• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

For median filtering (MF) detection in altered digital images, this paper presents a new feature vector that is formed from autoregressive (AR) coefficients via an AR model of the gradients between the neighboring row and column lines in an image. Subsequently, the defined 10-D feature vector is trained in a support vector machine (SVM) for MF detection among forged images. The MF classification is compared to the median filter residual (MFR) scheme that had the same 10-D feature vector. In the experiment, three kinds of test items are area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), classification ratio, and minimal average decision error. The performance is excellent for unaltered (ORI) or once-altered images, such as $3{\times}3$ average filtering (AVE3), QF=90 JPEG (JPG90), 90% down, and 110% up to scale (DN0.9 and Up1.1) images, versus $3{\times}3$ and $5{\times}5$ median filtering (MF3 and MF5, respectively) and MF3 and MF5 composite images (MF35). When the forged image was post-altered with AVE3, DN0.9, UP1.1 and JPG70 after MF3, MF5 and MF35, the performance of the proposed scheme is lower than the MFR scheme. In particular, the feature vector in this paper has a superior classification ratio compared to AVE3. However, in the measured performances with unaltered, once-altered and post-altered images versus MF3, MF5 and MF35, the resultant AUC by 'sensitivity' (TP: true positive rate) and '1-specificity' (FN: false negative rate) is achieved closer to 1. Thus, it is confirmed that the grade evaluation of the proposed scheme can be rated as 'Excellent (A)'.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2000

목 적 : Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증은 자반증, 위장관 증상, 관절통, 그리고 신염을 특징으로 하는 전신적인 질환으로, 신염이나 신증후군의 증상을 나타내거나 심한 단백뇨가 한 달 이상 지속되면 반드시 신생검을 해야 할 뿐 아니라 예후도 좋지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 신염으로 진단받은 환아들 중 신증후군을 동반했던 예를 모아 임상적 특징 및 병리학적 소견과 치료에 대한 반을 양상에 대해 고찰하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 경희의대 소아가에서 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증으로 진단받은 206명의 환아 중 신증후군을 동반한 34명의 환아를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 남녀비 1:3:1이었고, 발병당시 연령은 평균 8.3세였다. 2) 첫 조사의 시작으로부터 신생검을 시행할 때까지의 기간은 평균 10.5주였다. 3) 가장 처음 나타난 증상은 자반증(74$\%$)이 위장관 증상(26$\%$)보다 많았으며 발병당시의 동반증상으로는 위장간 증상이 68$\%$, 관절증상이 35$\%$에서 있었다. 4) 급성 신염을 동반한 신증후군이 32.4$\%$였고, 육안적 혈뇨를 동반한 경우가 17.6$\%$, 현미경적 혈뇨를 동반한 경우가 50$\%$였다. 5) 신생검 소견은 ISKDC의 분류에 따라 II도가 20례, III도가 11례, I도가 2례, IV도가 1례 순이었고, V, VI도를 보이는 증례가 없었으며, 신증상의 정도에 따라 병리 조직학적 소견이 심해지는 양상은 관찰되지 않았다. 6) 신조직의 면역형광 검사상 IgA와 C3의 침착이 가장 많았다. 7) 모든 례에서 Methylprednisolone pulse therapy 후 prednisolone을 투여하였고, 1례에서는 cyclophosphamide를 추가하였다. 8) 신생검상 grade I 의 환아는 모두 완전히 회복되었으며(states A) grade IV의 1례는 활동성 신질환(states C)을 보여주었다. grade II의 21$\%$, grade III의 27$\%$에서 states C를 나타냈으며 states D는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 신증후군을 동반한 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증 환아에서급성 신염을 동반하거나 신생검상 crescents를 보일 경우 좀 더 적극적인 치료가 필요하며, 이 질환의 경우를 자세히 알기 위해 추적 기간을 늘려서 전향적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.52-64
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• 1991

The actual vegetation and environmental impact grade of Daekwanrim in Hamyang were investigated and the structure of the plant community was analyzed by the classification of TWINSPAN and three kinds of multivariate ordination (PCA, RA, DCA) techniques.Twenty-eight plots were set up by the clumped sampling method in June of 1990. Carpinus laxiflora and C. tschonoskii communities covered 38% and Quercus species communities covered 39% of the total rea. Environmental impact class 3 and 4 area. Twenty-eight plots were divided into three groups according to the degree of damage by TWINSPAN and ordination techniques. The dominant species in the shrub layer of the heavily damaged site and the light damaged site were Styrax japonica and Sasamorpha purporanscens, so the sucessional trends should be disturbed. As a result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and the environmental impact class, they had a tendancy to increase from the light damaged to heavily damaged site.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.201-212
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of Beavers Systems Model on adolescent adjustment. For this study adolescents' perceptions of family health/competence family style and adolescent adjustment were utilized. The 443 subjects were selected randomly from the second grade of middle schools and high schools in the city of Taegu. The instruments of measurement were SFI II State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Depression Scale Self-Esteem Scale and Delinquency Scale. Factor Analysis Cronbach's a, MANOVA and Scheffe test were conducted for the data analysis. The conclusion of this research findings was as follows: There is significant differences I nadolescents' anxiety depression global self-esteem social-peer self esteem property predatory behaviors and school-norm avoidant behaviors by the family functioning types of BSM. Therefore the group classification by BSM was generally useful in evaluating adolescent adjustment.

• 복식
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to understand clothing culture in the middle of Chosun Dynasty by observing the vocabularies in Mrs. Sooncheon Kim's letters written in pure Korean in the 16th Centuries. To analyze the vocabulary, classification was made into three groups : names of clothing, material, verb, and observe the constituent and change on vocabularies. The results are as follows : - The vocabularies of clothing in letters in 16th Centuries consist of pure Korean, Chinese and Mongolia, and most of them are pure Korean. - Most of the vocabularies which are not used today were pure Korean : Garamei·Myentei…. - The vocabularies changed and used today had the definite meaning from that of general : Godo, Cheksum. The vocabularies of material haying various unit of measurement and grade according to the material of clothing mean the systematic development of physical culture of that time, and the development of the various modifications of the act and expression mean the varlous ways of clothing life.

• 산업공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2007

Numerous countries promote business programs to revitalize local economy, increase employment, and nurture high-tech industries. Recently, a number of business incubators have been established and operated with aims to adapt to changing environment and increase economic competitiveness in Korea. To give satisfactory results of governmental policy, the requirement to develop the evaluation model to support effective operations of business incubators using the objective and rational criteria is growing. The purpose of this study is to develop evaluation model in Business Incubator using Data Mining Process. We suggested the evaluation model of business incubator, 'Score-5 RS' consists of making evaluation factor process using weighted sum and 5-grade classification and analyzing process by Decision Tree algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.402-406
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• 2018

In contrast to many of the malignant tumors that occur in the central nervous system in adults, the management, responses to therapy, and future perspectives of children with malignant lesions of the brain hold considerable promise. Within the past 5 years, remarkable progress has been made with our understanding of the basic biology of the molecular genetics of several pediatric malignant brain tumors including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour, and high grade glioma/diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The recent literature in pediatric neuro-oncology was reviewed, and a summary of the major findings are presented. Meaningful sub-classifications of these tumors have arisen, placing children into discrete categories of disease with requirements for targeted therapy. While the mainstay of therapy these past 30 years has been a combination of central nervous system irradiation and conventional chemotherapy, now with the advent of high resolution genetic mapping, targeted therapies have emerged, and less emphasis is being placed on craniospinal irradiation. In this article, the present and future perspective of pediatric brain malignancy are reviewed in detail. The progress that has been made offers significant hope for the future for patients with these tumours.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.217-238
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• 2001

As an exploratory study, the purpose of this study was twofold. First, to show the process for developing a pathfinder with for assessing how the end users analyze a pathfinder ("a usability test"). Second, to provide a pathfinder for fashion marketing fields. Organised especially for students of the Fashion Graduate School in Dongduk Women's University, this pathfinder included books, periodicals, Internet web sites, online stores, brands, and apparel organizations. Participants in the test evaluated the pathfinder with medium to high grade in terms of contents, classification, and quantity of resources. In particular, they acknowledged the usefulness of a pathfinder. The results could provide helpful guidelines for the design of pathfinders. In addition, this publication provides additional information that focuses on fashion marketing fields.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2014

The results which are from naturalness assessment and visual assessment was examined to accomplish a classification, a conclusion, a comparison and an analysis. Also statistical test was examined to identify applicability of the survey to other rivers according to the result of visual assessment. As a result of naturalness assessment and visual assessment, evaluation rate of Geumho river is the highest rank of the grade as 2.5. Also t-test was examined to apply items of visual assessment at other rivers through differences in means of river naturalness rates from which visual assessment results. Most of differences in means of river naturalness rates are significant. Thus assessment criteria can be applied to other rivers to find out unique characteristics because each item has independent characteristics.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

This paper deal with the stability evaluation and suggestion of progressive failure slope in biotite granite area of Andong. Based on geological site investigation and field test, stability analysis of slope was performed in conjunction with limit equilibrium methods and stereographic projection. Additionally, initial design and construction procedure was critically evaluated. Series of the slope stability analysis reveals the detection of local wedge and plane failure under the current slope condition. It is additionally appeared that a certain synthetic behavior of circle and plane failure exists on the right spot where the overall failure's going in progress. In order to construct more stable slope based on the suitability for the real state of the slope circumstances, this study issues a solution to eliminate the primary factors which cause the instability, by means of the grade of weathering and RMR classification of rock mass.