• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권
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• pp.63-94
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• 2002

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.163-180
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• 2016

We study the structure of an arbitrary graded Lie triple system $\mathfrak{T}$ with restrictions neither on the dimension nor the base field. We show that $\mathfrak{T}$ is of the form $\mathfrak{T}=U+\sum_{j}I_j$ with U a linear subspace of the 1-homogeneous component $\mathfrak{T}_1$ and any $I_j$ a well described graded ideal of $\mathfrak{T}$, satisfying $[I_j,\mathfrak{T},I_k]=0$ if $j{\neq}k$. Under mild conditions, the simplicity of $\mathfrak{T}$ is characterized and it is shown that an arbitrary graded Lie triple system $\mathfrak{T}$ is the direct sum of the family of its minimal graded ideals, each one being a simple graded Lie triple system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.883-886
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• 1999

Recently, with the development of computer technology, field instrument and control system using in industrial fields have changed from mechanical, electrical systems to digital electronic systems. Distributed control system(DCS), control functions are dispersed for grading up reliability and informations are combined fur effective management has been developed and sold. As this system has been enlarged and complicated, it is difficult to testing the system and very important to verifing functions systematically. In this report, function test procedure which is performed spontaneously by domestic or foreign DCS manufacturer was searched and analyzed. As its results, the test procedure of DCS functions were proposed. The proposed procedure was applied to DCS being used for a thermal power plant. The function test for DCS requires continuous and dynamic input/output signals, therefore we proposed the method to compose virtual plant which simulate the DCS functions with. And we suggested the test procedure of each DCS function.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Evaluation of toxicological pathology is to some extend subjective judgments by pathologist and the accuracy of pathologist's works is based on the individual training and experiences. It has been required to establish a peer review system for toxicologic pathology and these review system has been employed by various practice of toxicological pathology. It would be pointed out that the possible causes of drifts in pathology are due to 1) lack of knowledge or experience of individual pathologists, 2) poorly maintained consistence of grading among animals in study, 3) different interpretation of findings between pathologists, or 4) pathology data processing. Example cases of diagnostic errors and current practice of peer review including tissue selection criteria, documentation and problem resolution for short-term and carcinogenicity studies were introduced. For sound regulatory system and high integrity of practice in toxicological pathology, current approaches of peer review system were reviewed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.215-227
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• 2006

After reviewing China's appearance and research on the Math open-ended problems, together with the application of those problems in mathematics test of Shanghai Senior Middle School Entrance Exams (SSMSEE) since 1999, this paper points out the difficulty in establishing an evaluation system for such problem. Through comparative study, the paper gives an operational definition of open-ended problem, and it attempts to establish an evaluation system and non-systematic competence targets that are appropriate to Math open-ended problems. Meanwhile, it describes the performance feature of those targets. By applying the standard international grading system of difficulty, it discusses the elements of difficulty in Math open-ended problems, and puts forward an evaluation as well as a level-of-difficulty forecasting system that is appropriate to the Middle School Entrance Exam.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2011

Many countries have run their own certification systems in order to reduce the environmental loads from buildings. Domestically, various systems are applied according to building types from Building Energy Efficiency Rating System since 2001 to Green Home Construction Standard and Performance since 2009. However, these systems provide the applicants with confusion and waste by exposing them to several systems simultaneously, some of which are mandatory. Therefore, this study aims to ensure the flexibility among those systems and eliminate the possible waste by suggesting mutual accreditation method of evaluation results. To achieve this purpose, firstly, the thirteen similar evaluation items are identified between Housing Performance Grading Indication System and Green Building Rating System. Then, the mutual accreditation method is developed by comparing detailed evaluation criteria and credits for those thirteen items.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2000

일반적으로 농산물의 품질은 무게나 크기 등을 직접 측정하여 판정하거나 간접 또는 비파괴방법을 이용하여 판정하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 비파괴를 이용한 판정방법인 칼라 영상처리를 이용하여 농산물의 품질과 등급을 결정하는 알고리즘을 개발하여, 이를 실시간 귤 분류시스템에 적용하였다. 개발된 시스템은 귤의 크기와 색상을 칼라 영상처리 하여 초당 최대 6개를 실시간 분류 할 수 있는 성능을 가지고 있다. 또한 다른 농산물의 품질판정을 위한 제어기를 설계할 경우에도 본 논문에서 개발한 알고리즘이 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

Most of fruit quality classification has been done by time consuming, inaccurate and intensive manual labor. This study proposed an automated fruit grading system based on appearances and internal flavors. In this study, image processing technique and a weight checker were used to measure the value of appearance features and the near infrared spectroscopy analysis method was used to estimate the value of internal flavors. Additionally, I suggested 8x8x5x5 ANN based fruit quality classifier model to grade fruits quality. The proposed automated fruit quality classification system is expected to be very beneficial for many farms where heavy manual labor is usually needed for fruit quality classification.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture therapy with Hominis Placenta pharmacopncture therapy in hospitalized patients with peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We investigated 34 cases of patients with peripheral facial paralysis who were admitted into the Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion of Dongshin University Suncheon Oriental Hospital from February 1, 2014 to June 31, 2015. Subjects were divided into two groups, Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture group(HR group), and Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture group(JH group). HR group was treated by Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture five times a week and JH group was treated by Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture five times a week. And both groups were treated by acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medicine therapy, western drug therapy equally. To investigate the effectiveness of treatment, we used House-Brackmann Grading System, Yanagihara's unweighted grading system and Sunnybrook facial grading scale at before admission and after admission. Results : Each scores by 3 evaluation methods improved both in two groups. However, there were no significant differences in improvement between two groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that the Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture therapy is as effective as Hominis Placenta pharmacopuncture therapy to improve symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2003

Rose and chrysanthemum are the most popular flowers in Korean floriculture. Sorting flowers is a labor intensive operation in cultivation of the cut flowers and needed to be mechanized. Machine vision is one of the promising solutions for this purpose. This study was carried out to develop hardware and software of a cut flower sorting system using machine vision and to test its performance. Results of this study were summarized as following; 1. Length of the cut flower measured by the machine vision system showed a good correlation with actual length of the flower at a level of the coefficients of determination (R$^2$) of 0.9948 and 0.9993 for rose and chrysanthemum respectively and average measurement errors of the system were about 2% and 1% of the shortest length of the sample flowers. The experimental result showed that the machine vision system could be used successfully to measure length of the cut flowers. 2. Stem diameter of the cut flowers measured by the machine vision system showed a correlation with actual diameter at the coefficients of determination (R$^2$) of 0.8429 and 0.9380 for rose and chrysanthemum respectively and average measurement errors of the system were about 15% and 7.5% of the shortest diameter of the sample flowers which could be a serious source of error in grading operation. It was recommended that the error rate should be considered to set up grading conditions of each class of the cut flowers. 3. Bud maturity of 20 flowers each judged using the machine vision system showed a coincidence with the judgement by inspectors at ranges of 80%∼85% and 85%∼90% for rose and chrysanthemum respectively. Performance of the machine vision system to judge bud maturity could be improved through setting up more precise criteria to judge the maturity with more samples of the flowers. 4. Quality of flower judged by stem curvature using the machine vision system showed a coincidence with the judgement by inspectors at 90% for good and 85% for bad flowers of both rose and chrysanthemum. The levels of coincidence was considered as that the machine vision system used was an acceptable system to judge the quality of flower by stem curvature.