• 한국작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1978

패모린경의 무게를 15gr, 3gr, 5gr, 7gr, 9gr의 5등급별로 나뉘어 파종하였을 때에 그에 따른 발아상태, 초장, 개화, 자구 및 수량에 대하여 조사하였다. 1. 인경의 무게가 1.5gr 및 3gr되는 것은 발아시, 발아기간이 5gr, 7gr, 및 9gr되는 것에 비하여 발아시가 늦고 발아기간이 긴 경향을 나타냈고, 초장도 3∼5분지 1밖에 되지 않었다. 2. 개화는 인경이 무겁고 영양상태가 양호한 7gr∼9gr 상태에서 50％∼75％ 였으나, 3gr이하의 것은 1％에 불과했다. 또한 자구는 5gr이상에서 현저한 증가를 보였다. 3. 수량을 증가시키기 위하여서는 5gr이상의 패모를 사용하여야 한다는 사실을 알게 되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

Objectives : Investigation of the antidepressant effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) through the anti-inflammatory effect. Methods : Depression in rats was induced by LPS (i,p.3days). The rats were treated with GR100 mg/kg (GR 100) or GR400 mg/kg (GR 400). The depressive immobility was examined with Tail Suspension Test(TST) and Forced Swimming Test(FST). The expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B)$, $I{\kappa}B$ was measured with western blotting. The concentration of corticosterone, cytokine in plasma was measured with ELISA. The expression of c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the locus coeluleus(LC) were measured with immunostaining method. Results : In the TST, GR400 group significantly decreased immobility time compared with the LPS group. In the FST, GR100, GR400 group significantly decreased immobility time comparing with the LPS group. c-Fos expression in GR100 and GR400 group was decreased comparing with the lipoplysaccharide(LPS) group. The $I{\kappa}B$ expression of GR100 and GR400 group was increased comparing with the LPS group. The level of corticosterone of GR100 group was decreased comparing with the LPS group. The concentration of cytokine of GR100 and GR400 group was decreased comparing with the LPS group. TH expression in the LC was increased in LPS group, but in GR100 and GR400 group was not shown significant decrease. Conclusion : According to this results obtained, GR has antidepressant effects by the anti inflammatory action through the suppression of HPA axis activity, not through the action against the catecholaminergic system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2020

Background: Oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis is a key pathological process in ischemic heart disease. Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) to alleviate oxidative stress. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) prevents the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; however, the role of GR in this process is unclear. Therefore, the effects of GRb1 on GR were investigated in this study. Methods: The antiapoptotic effects of GRb1 were evaluated in H9C2 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and Western blotting. The antioxidative effects were measured by a reactive oxygen species assay, and GSH levels and GR activity were examined in the presence and absence of the GR inhibitor 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the binding of GRb1 to GR. The direct influence of GRb1 on GR was confirmed by recombinant human GR protein. Results: GRb1 pretreatment caused dose-dependent inhibition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell apoptosis, at a level comparable to that of the positive control N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The binding energy between GRb1 and GR was positive (-6.426 kcal/mol), and the binding was stable. GRb1 significantl reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased GSH level and GR activity without altering GR protein expression in H9C2 cells. Moreover, GRb1 enhanced the recombinant human GR protein activity in vitro, with a half-maximal effective concentration of ≈2.317 μM. Conversely, 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea co-treatment significantly abolished the GRb1's apoptotic and antioxidative effects of GRb1 in H9C2 cells. Conclusion: GRb1 is a potential natural GR agonist that protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of H9C2 cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2024

Background: Recently, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have been isolated, and active research was focusing on understanding their properties and functions. In this study, the characteristics and molecular properties of ginseng root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GrDENs) were examined in terms of skin protection. Methods: HPLC-MS protocols were used to analyze the ginsenoside contents in GrDENs. To investigate the beneficial effect of GrDENs on skin, HaCaT cells were pre-treated with GrDENs (0-2 × 10⁹ particles/mL), and followed by UVB irradiation or H₂O₂ exposure. In addition, the antioxidant activity of GrDENs was measured using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry. Finally, molecular mechanisms were examined with immunoblotting analysis. Results: GrDENs contained detectable levels of ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rf, Rg2 (S), Gyp17, Rd, C-Mc1, C-O, and F2). In UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, GrDENs protected cells from death and reduced ROS production. GrDENs downregulated the mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes, including BAX, caspase-1, -3, -6, -7, and -8 and the ratio of cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GrDENs reduced the mRNA levels of aging-related genes (MMP2 and 3), proinflammatory genes (COX-2 and IL-6), and cellular senescence biomarker p21, possibly by suppressing activator protein-1 signaling. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the protective effects of GrDENs against skin damage caused by UV and oxidative stress, providing new insights into beneficial uses of ginseng. In particular, our results suggest GrDENs as a potential active ingredient in cosmeceuticals to promote skin health.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.143-149
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• 1997

the horizontal corrosion fatigue tester has been developed for investigating environmental strength. Using this tester, we investigated about corrosion fatigue caracteristic for A106 GrB steel weldments in 3.5% synthetic seawater and room temperature. Considered parameter is only frequency of 1,3 and 5Hz. and Corrosion fatigue crack length was measured by DC potential difference method. From the results, we could find that the horizontal corrosion fatiued tester could be well applied to estimation of fatigue strength. and In case of 5Hz, corrosion fatigue crack growth path of A106 GrB steel weldment was transgranular, and of 1 and 3Hz showed that transgranular and intergranular was mixed. Also, Corrosion fatigue crack growth caracteristic values estimated in each frequency were C=9.33 x 10-9 and m=2.93 in 1Hz, C=9.77x10-10 and m=3.47 in 3Hz, C=1.02x10-10 and m=4.05 in 1Hz

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2003

The international government committee is progressing their agreements about intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge(TK), gene resource(GR), folklore(FL) in WIPO. It is in the course of selection with precedence of TK, GR, FL in WlPO, focused on discussions about listing of TK documents, standardization of DB construction, sharing and profit distribution of GR. Their are disagreements between developed countries and underdeveloped countries about intellectual property protection agreements of TK, GR. The developed countries insist on using, the existing intellectual property protections, but the underdeveloped countries ask new ones on character of TK, GR, It causes intangible assets to be valuable trade properties in future world trade. We have to make national plans to face agreements about IP of TK, GR in WIPO with our own TK, GR. We must have a basic attitude about laying down these plans such as raising national economy, considering our TK, GR to be relics of mankind culture. In addition to these, it needs accurate analysis about agreements in WIPO, our TK, GR, scientific mechanical level and capital power.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제9권3호통권21호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of Ga-mee-Gwui-ryong-tang herbal acupuncture(GR-HA) at GB39 and ST36 and the effect of Yuk-mee-ji-hwang-tang herbal acupuncture(YM-HA) at GB39 and KI10 on growth in mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 7 group(n=10) ; saline-ST36, saline-GB39 and KI10, GR-HA-ST36 group treated with GR-HA at right ST36, GR-HA-GB39 group treated with GR-HA at right GB39, YM-HA-GB39 group treated with YM-HA at right GB39, YM-HA-KI10 group treated with YM-HA at right KI10. Saline-ST36 group, saline-GB39 group and saline-KI10 group were injected with saline at right ST36, GB39, KI10 respectively. Saline injection and HA were performed 3 times a week for 18 days. The length(total height, body length and tail length), weight and the protein efficiency ratio were measured as well as IGF-1 level in serum. Results : 1. GR-HA at GB39 and GR-HA at ST36 promoted growth in weight, tail length and total height but there was no statistical significance. 2. GR-HA at GB39 significantly promoted protein efficiency on the 14th day and GR-HA at ST36 on the 3rd day. 3. GR-HA at GB39 significantly increased serum IGF-1. GR-HA at ST36 increased IGF-1 slightly but with no statistical significance. 4. YM-HA at GB39 and YM-HA at KI10 promoted growth in weight, height, tail length and total height but there was no statistical relevance. 5. YM-HA at GB39 and YM-HA at KI10 significantly promoted protein efficiency on the 14th day. 6. YM-HA at GB39 and YM-HA at KI10 significantly increased serum IGF-1. Serum IGF-1 level of YM-HA-KI10 group was significantly higher than that of YM-HA-GB39 group. 7. Serum IGF-1 level of GR-HA-GB39 group was significantly higher than that of YM-HA-GB39 group. Conclusions : GR-HA and YM-HA both may promote growth. This study suggests that herbal acupuncture at GB39 is more effective with Gwui-ryong-tang than Yuk-mee ji-hwang-tang to promote growth. It also suggests that Yuk-mee ji-hwang-tang herbal acupuncture is more effective at KI10 than at GB39.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1980

수집된 재래종 옥수수 계통 가운데서 옥수수 육종에 이용할 수 있는 새로운 육종재료를 선발하고 유지하기 위하여 1978년에 각각 아매교배, 일대자식 그리고 Top-교배시킨 69계통에 대하여 옥수수의 주요특성을 조사비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초장은 계통간에 큰 차이가 있었는데 평균초장은 아매교배된 것이 155.0cm이었고 일대자식된 것은 141.8cm, Top-교배된 것은 210.0cm로 6.05%의 자식열세 및 40.0%의 잡종강세를 나타내었다. 2. 이삭길이는 계통간에 큰 차이가 있었고 교배처리에 따라서도 큰 차이를 보였는데 평균 이삭길이는 아매교배된 것이 14.1cm, 일대자식된 것이 11.6cm, Top-교배된 것이 18.1cm로 로 16.0%의 자식열세현상 및 18.1%의 잡종강세현상을 나타내었다. 3. 이삭직경은 평균적으로 아매교배된 것이 3.4cm, 일대자식된 것이 3.1cm, Top-교배된 것이 3.9cm로 8.7%의 자식열세 및 16.8%의 잡종강세를 보였다. 4. 이삭중은 계통간 변이폭이 컸으며 평균 이삭중은 아매교배된 것이 77.6gr이었고 일대자식된 것은 45.5gr, Top-교배된 것은 147.0gr으로서 41.3%의 자식열세 및 89.6%의 잡종강세를 나타내었다. 5. 이삭당 입중은 아매교배된 것이 평균 64.39gr, 일대자식된 것이 36.49gr, Top-교배된 것은 123.1gr으로서 교배처리에 따라 큰 차이가 있었으며 계통간에도 큰 차이가 있었다. 6. 이삭당 Cob중에 대한 입중비는 평균으로 아매교배된 것이 5.47, 일대자식된 것은 4.03, Top-교배된 것은 5.55로서 12.9%의 자식열세 및 13.1%의 잡종강세를 보였다. 7. 100입중은 계통간 차이가 있었으며 평균 100 입중은 아매교배된 것이 19.4gr, 일대자식된 것이 16.2gr, Top-교배된 것이 24.6gr으로서 15.3%의 자식열세 및 42.9%의 잡종강세현상을 보였다. 8. 재래종은 대조품종보다 흑수위축병에 대한 이병율이 낮았으며 10% 이하인 것도 10여 계통이나 발견되었다. 9. 웅수출현기는 교배처리에 따라서는 큰 차이가 없었고 재래종이 대조품종보다 2～3일 빨랐다. 10. 수집재래종 옥수수의 주당 이삭수는 평균 1.4개이었는데 교배처리간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 착수절위는 평균 6절이며 교배처리간 약간의 차이가 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.9-10
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• 2015

Generally significant reinforcement is used in nuclear power plant structures and may cause potential problems when concrete is poured. In particular pouring concrete into structural member joint area is more difficult than other areas since the joint area is very congested due to the crossed bars and the embedded plates, The purpose of this study is to solve these problems by applying Gr.80(550MPa) shear bars to containment structures of nuclear power plant. In order to apply them to containment structures, it is necessary to change ASME-CC code (ASME Sec.III Div.2). The structural performance tests of wall & beam have been done to compare Gr.80(550Mpa) with Gr.60(420MPa) shear bars. The test results and code change proposal were presented to ASME-CC Committee last year and the discussion for code change will be expected to proceed in the near future.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1997

The horizontal corrosion fatigue tester has been developed for investigating environmental strength. Using this tester, we investigated about corrosion fatigue caracteristics for A106-Gr B steel weldments in 3.5% synthetic seawater and room temperature. Considered parameter is only frequency of 1, 3 and 5Hz.. and Corrosion fatigue crack length was measured by DC potential difference method. From the results, we could find that the horizontal corrosion fatigue tester could be well applied to estimation of fatigue strength. and, In case of 5Hz., corrosion fatigue crack growth pate of A106-Gr B steel weldment was transgranular, and of 1 and 3Hz. showed that transgranular and interfranular was mixed. Also, Material constants of corrosion fatigue crack growth estimated in each frequency were C=9.33$\times$$10^{-9}$ and m=2.93 in 1Hz., C=9.77$\times$$10^{-10}$ and m=3.47 in 3Hz., C=1.02$\times$$10^{-10}$ and m=4.05 in 5Hz