaraiosis (LA) has been suggested to be related to the poor outcome or the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after acute ischemic stroke. We retrospectively investigated the influences of LA on long-term outcome and the occurrence of sICH after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods : In this study, we recruited 164 patients with AIS and magnetic resonance image (MRI)-detected thrombolysis. The presence and extent of LA were assessed using the Fazekas grading system. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was used to assess the baseline measure of neurologic severity, and the modified Rankin Scale score assessment was used up to 1 year after thrombolysis. Results : Of 164 subjects, 56 (34.2%) showed LA on MRI. Compared to the 108 patients without LA, the patients with LA were of much older age (p<0.01), had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p<0.01), and had a much poorer outcome at 90 days (p=0.05) and 1 yr (p=0.01) after thrombolysis. There were no significant differences in sICH between patients with and without LA on MRI. In univariate analysis for the occurrence of poor outcome at 90 days after thrombolysis, the size of ischemic lesion on diffusion weighted images (DWI), [odds ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01-1.04; p<0.01], recanalization (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.10; p<0.01), sICH (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 1.54-95.8), neurologic severity (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.25; p<0.01), blood glucose level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; p=0.03), and the presence of LA on MRI (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.04-3.01; p=0.04) were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, neurologic severity (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24; p<0.01), recanalization (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11; p<0.01), lesion size on DWI (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; p=0.02), serum glucose level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI; 1.01-1.02; p=0.03), and the presence of LA on MRI (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.22-8.48; p<0.01) showed statistically significant differences. These trends persisted up to 1 yr after thrombolysis. Conclusion : In this study, we demonstrated that the presence of LA on MRI might be related to poor outcome after use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in AIS.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.130-134
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• 1997

목적: 역동적 자기공명영상에서 위암의 조영증강양상을 분석하여, 병변의 평가에 조영증강검사의 필요성을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 병리조직학적으로 증명된 12명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 1.0T 자기공명영상장치를 이용하였고, FLASH T1 강조영상기법으로 조영제 주입전, 30초 후, 60초 후, 90초 후에 각각 횡단스캔을 얻었다. 검사 전 환자에게 1리터의 물을 마시게 하였고 장진경제인 Buscopan을 근육주사 하였다. 각 시기에서 병변의 신호 대 잡음비를 측정하였고, 병변과 췌장, 병변과 위장내 물과의 신호차이 대 잡음비를 측정하였다. 또한 각 시기의 영상에서 병변의 두으러짐을 0-3등급으로 나누어 두 명의 방사선과 의사가 합의하에 평가하였다. 결과: 병변의 신호 대 잡음비는 조영증강 전, 조영증강 후 30초, 60초, 90초의 시간경과에 따라 점차 증가하였다(38.7,42.5,57.4,65.7). 병변과 췌장과의 신호차이 대 잡음비는 10.5, 9.33, 9.99, 10.66으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 병변과 위장내 물과의 신호차이 대 잡음비도 1.24, 25.01, 39.30, 45.89로 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 정성적 분석에서는 조영 전 영상이 조영 후 영상에 비하여 병변의 두드러짐이 컸다(평균등급:2.8, 1.8, 1.6, 1.5). 병변의 신호강도는 조영증강 후 90초 지연영상에서 가장 높은 신호강도를 보여 병변의 위강쪽은 뚜렷하게 보였다. 그러나 병변과 위 주위 지방조직의 신호강도 차이가 줄어들어 전체적으로는 조영증강 전 영상에서 조영증강 후 영상보다 병변이 분명하게 보였다. 결론: 위암의 역동적 자기공명영상의 조영 전 영상에서 조영 후 영상보다 병변이 분명하게 보이므로 조영증강은 필요 없다고 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.544-558
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내야외시험을 통하여 난주입수종의 방부성능을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 난주입수종의 방부처리에 적합하다고 판단되는 캐나다 방부목재 표준규격 CSA O80 Series-08 중 주거용 방부목 그룹 C와 D에 따라 방부 처리된 웨스턴 헴록과 스프루스의 방부성능을 야외시험을 통해 평가하였다. 제조된 샘플들은 자상처리를 실시한 후 alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ)와 copper azole (CA)로 방부처리를 실시하였다. 성능시험용 시편들은 2010년 11월 경남 진주에 조성된 야외시험장에서 AWPA E7-09와 AWPA E18-06 방법에 따라 지접부 및 지상부 성능시험을 수행하였으며 매년 정기점검을 통해 시편들의 부후 및 흰개미 가해상태가 조사되었다. 2017년 3월까지 약 6년 5개월 동안의 국내 야외시험 결과를 살펴보면 무처리 시편에서는 부후와 흰개미 가해가 심하게 발생되었지만 방부처리된 시편에서는 거의 발생하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 국내 목재사용환경에서 5 mm 침윤깊이의 적용가능성을 보여준다. 본 논문에서는 국내목재방부산업에서 난주입수종의 활용을 증가시키기 위해 고려되었으면 하는 부분을 침윤도와 보유량의 관점에서 논의한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.302-311
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• 1992

1984년 부터 1991년까지 영남대학 병원에서 치료한 거골 골절 및 탈구 환자에서 최장 8년에서 최단 1년간 원격 추시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 평균 30세 나이로 활동기 연령군이였으며, 전부 남자이었다. 2. 손상원인은 추락사고가 대부분이었으며, 교통사고, 스포츠손상 순이었다. 3. 거골 골절 및 탈구는 Marti-Weber 방법으로 분류하였으며, Type I 1례, Type II 1례, Type III 4례, Type IV 5례이였다. 4. 치료는 관혈적 정복술 및 내고정술을 6례에서 시행하였고, 나머지 5례는 도수정북솔로 치료하였다. 5. 치료 결과에 대한 평가는 Hawkins 등급 점수표를 이용하여 약 64%의 만족도를 얻을 수 있었으나, Type IV에서 결과가 좋지 않았다. 6. 합병증으로는 무혈성 괴사가 3례, 퇴행성 관절염이 8례, 불유합이 1례로 퇴행성 관절염의 빈도가 약 70%를 차지하였고, 거골하 관절에서 대부분 발생하였다. 7. 관절의 운동범위에서 건측에 비교하여, 족관절은 약 74%에서 유지되었으며, 거골하 관절은 건측에 비해 약 43%로 감소되었다. 이상에서 거골 골절 및 탈구시에는 빠른 관혈적 정복 및 내고정을 실시하고, 술후 적극적인 재활 치료를 하여 무혈성 괴사증이나, 퇴행성 관절염의 합병증을 줄이면 이차적인 수술을 하지 않을 수 있으며, 족관절의 기능도 가능한 유지할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2008

Objective: The authors reviewed clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with three column injury of the cervical spine who had undergone posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory alloy loop in the anterior-posterior combined approach. Materials: Nine patients were surgically treated with anterior cervical fusion using an iliac bone graft and dynamic plate-screw system, and the posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory loop ($Davydov^{TM}$) at the same time. A retrospective review was performed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Frankel grading method. We reviewed the radiological parameters such as bony fusion rate, height of iliac bone graft strut, graft subsidence, cervical lordotic angle, and instrument related complication. Results: Single-level fusion was performed in five patients, and two-level fusion in four. Solid bone fusion was presented in all cases after surgery. The mean height of graft strut was significantly decreased from $20.46{\pm}9.97mm$ at immediate postoperative state to $18.87{\pm}8.60mm$ at the final follow-up period (p<0.05). The mean cervical lordotic angle decreased from $13.83{\pm}11.84^{\circ}$ to $11.37{\pm}6.03^{\circ}$ at the immediate postoperative state but then, increased to $24.39{\pm}9.83^{\circ}$ at the final follow-up period (p<0.05). There were no instrument related complications. Conclusion: We suggest that the posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory alloy loop may be a simple and useful method, and be one of treatment options in anterior-posterior combined approach for the patients with the three column injury of the cervical spine.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluated the patterns of failure, survival rate, treatment-related toxicity and prognostic factors in postoperative radiotherapy of patients with ependymoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for ependymoma between the period of June 1994 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The age of patients ranged from 21 months to 66 years (median, 19 years). Seventeen patients had grade II ependymoma, and 13 had grade III anaplastic ependymoma according to the World Health Organization grading system. The postoperative irradiation was performed with 4 or 6 MV photon beam with median dose of 52.8 Gy (range, 45 to 63 Gy), and radiation field including 2 cm beyond the preoperative tumor volume. Median follow-up period was 51 months (range, 12 to 172 months). Results: Fourteen out of 30 (46.7%) patients experienced recurrence, and 12 of those died. Among those 14 patients who experienced recurrence, 11 were in-field and 3 were out-of-field recurrence. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 66.7% and 56.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor grade was a statistically significant prognostic factor for OS and PFS. There were two complications after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, including short stature and facial palsy on the left side. Conclusion: We observed good survival rates, and histologic grade was a prognostic factor affecting the OS and PFS. Almost all recurrence occurred in primary tumor site, thus we suggest further evaluation on intensity-modulated radiotherapy or stereotatic radiosurgery for high-risk patients such as who have anaplastic ependymoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (the treatment group) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy (the control group) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The search strategy included Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet Web, Chinese Biomedical Database and Wanfang Database. We also searched reference lists of articles and the volumes of abstracts of scientific meetings. All randomized controlled trials were included for a meta-analysis performed with RevMan 5.1.0. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE) was used to rate the level of evidence. Results: Eleven studies were included. Risk ratios of 0.99 (95%CI 0.72-1.36), 0.37 (95%CI 0.20-0.69), 1.08 (95%CI 0.84-1.38), 0.98 (95%CI 0.75-1.27) were observed for 3 years overall survival, 3 years progression-free survival, 2 years loco-regional failure-free survival and 2 years distant metastasis failure-free survival. There were no treatment-related deaths in either group in the 11 studies. Risk ratios of 1.90 (95%CI 1.24-2.92), 2.67 (95%CI 0.64-11.1), 1.04 (95%CI 0.79-1.37), 0.98 (95%CI 0.27-3.52) were found for grade 3-4 leukopenia, grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3-4 mucous membrane, and grade 3-4 hepatic hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity, the most significant toxicities for patients. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated but could not significantly improve prognosis in terms of overall survival, loco-regional failure-free survival or distant metastasis failure-free survival.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1999

목적 : 본 논문의 목적은 반월상 연골 파열의 치료에서 meniscal arrow의 역할을 분석하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 1997년 5월부터 1998년 8월까지 반월상 연골이 파열되어 meniscal arrow를 사용하여 봉합한 22명 22례를 대상으로 하였다. 추시 기간은 평균 14.7개월(7~22개월)이었으며, 평균 연령은 27세(18~51세)였다. 성별은 남자 19명, 여자 3명이었고 우측이 12례, 좌측이 10례였다. 동반손상은 전방십자인대 파열이 16례, 내측 측부인대 손상이 1례였으며, 파열위치는 후각부가 19례, 중앙부가 3례였다. 연골판의 파열 형태는 종파열이 14례, bucket handle형 파열이 7례, 수평 파열은 1례였고, 환자 1례당 봉합을 위하여 사용된 meniscal arrow는 평균 2.5개(1-4개)였다. 임상적 결과의 판정은 Tapper와 Hoover의 분류를 기준으로 하였고, 술 후 운동범위를 측정하였으며, 동통, 잠김, 불안정 등의 주관적 증상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 수술시 연골 봉합술에 소요된 시간을 측정하였다. 결과 : 임상적 결과는 우수가 16례, 양호가 4례 그리고 보통이 2례 였다. 최종 추시시 운동 범위는 평균 135도(120~140도)였으며 1례를 제외한 모든 환자에서 동통, 잠김, 불안정 등을 호소한 례는 없었다. 수술시 연골의 봉합술에 소요된 시간은 평균 25분(15-40분)이었다. 22례 중 이차 관절경을 시행한 환자 3례 모두에서 파열 부위는 완전 치유되어 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론 : Meniscal arrow는 반월상 연골 파열에 대하여 동반손상이나 파열부위에 따라 선택적으로 사용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2006

Background and Objetive : The aim of this study is to report 3 cases of facial palsy following microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm patients. It is a rare disease, with few research on the effect of acupuncture therapy on it. Material and Method : We selected 3 cases of facial palsy following microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm patients, among patients who visited the Facial palsy Clinic of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center. We treated them with acupuncture therapy(ST6, ST4, BL2, TE17, GV24, GV14, and Ex-HN4 of the healthy side, and LI4 and ST36 of both sides) and aroma therapy. After treatment we observed and checked any changes within clinical symptoms using the House-Brackmann Grade and the Yanagihara's Unweighted Grading System. Result and Conclusion : 1. All three cases were of hemifacial spasm patients who had facial palsy following microvascular decompression. The patients visited 27 months(Case1), 2 months(Case2) and 7 months(Case 3) after the surgery respectively. 2. Period of time till complete recovery is 23 months(Case1), 8 months(Case2) and 3 month (Case3) respectively. 3. All three cases had symptoms of sequelae: retraction of mouth toward the healthy side and involuntary spasm of lips. The later the initiation of treatment after the sugery, the more severe symptoms of sequelae.