• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2002

It is not easy to analyze dynamic sports motion, but it can be done easily by using an interactive playback of the recorded motion. Everybody is able to capture a golf swing owing to the popularization of PC and digital camcorder in these days. In this study, the system that can provide golf swing analysis is selected and implemented. Furthermore, editing method that can represent motion is applied and moving object tracking algorithm that can make this profess easy is applied to provide easy golf swing analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of modified golf swing training on gait characteristic in hemiplegic patient through Kwon 3D motion analysis system. Methods: This study has performed single subject design from September to October 2008. The subject had left hemiplegia due to CVA in December 2003. He has treated Bobath approach twice a week. In order to increase ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion, the subject has applied modified golf swing training on the basis of Bobath approach. The measurement of gait characteristic was taken by Kwon 3D motion analysis system. Results: The results were as follows : 1) Walking velocity was increased 0.62m/sec than before the training. 2) Step length was increased 0.09m than before the training. 3) Left ankle and hip angle were increased, but left knee angle was decreased. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the activity modified golf swing training in walking pattern contributed to improve the movement quality and speed of gait.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to compare differences in biomechanical factors according to distance changes in relation to approaches during a round of golf to obtain basic data on golf swings. Methods: The research subjects were 8 KPGA-affiliated professional golfers who performed approach shots that put a ball into a circle of 8 feet in diameter from distances of 30, 50, and 70 m. Data were collected by using six infrared cameras and a ground reaction force device, which were applied to calculate biomechanical factors by using Kwon3D XP. The calculated data were subjected to one-way ANOVA by using SPSS 20.0, with the significance level set at p value of 0.05. Results: Elapsed time, stance width, clubhead position variation, clubhead synthesis speed, and cocking angle significantly differed according to distance change during the approach swing. Clubhead speed was positively related with stance width and clubhead displacement. Ground reaction force significantly differed according to distance change during the approach swing. Factors before and after showed differences in other states, except in the impact state. Conclusion: In the present study, we drew several conclusions regarding biomechanical factors and ground reaction forces according to distance change in the approach swing of professional golfers. According to these conclusions, we suggest that distance control with swing range is more important than power control in maintaining the accuracy and consistency of golf swing and is the most important mechanism of golf swing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of golf shoe design on kinematic variables during golf swing. Five professional male golfers with shoe size 270mm were recruited for the study. Swing motion was collected using 8 high speed camera motion analysis at a sampling of 180Hz. Kinematic variables were calculated by EVaRT 4.2 software. Driver swing was divided into four events; El(adress), E2(top), E3(impact) and E4(finish). Time, peak velocity, velocity of center of mass, velocity of the foot and ankle angle during Phase 1(El-E2), Phase 2(E2-E3), and Phase 3(E3-E4) were analyzed in order to investigate the relationship between golf shoe design and swing performance. The findings indicated that type C golf shoes would be beneficial for stability and control of movement during address and swing performance. Furthermore, faster speed of golf shoes, center of mass, and both feet were observed with Type C golf shoes. It is expected that golfers with Type C golf Shoes provide greater force as they control the center of mass faster and increase rotational force during impact compared to other golf shoes.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.426-433
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity of the lower extremity during driver swing in three-foot positions (Feet Open Stance, Feet Straight Stance, Lead Foot Open Stance). The electromyograms of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis during swing were measured and analyzed in three sections (take away - back swing, back swing - down swing, and down swing - follow swing). There was no significant difference in muscle activity according to foot position. Muscle activity according to phase was significantly higher in right gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, and the left and right vastus lateralis in down swing - follow swing. In conclusion, the difference in muscle activity according to foot position is insignificant, and it is considered that the muscle activity to maintain the balance of the body increases toward the end of swing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in biomechanical variables of golf driving motion according to gender. Method: A total of 21 healthy golfers (11 men and 10 women) who have more than 5 years of professional experience and have been registered in the Korea Golf Association was recruited. A 250-Hz 8-camera motion capture system (MX-T20, Vicon, LA, USA) was used to capture the motion trajectories of a total of 42 reflective markers attached to the golfer's body and club. Moreover, two 1,000-Hz AMTI force plates (AMTI OR6-7-400, AMTI, MA, USA) were used to measure the ground reaction force. The mean and standard deviation for each parameter were then calculated for both groups of 21 subjects. SPSS Windows version 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. The independent t-test was used to determine the differences between groups. An alpha level of .05 was utilized in all tests. Results: There were differences in joint angles according to gender during golf driver swing. Men showed a statistically significantly higher peak joint angle and maximum range of angle in sagittal and frontal axis of the pelvis, hip, and knee. Moreover, women's swing of the pelvis and hips was found to have a pattern using the peak joint angle and range of angle in the vertical axis of the pelvis and hip. There were the differences in peak joint moment according to gender during golf driver swing. Men used higher joint moment in the downswing phase than women in the extensor, abductor, and external rotator muscles of the right hip; flexor and adductor muscles of left hip joint; and flexor and extensor muscles of the right knee. Conclusion: This result reveals that male golfers conducted driver swing using stronger force of the lower body and ground reaction force based on strength of hip and thigh than female golfers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analysis golf swing in accordance with each club using ground reaction force data. The subject of this study was current professional golf players in Korea. Golf clubs used for this study were driver, iron4, iron7, and pitching. The ground reaction force for left and right foot was collected by one Kistler and one Bertec force platforms. Also collected visual data by NC high speed camera to check the phase which was composed of address, top of backswing, impact and finish. Sampling rate was 600Hz both ground reaction forces data and visual data. The conclusion are as follows. 1. An aspect of change for ground reaction force was that the weight between the left foot and right foot were contrary to each other in general as the phase. 2. Without regard to the type of golf club, the ratio of necessary ground reaction forces for each phase in accordance with address, top of backswing, impact, and finish was comparatively identical. 3. According to the type of golf club, the tendency of Fy was not varied. In terms of Driver, at the moment of impact, the weight of foot-both right and left-was moved to the movement direction of golf because of the rotation force from swing.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.194.2-194.2
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

This study aims to quantitatively compare and analyze kinetic variables in the motion of male and female professional golfers to suggest basic scientific materials for golf iron swing. Five male and five female professional golfers participated in this experiment. Ground reaction force and foot pressure were measured during performing 10 swings for each participants using an iron club. The result of the ground reaction force indicates that the force occurs at the left foot toward right(-) direction in the mid-downswing(E3) and impact(E4) events in X-axis, while it occurs at the right foot toward anterior(-) direction in Y-axis for both male and female, showing a big difference between them. Also, in Z-axis, large force occurs at the left foot in most events. The analyzed result on foot pressure indicates that men have the highest pressure and area at the left foot, and women have the highest ones at the right foot in the mid-downswing(E3) and impact(E4) events in the max foot pressure, ground contact area and average pressure. It is considered that there is difference of central movement methods between men and women. Thus, different education and training on golf swing should be necessary by gender due to their different patterns of golf iron swing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the immediate effects of ankle restriction with an elastic band on ground reaction force during a golf swing. Method: There were five subjects who were teaching pros with an average golf score of 75. A force platform (9281B, Switzerland) was used. The independent variable was the presence of an elastic band. The dependent variables were three-dimensional ground reaction forces to analyze the transfer of momentum with the timing, control and coordination of the three forces. A paired t-test within subject repeated measure design was used via an SPSS 20.0. Results: Wearing an elastic band around one's ankles significantly makes shorter time differences between the moment of cross anterior / posterior forces and vertical force and median value of anterior / posterior forces during the backswing, between medial and lateral maximum and anterior / posterior force from the top of the back swing to the mid down swing, and creates an anterior / posterior maximum force. Conclusion: Wearing an elastic band around one's ankles affects control and coordination between three dimensional forces, and anterior force power according to each phase of the golf swing.