• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.891-894
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• 2014

This study is aimed to investigate the role of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and compared its performance with the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. In our study, 130 cases with a diagnosis of ASC-H from the cervical cytological screening by Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) technique were selected for triage. Their cervical scrapings were collected and evaluated by using PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) and high-risk HPV DNA test (HC2), followed by colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Chi-square test were used to test the differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. In the detection of CIN2+, the sensitivity, specificity, the PPV, NPV and the accuracy of PAX1 MS-HRM assay and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) tests were respectively 80.6% vs 67.7%, 94.9% vs 54.5%, 83.3%, vs 31.8%, 94.0% vs 84.4%, and 91.5% vs 57.7%. The PAX1 MS-HRM assay proved superior to HR-HPV testing in the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2+) in ASC-H. This approach could screen out the majority of high grade lesion cases of ASC-H, and thus could reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term survival outcomes and prognostic factors that affect the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for major salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 44 patients who underwent surgery followed by radiotherapy for primary MEC of the major salivary glands between 1991 and 2014. The median follow-up period was 9.8 years (range, 0.8 to 23.8 years). Results: The overall outcomes at 5 and 10 years were 81.5% and 78.0% for overall survival (OS), 86.2% and 83.4% for disease-free survival, 90.6% and 87.6% for locoregional recurrence-free survival, and both 90.5% for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Histologic grade was the only independent predictor of OS (low vs. intermediate vs. high; hazard ratio = 3.699; p = 0.041) in multivariate analysis. A poorer survival was observed among patients with high-grade tumors compared with those with non-high-grade tumors (5-year OS, 37.5% vs. 91.7%, p < 0.001; 5-year DMFS, 46.9% vs. 100%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy resulted in excellent survival outcomes for patients with major salivary gland MEC. However, high-grade tumors contributed to poor DMFS and OS. Additional aggressive strategies for improving survival outcomes should be developed for high-grade MEC.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-91
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for conservation of natural resources by surveying the flora distributed in Juwangsan National Park. The numbers of flora were summarized as 575 taxa; 99 families, 333 genera, 507 species, 4 subspecies, 56 varieties and 8 forms. The threatened species was Eleutherococcus senticosus, and the rare plants were 17 taxa; Anaphalis sinica, Jeffersonia dubia, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Berchemia berchemiaefolia and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 13 taxa; Salix pseudolasiogyne, Carpinus laxiflora, Pseudostellaria coreana, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Corydalis albipetala and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 69 taxa; 31 taxa of grade I, 16 taxa of grade II, 8 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade IV and 7 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 27 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum, Rumex crispus, Chenopoidum album, Amaranthus patulus, Lepidium apetalum and so forth, and the invasive alien plants were Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Aster pilosus. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 18 taxa; Anemone reflexa, Eranthis stellata, Hylomecon vernalis, Lathyrus vaniotii and so forth. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 31 taxa; Dianthus longicalyx, Thalictrum ichangense, Spiraea blumei, Glycine soja and so forth.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1708-1717
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• 2023

The grade analysis of lead-zinc ore is the basis for the optimal development and utilization of deposits. In this study, a method combining Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) technology and machine learning is proposed for lead-zinc mine borehole logging, which can identify lead-zinc ores of different grades and gangue in the formation, providing real-time grade information qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. Firstly, Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain a gamma-ray spectrum data set for training and testing machine learning classification algorithms. These spectra are broadened, normalized and separated into inelastic scattering and capture spectra, and then used to fit different classifier models. When the comprehensive grade boundary of high- and low-grade ores is set to 5%, the evaluation metrics calculated by the 5-fold cross-validation show that the SVM (Support Vector Machine), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor), GNB (Gaussian Naive Bayes) and RF (Random Forest) models can effectively distinguish lead-zinc ore from gangue. At the same time, the GNB model has achieved the optimal accuracy of 91.45% when identifying high- and low-grade ores, and the F₁ score for both types of ores is greater than 0.9.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to assess grade and gender differences in dietary behavior, food preference and perception about body image of students in 4, 5 and 6th grades in elementary school in Kwangju. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were $137.98{\pm}6.79cm\;32.69{\pm}6.09kg$, in the 4th grade, $144.11{\pm}6.91cm,\;36.88{\pm}7.60kg$ in the 5th grade and $151.52{\pm}7.47cm,\;42.68{\pm}8.06kg$ in the 6th grade. Height and weight of male and female students of each grade were very similar to those of the Korean standard Growth data. Females in the 5th and 6th grades were taller than those in male students, which suggested the height growth spurt in females. Furthermore, both genders showed marked variability even in the same group. All the three different obesity indices(BMI, Rohrer and % of ideal body weight) showed higher value in males than in females consistently. Male respondents desired taller and heavier body shape while females perceived they were heavy and desired only taller and thinner body image. There were significant differences in satisfaction with height, weight and body image by grade(p<0.05). 36.7% of subjects responded that they did not eat despite hunger. In higher grade they felt guilty after eating sweet things. Strikingly, it was noted a small number of students tried to take a diet pills or vomited on purpose. Data on food preference showed that female did not like sweet food and pork. While male students preferred red meat and chicken. Thus result indicated that there was a great difference in food preference by gender.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2019

We examined the quality characteristics of four kinds of Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramma surimi (APS), five kinds of golden threadfin bream Nemipterus virgatus surimi (GTS), and two kinds of giant squid Ommastrephes bartrami surimi (GSS) used in Korea. The volatile basic nitrogen contents of APS, GTS, and GSS increased with decreasing grade to 6.8-9.8, 5.5-8.3, and 143.5-177.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The Ca²⁺-ATPase activities of APS and GTS decreased with decreasing grade to 0.63-0.83 and 0.60-0.80 pi μmole/min/mg, respectively. The Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of RA-grade GSS was 0.82-0.91 pi μmole/min/mg. The whiteness values of APS, GTS, and GSS heat-induced gels were 54.0-71.4, 53.9-71.0, and 52.2-70.3, respectively, and that of both APS and GTS decreased with decreasing grade. The gel strengths of APS and GTS heat-induced gels were 412.3-769.4 and 280.2-456.5 g·cm, respectively, and decreased with decreasing grade. The total amino acid contents of SA-grade APS, SSA-grade GTS, and RA-grade GSS were 17,328.1, 17,965.0, and 14,846.8 mg/100 g, respectively, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, lysine, proline, alanine, and phenylalanine. The primary minerals were sodium (136.6-164.9 mg/100 g), potassium (45.7-160.4 mg/100 g), phosphorus (35.0-73.5 mg/100 g), sulfur (22.8-56.4 mg/100 g), and calcium (18.0-203.4 mg/100 g).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2012

Spatial ability has been valued as a talent domain and important skill in mathematics education because it enhanced an intuitive view and an understanding in many areas of mathematic. In addition, spatial ability highly correlates with mathematics achievement, indicating its crucial role in success in mathematics education. Some researchers founded gender differences in mathematics and spatial ability, and indicated that spatial ability served as a mediator of gender difference in mathematics. This study explored the spatial ability of 349 Korean middle school students (Grade 7-9), and investigated the association among students' spatial ability and their mathematics achievement, gender, and grade. The result of this study shows that spatial ability correlates positively with mathematics achievement. While gender difference did not exist in mathematics, significant gender difference existed in spatial ability favoring male students.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

The purpose of this survey was to develop the scale for measuring scientific attitudes. This instrument was contain 37 items of five-point Likert format. This survey is designed to measure scientific attitudes of elementary school 3-6 grade. The main results of this survey are as follows: (1) The internal consistency(reliability) was estimated using Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient. The ${\alpha}$ coefficient was 0.91. (2) Male students exhibited more positive attitudes than females according to 2-Way ANOVA. (3) The interaction effect of sex and grade is not significant in level ${\alpha}=.05$. (4) The constructed scale was administered to 343 childrens in grade 3 to 6 of 8 elementary schools in Seoul and Kyeung-gi province.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2002

Concerning the water quality management plan about Buk-stream, Ohsip-stream and Gagok-stream water systems in this research, which objectives of abstract is as follows. The result of cleanness degree evaluation of water quality in this research, the first grade was 91% shared in Buk-stream water system. The most point of the middle and upper stream of Buk-stream was maintain extremely clean water quality. Among the researched water system, the first grade of water quality in Ohsip-stream water system was most poor, its first garde rate was 68%. In all water quality check point of Gagog-stream water system was accomplished extremely clean water quality condition of first grade of BOD. The calculation result of pollutant loading density, which were 8.2, 21.5, 4.0kg/day.$\textrm{km}^2$. respectively and basin of Buk-stream and Gagok-Stream have high development potentiality.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

목적: H. pylori는 현재 인체에서 매우 높은 감염률을 보이고 있고 세균의 위내 집락형성이 위염, 궤양성 질환 및 위암 등 많은 위장 질환의 발생과 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 비관혈적이고 편리하게 사용될 수 있는 C-14 요소호기검사의 진단성능을 알아보고 정량적 측정치가 내시경 생검에 의한 H. pylori 분포 정도와 상관관계가 있는지를 비교분석함으로써 치료후 추적관찰에 침습적인 내시경적 검사를 대체할 수 있는 유용성이 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 최근 4주 이내에 H. pylori 박멸요법을 받지 않는 150명의 환자(남:녀=83:67, 나이, $48{\pm}11.2$세)를 대상으로 균박멸요법 시행전에 위십이지장내시경 및 생검, CLO 검사, C-14 요소호기검사를 시행하였다. 조직생검 결과를 금과옥조로 하여 침습적인 CLO 검사와 비침습적인 C-14 요소호기검사의 H. pylori 감염 진단성능을 비교분석 하였고 Wyatt법에 의한 조직검사의 등급(0-4)과 C-14 요소호기검사의 정량적 수치와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: H. pylori 감염에 대한 CLO 검사의 민감도 83.2%, 특이도 81.4%, 양성예측도 91.8%, 음성예측도 81.4%, 정확도는 82.7% 이었다. C-14 요소호기검사는 민감도 92.5%, 특이도 88.4%, 양성예측도 97.1%, 음성예측도 88.4%, 정확도는 91.3% 이었다. 병리조직검사에서 등급 0은 $45{\pm}27dpm$, 등급 1은 $707{\pm}584dpm$, 등급 2는 $1558{\pm}584dpm$, 등급 3은 $1851{\pm}604$, 등급 4는 $2719{\pm}892dpm$으로 조직검사의 등급이 높을수록 C-14 요소호기검사의 정량적 수치가 높게 측정되었다(r=0.848, p<0.01). 결론: C-14 요소호기검사는 H. pylori 감염을 진단하는데 CLO 검사에 비하여 높은 민감도와 정확도를 보이는 비침습적이고 간편한 임상적으로 유용한 검사 방법이며, 정량적 수치는 병리조직검사에 의한 H. pylori 분포와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 치료 후 추적관찰에 내시경적 검사와 더불어 균박멸 유무를 진단하는데 유용한 지표로 이용될 수가 있을 것으로 사료된다.