• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2001

This paper demonstrates an explicit-implicit, finite element analysis for linear as well as nonlinear hygrothermal stress problems. Additional features, such as moisture diffusion equation, crack element and virtual crack extension(VCE) method for evaluating J-integral are implemented in this program. The Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics(LEFM) Theory is employed to estimate the crack driving force under the transient condition for an existing crack. Pores in materials are assumed to be saturated with moisture in the liquid form at the room temperature, which may vaporize as the temperature increases. The vaporization effects on the crack driving force are also studied. The ideal gas equation is employed to estimate the thermodynamic pressure due to vaporization at each time step after solving basic nodal values. A set of field equations governing the time dependent response of porous media are derived from balance laws based on the mixture theory. Darcy's law is assumed for the fluid flow through the porous media. Perzyna's viscoplastic model incorporating the Von-Mises yield criterion are implemented. The Green-Naghdi stress rate is used for the invariant of stress tensor under superposed rigid body motion. Isotropic elements are used for the spatial discretization and an iterative scheme based on the full Newton-Raphson method is used for solving the nonlinear governing equations.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.3287-3296
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• 1994

For the numerical computation of three-dimensional compressible flow field within a blade row in a centrifugal compressor, a quasi 3-dimensional solver which combines a reversible B-B flow and an irreversible H-S flow using finite element methods was developed. In a reversible B-B flow, the governing coordinates are modified in order to be applied to any type of turbomachinery, and two kinds of stream functions are introduced in order to make the Kutta condition exactly satisfied. In an irreversible H-S flow, the changes of entropy in the irreversible governing equations are determined not by empirical source but by the theoretical treatment of dissipation forces. The dissipation forces are obtained from the distribution of shear stresses in the flow passage which are given from the wall shear stresses using the exponential functions. A more accurate quasi-3-dimensional solver is established where the effect of body forces is involved in the non-axisymmetric H-S flow. Some numerical results obtained from authors' previous studies for axial flow machines assure that the present method is able to predict well as long as the flow is subsonic and not under strong viscous effect.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1448-1456
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• 2002

The present study addresses the flow characteristics involved in the self-induced oscillations of the underexpanded jet impinging upon a cylindrical body. Both experiment and computational analysis are carried out to elucidate the shock motions of the self-induced oscillations and to find the associated major flow factors. The underexpanded sonic jet is made from a nozzle and a cylindrical body is placed downstream to simulate the impinging jet upon an obstacle. The computational analysis using TVD scheme is applied to solve the axisymmetric, unsteady, inviscid governing equations. A Schlieren system is employed to visualize the self-induced oscillations generated in flow field. The data of the shock motions are obtained from a high-speed video system. The detailed characteristics of the Mach disk oscillations and the resulting pressure variations are expatiated using the time dependent data of the Mach disk positions. The mechanisms of the self-induced oscillations are discussed in details based upon the experimental and computational results.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1998

This paper describes the analysis of flow field around an automobile. The governing equations of the 3-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the iterative time marching scheme. The Chimera grid technique has been applied to efficiently simulate the flow around the side-view mirror. To validate the capability of simulating the flow around a ground vehicle, the flows around the Ahmed body with 12.5$^{\circ}$ and 30$^{\circ}$ of slant angles are simulated and good agreements with experiment and other numerical results are achieved. To validate Chimera grid technique, the flow field around a cylinder was also calculated. The computed results are also well agreed with other numerical results and experiment. After code validations, the flow phenomena around the ground vehicle are evidently shown. The flow around the side-view mirror is also well simulated using the Chimera grid technique.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2004

Objectives and methods : This research aims to study about conversion system of channels. In the present study, we investigated the movement and conversion of channels on the base of three step theory(三才論), Yeak(易), Hado.Laksea(河圖洛書) and five elements motion and six kinds of factors(Six-Qi). Results and Conclusions : The organization of meridian is composed of the following three parts: hand and foot, Yin and Yang, and the viscera and bowals. It is play an important role in energy flow and its conversion. The law governing energy conversion is divided into three groups i.e. taiyin-yangming channel, shaoyin-taiyang channel and jueyin-shaoyang channel group. Those are composed of Deadea(對待) of Six-Qi, making the body homeostasis. Taken together, we suggest that the conversion system of meridian is founded on the unity between the human body and nature which provides the medical workers with a necessary method of thinking in treating diseases.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2024

This paper examines the wave velocity of protein microtubules using a elasticity model that incorporates body forces, based on the structure of these hollow cylinder-like structures., the governing equations are analytically solved to determine how the body forces effect the wave velocity. To analyze the microtubule waves velocity, use microtubules with simply supported ends. The electric field of a dipole vibrating at the same frequency as microtubule vibrations approximates the electric field generated by the rhythmic motion of every charge. The numerical findings for the three modes of frequencies in the longitudinal, radial, and torsional directions for the current conditions are compared with the results of previous calculations.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2013

In the present study, a flow analysis for estimating the wave loads acting on a stationary floating body inside a viscous numerical wave tank was performed using the commercial software FLUENT. The governing equations for the viscous and incompressible fluid motion were the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations, and a piston-type wavemaker was employed to reproduce wave environments. First, the optimal simulation conditions were derived through numerical tests for the wavemaker and wave absorber, and then the wave loads and wave run-up on a vertical truncated cylinder were estimated and compared with the experimental and other numerical results.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2014

This paper presents a numerical simulation method for the flow around advancing ships in regular waves by using a rectilinear grid system. Because the grid lines do not consist with body surface in the rectilinear grid system, the body geometries are defined by the interaction points of those grid lines and the body surface. For the satisfaction of body boundary conditions, no-slip and divergence free conditions are imposed on the body surface and body boundary cells, respectively. Meanwhile, free surface is defined with the modified marker density method. The pressure on the free surface is determined to make the pressure gradient terms of the governing equations continuous, and the velocity around the free surface is calculated with the pressure on the free surface. To validate the present numerical method, a vortex induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon and flows around an advancing Wigley III ship model in various regular waves are simulated, and the results are compared with existing and corresponding research data. Also, to check the applicability to practical ship model, flows around KRISO Container Ship (KCS) model advancing in calm water are numerically simulated. On the simulations, the trim and the sinkage are set free to compare the running attitude with some other experimental data. Moreover, flows around the KCS model in regular waves are also simulated.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권3호통권46호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 일반화된 21개 강성 매트릭스의 독립 변수를 모두 사용하였고 비등방성 3차원 탄성체의 지배 방정식 및 수치 해석 근사식을 유도하였다. 일반화된 3차원 해석은 2차원 해석의 제한성을 극복하는 정밀해를 보여줄 수 있으며, 두꺼운 보나 판, 또는 쉘에서 전단 변형 효과에 의한 처짐의 증가 효과를 더욱 정밀하게 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 3차원 비등방성 탄성체에 대하여 다양한 경계조건에 따른 유한 차분식을 유도하였으며 이를 전산화하여 해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 특히, 본 논문에서는 자유경계조건에 대하여 개선된 유한차분법의 적용 방식을 제시하였다. 또한 탄성체의 각 방향 자유경계면에서 경계조건을 해결할 수 있는 일반화된 방식을 제시하였다. 몇가지 수치예제를 통하여 이러한 유한차분 경계처리 방식에 의한 비등방성 3차원 탄성체 해석의 타당성 및 거동을 분석하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.900-907
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• 2000

The three-dimensional turbulent flow in curved pipes susceptible to flow-accelerated corrosion has been analyzed numerically to predict the pressure and shear stress distributions on the inner surface of the pipes. The analysis employs the body-fitted non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system and a standard $ {\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model with wall function method. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations. The convection term is approximated by a high-resolution and bounded discretization scheme. The cell-centered, non-staggered grid arrangement is adopted and the resulting checkerboard pressure oscillation is prevented by the application of a modified version of momentum interpolation scheme. The SIMPLE algorithm is employed for the pressure and velocity coupling. The numerical calculations have been performed for two curved pipes with different bend angles and curvature radii, and discussions have been made on the distributions of the primary and secondary flow velocities, pressure and shear stress on the inner surface of the pipe to examine applicability of the present analysis method. As the result it is seen that the method is effective to predict the susceptible systems or their local areas where the fluid velocity or local turbulence is so high that the structural integrity can be threatened by wall thinning degradation due to flow-accelerated corrosion.