• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 1997

To compare the severe liver damage with the slight one on the bromobeazene metabolism in rats, the animal group described as B7 group was induced the stage of slight liver damage with 7 times bromobenzene injection every other day (400 mg/Kg body wt. i.p.), whereas B40 group was induced that of more severe liver damage with bromobeazene 40 times injection as identified with determination of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity and the histopathological findings. In the present experimental animal model, the decreasing rate of glutathione(GSH) and the increasing rate of glutathione S-transferase activity to the control group were higher in B7 group than B40 group. Furthermore the single dose of bromobenzene was injected to the two groups and sacrificed at 8hr and the hepatic aniline hydroxylase(AH) activity, GSH content and GST activity were determined. The increasing rate of AH activity to the control was lower in B40 group than B7 group and the decreasing rate of GSH to the control was also lower in B40 than B7 group. Moreover, B7 group showed the increased activity of hepatic GST to the control whereas B40 group showed the decrease activity of the enzyme. And Vmax value in GST was more decreased in B40 group than B7 group.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2001

현삼의 기내배양에서 TDZ처리가 비교적 재분화에 효율적이었고 형질전환 식물체를 선발하기 위하여 선발표지 유전자로 사용되는 NPTII gene이 항생제 kanamycin에 대한 저항성은 50 mg/L가 적당하였다. 선발배지에서 자란 현삼 식물체에서 DNA를 추출하여 PCR 분석을 통하여 특정 유전자 Gh-5 gene을 검정한 결과 형질전환되지 않은 식물체에서는 볼수가 없는 988 bp의 band가 형질전환된 식물체에서는 관찰되어 GST 유전자가 현삼의 염색체 안으로 삽입되었음을 확인하였다. 형질전환 효율 증진을 위하여 선발과정에서 암상태를 30일까지 유지할 경우 높은 형질전환 효율을 나타내었으나 그 이상의 처리는 오히려 형질전환 효율이 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다 (Table 5). 형질전환 식물체에서 GST의 활성이 형질전환 되지 않은 식물체의 2배로 나타났고 유도체의 적정 처리 농도는 50$\mu$M이며 유도체 처리 시간에 따라서는 12시간까지는 점차적으로 높아지는 경향이었으나 그 이상의 시간에서는 활성이 저하됨이 확인되었다. Fungus 피검균인 Asperigillus awamori에서 6, 12시간 처리 시 비교적 높은 활성을 보여주었으며 그 이상의 시간처리에서는 명확한 균사 억제를 나타내지 못하였으며, 특히 12시간에서 상대적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Cladosporium herbarum에서 형질전환된 식물체의 활성이 훨씬 높게 나타났으며 6시간 처리에서 다른 처리에 비하여 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 피검균인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서는 형질전환 식물체에서 높은 활성을 보여주었으며 6, 12시간 처리에서 비슷하게 높은 활성을 보여 주었다. 박테리아 피검균 Bacillus subtillis에서는 50$\mu$M 이하의 유도체 처리에서 비교적 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2009

We examined the effects of polysaccharides extracted from Asterina pectinifera on the activities of quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and glutathione (GSH) levels in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. We found that the polysaccharides extract induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of $20-60\;{\mu}g/ml$ and increased GST activity as much as 1.4-fold over controls. GSH levels were increased 1.3- and 1.5-fold with the extract at 40 and $60\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The activity and protein expression of ODC in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced colon cancer cells was inhibited by the extract. The polysaccharides suppressed TPA-induced prostaglandin (PG) production. These data indicate that polysaccharides from A. pectinifera increase phase II detoxification enzyme activity and inhibit ODC and COX-2 activities in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Consequently, this effect may contribute to the protective effect of polysaccharides from A. pectinifera against colon cancer.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.338-346
• /
• 2005

Carbendazim의 랫드 간 해독체계에 대한 영향을 검색하기 위하여 간장독성의 지표 효소인 혈장 ALT(alanine aminotransferase) 및 AST(aspartate aminotransferase) 활성, 간에 대한 독성, 해독 및 대사에 대한 영향을 구명하기 위하여 간 GSH(glutathione), GST(glutathione-S-transferase), cytochrome P450 및 cytochrome P450 reductase 활성을 375, 750, 1,500 mg/kg 약량에서 측정한 결과 혈장 ALT 및 AST 활성이 120분 후에 약간의 증가가 있었으나 특이한 독성증상은 관찰되지 않았다. GSH는 고농도와 중농도 120분에서 20%의 함량증가가 있었고, GST는 120분까지 $36{\sim}50%$ 정도의 활성저해가 있었으나 240분에는 활성이 회복되었다. Cytochrome P450함량은 60분까지 $25{\sim}50%$까지 함량이 저하되었으나 120분에 70%이상 회복되었고, 240분 저농도에서는 거의 회복되었으며, cytochrome P450 reductase도 120분까지 $25{\sim}50%$ 활성저해가 있었으나, 240분에는 무처리 군의 활성과 유사하게 회복되어 대사관련 효소에 대한 손상은 크지 않을 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과에서 benzimidazole 계 살균제인 carbendazim은 생체내 해독 및 대사관련 체계에 영향이 적은 농약으로 급성적인 중독은 일으키지 않을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to examine the effects of polyundaturated fatty acid(PUFA) from different sourecs on hepatic lipogenic enzyme and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation in murine hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrodamine (DEN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets containing 10%(w/w)fat; fish oil-corn oil blended(FO), corn oil-beef tallow-fish oil blended(CF), or corn oil-beef tallow-perilla oil blended (CP), from the gestation period. At 10 weeks, animals were received a single inraperitoneal injection of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. The areas of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci were significantly smaller in rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO and CF) than those fed CP diet. Fish oil feeding significantly decreased th activities of lipogenic enzyme. Rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO, CF) exhibited the lower fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity than those fed CP diet and FAS activity was positively correlated with areas of GSP-P positivie foci. Glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase activity was the lowest and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation was stimulated in rats fed FO diet compared to other groups. It was also found that serum cholesterol was decreased in FO group. Therefore, the preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis and hypolipidemic effect of fish oil can be explained partly by suppression of the hepatic lipogenesis and by increase of peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2009

Effects of ginseng on in vivo antioxidant capacities with age were studied in rats. All rats were reared in the conventional system. Ginseng-treated rats were supplied with ginseng water extracts (25 mg/kg/day) continuously from 6 weeks of age to spontaneous death. None of the rats showed any discernible adverse effects of treatment with ginseng-containing water. There was no significant difference in body weight (BW) gains with age between treated and control groups. However, ginseng extracts did cause a decrease in the level of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glucose, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the treated rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver cytosol decreased with age in the control group. However, these enzyme activities were well maintained in the ginseng-treated rats and, especially, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were consistently higher than in control rats. The levels of total sulfhydryl group (T-SH) and glutathione reductase (GR) were unchanged, and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity gradually decreased with age in both groups. There were no differences in T-SH, GR, or GST between the control and treatment groups. These results indicate that long-term administration of ginseng retards age-related deterioration in some biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and it has an enhancing effect on antioxidant capacity in the liver.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 1996

이스라엘 잉어에 있어서 carbamate계 살충제 carbofuran의 독성에 미치는 phenobarbital sodium(PB) 또는 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)의 영향과 작용기작을 효소적 측면에서 구명할 목적으로 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 이스라엘 잉어에 각 조합으로 처리하여 독성경감 효과를 조사하였고, 공시한 농약과 PB나 MC가 acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glutathione S-transferase(GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT) 및 cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase(monooxygenase)의 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 각각 조합으로 처리한 후 경시적으로 이스라엘 잉어의 각 효소들의 상대활성도를 조사하였다. PB와 3-MC만 투여한 실험군에서 이스라엘 잉어의 생존수는 무처리군과 동일하였고 살충제만 처리한 실험군의 이스라엘 잉어 생존수는 처리농도가 증가하면서 감소되었으나, PB나 3-MC와 살충제를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 살충제만 처리한 실힘군에 비하여 매우 높은 생존율을 나타낸 것으로 보아 해독효과가 인정 되었다. 효소활성(in vivo)은 AChE의 경우 carbofuran 0.95 ppm만을 처리한 실험군에서는 24시간내내 각 조사시기마다 무처리군에 비해 40% 이상의 활성저해를 보였으나 carbofuran과 PB 및 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 효소활성이 초기에 감소하다가 서서히 증가하여 24시간후에는 무처리군과 비슷한 수준을 나타냈고, GST의 경우 carbofuran만을 처리한 실험군에서는 초기에 약 20% 이상의 활성저해를 보였으나 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 약제처리 1시간 후 부터 무처리군에 비해 효소활성이 20% 이상 증가하였다. UDPGT와 monooxygenase의 효소활성은 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험에서 처리 $6{\sim}12$시간 후에는 carbofuran 처리군에 비해 효소활성이 $4{\sim}8$배 이상 급격히 높아졌다. 이상의 결과에서 PB 및 3-MC처리가 이들 효소의 활성을 유도함으로써 carbofuran의 독성으로 부터 이스라엘 잉어를 보호 하는데 관여한 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제41권7호
• /
• pp.583-593
• /
• 2008

This study was designed to examine the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. (glasswort: GW) on hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220g by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 recommended diet and the experimental groups were fed a modified diet containing 10% and 20% of glasswort powder for 4 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups which consisted of normal (N)-control group, N-GW 10% and N-GW 20% treated groups, STZ-control, STZ-GW 10% and STZ-GW 20% treated groups. The activities of Xanthine oxidase (XOD), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT (CAT) were measured in the homogenates of liver. The activity of CAT was lower in the supplementary group with glasswort compare to the STZcontrol group but it was not significantly different. The activity of SOD was not significant in all of experimental groups. The activity of GR was significantly increased in the normal supplementary group with glasswort, and GPX activity was significantly increased in STZ-GW 10% group compare to the STZ-control group. The activity of XOD was significantly decreased in the all of supplementary groups with glasswort. The activity of GST was significantly increased in the N-GW 20% group and it was significantly decreased in the STZ-GW 20% group. These results show that the supplementation of glasswort may have favorable influence on antioxidative status in diabetic rats and it may be useful for the diabetic complications as functional food.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.158-161
• /
• 2003

This study investigated the effects of a ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork (0-30 kGy) diet on lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P-450 content, microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity and antioxidative defense systems in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The body weight of rats fed irradiated diets did not change significantly. Liver weight was significantly increased by the administration of DEN, but not by irradiated diets at any dose level. There were no significant effects of gamma irradiation on the content of microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), cytochrome P-450, or on the activity of G-6-Pase. However, with DEN treatment, cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased while microsomal G-6-Pase activity was significantly decreased. The ${\gamma}$-irradiated diet supplement did not affect serum retinol or $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. However, it did cause a significant decrease in hepatic retinol at 30 kGy. With DEN treatment, hepatic retinol content was even more significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to the non-irradiated control. The enzyme activities related to antioxidative defense systems, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were not affected by gamma irradiation. Those results suggest that an irradiated pork diet up to 30 kGy may not cause a health hazard in experimental animals.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.428-436
• /
• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.