• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2008

생물비료의 개발을 위하여 분리된 난용성 인산염의 가용화능이 우수한 균주인 Aeromonas hydrophila DA33의 분자육종을 위해 인산가용화 관련 유전자를 도입하였다. E. coli의 gdh 유전자를 도입한 A. hydrophila DA33은 GDH 활성이 증가하여 유전자가 발현됨을 확인하였으며, wild type에 비해 GDH 활성이 약 40% 정도 높게 나타났으며, 이는 도입된 gdh 유전자의 발현에 의한 것으로 보여 진다. 이 균주는 인산가용화에 기여하는 유기산인 gluconate의 생성도 증가하였다. A. hydrophila DA33의 wild type과 gdh 유전자를 도입한 A. hydrophila pGHS/DA33의 난용성 인산염 가용화능을 실험한 결과, gdh 유전자를 도입한 균주의 인산 가용화능이 약 1.4배 정도의 효과를 보였다. 지금까지의 결과로 비춰볼때 앞으로 생물 비료로서의 A. hydrophila DA33 이용 가능성을 나타내며, 분자육종균 A. hydrophila pGHS/DA33은 생물비료로서의 효율성을 가질 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.76.1-76.14
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• 2022

Background: Clinical dexamethasone (DEX) treatment or stress in bovines results in extensive physiological changes with prominent hyperglycemia and neutrophils dysfunction. Objectives: To elucidate the effects of DEX treatment in vivo on cellular energy status and the underlying mechanism in circulating neutrophils. Methods: We selected eight-month-old male bovines and injected DEX for 3 consecutive days (1 time/d). The levels of glucose, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were examined, and we then detected glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, GLUT4, sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and autophagy levels in circulating neutrophils. Results: DEX injection markedly increased blood glucose, TP and TC levels, the Ca²⁺/P⁵⁺ ratio and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreased blood IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Particularly in neutrophils, DEX injection inhibited p65-NFκB activation and elevated glycogen and ATP contents and SGLT1, GLUT1 and GR expression while inhibiting PFK1 activity, enhancing G6PDH activity and CS expression and lowering cell autophagy levels. Conclusions: DEX induced neutrophils glucose uptake by enhancing SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression and the transformation of energy metabolism from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This finding gives us a new perspective on deeper understanding of clinical anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on bovine.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2012

Burkholderia anthina R-4183, Burkholderia diffusa R-15930 and Burkholderia stabilis LMG 14294 isolated from green house soils (Gongju-Gun area, South Korea) were characterized and their phosphate solubilizing ability was assessed. Under in vitro culture conditions, all three species were proved to be effective in solubilizing phosphates in varying degrees. Strain Burkholderia anthina exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization in NBRIP medium ($665{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) followed by Burkholderia diffusa ($630{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) and Burkholderia stabilis ($578{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). However, solubilization of $FePO_4$ and $AlPO_4$ was found to be poor in all the strains. Acidification by means of gluconic and oxalic acids accumulation in the culture medium could be the possible mechanism responsible for phosphate solubilization. Glucose at the rate of 3% was found be the best carbon source for Burkholderia anthina while other two Burkholderia species showed maximum phosphate solubilization at 2% of glucose. In the case of nitrogen sources, ammonium and nitrate were equally effective in solubilizing phosphates by Burkholderia species. Despite a slight decrease in phosphate solubilization observed at increasing temperature, all three Burkholderia species could withstand a temperature of $30-35^{\circ}C$, pH at the range of 7-9 and the presence of NaCl (up to 2.5%) without much compromising the phosphate solubilization. As shown with potted mung bean seedlings, all the three isolates could enhance soil fertility and plant growth indicating their great potential to be used as bio-inoculants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.174-186
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• 1997

In this study, rat hepatocytes known to have active carbohydrate metabolism were obtained by using the liver perfusion technique to examine the hypoglycemic action of red ginseng saponin components [ginsenoside (mixture, $Rb_1$, and $Rg_1$)] and incubated in two different media-one containing insulin and glucagon (control group), and the other containing glucagon only, The specific activities of some regulatory enzymes such as glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glucose 6-phosphatase, in main pathways which were directly related to the glucose metabolism were compared between these two kinds of hepatocytes cultured in two different media. The effects of red ginseng saponin components [ginsenoside (mixture, $Rb_1$, and $Rg_1$)] under the concentration of $10^3$~$10^6$% on these enzymes In hepatocytes were also investigated, when they were added to these two media. The results were as follows. The specific activity of enzymes such as glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase related to glucose-consuming pathways of insulin-deficient group was much less than control one, however, their decreased activity was recovered after the addition of ginseng components at all range of concentrations. The increased specific activity of these on - zymes was shown by the addition of ginseng components to the control group. On the other hand, the specific activity of glucose 6-phosphatase related to glucose-producing pathway of insulin-deficient group was much higher than control one, but their Increased activity was decreased after the addition of ginseng components at all range of concentrations. The same results were obtained after the addition of ginseng components to the control group. These results suggest that the red ginseng saponin components might better diabetic hyperglycemia by regulating the activity of enzymes related to glucose metabolism directly and/or Indirectly though more detailed studies were needed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2003

환경친화적인 미생물인산비료를 개발하기 위하여 불용성 인산을 가용화 시킬 수 있는 세균을 콩의 근권 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 분리균주의 분류학적 위치를 검토한 결과, Pantoea agglomerans로 동정되었다. 불용성 인산인 $Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$)로부터 가용성 인산을 생성하기 위한 최적 배지 및 배양조건은 glucose 3%, $NH_{4}NO_{3}$ 0.1%, $MgSO_{4}\cdot\7H_{2}O$ 0.02%, $CaCl_{2}\cdot\2H_{2}O$, 0.06%,초기 pH 7.5, 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$이었으며, 최적조건에서 배양 5 일 후,898 mg/L의 인산이 생성되었다. 불용성 인산 가용화 기작은 유기산 생성에 의한 배양액의 pH감소와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 분리균주는 $CaHPO_{4}$, hydroxyapatite로부터 각각 698,912 mg/L의 가용성 인산을 생성하였으나 $FePO_{4}\cdot\4H_{2}O$, $AIPO_{4}$로부터는 각각 28,19 mg/L.의 가용성 인산을 생성하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2015

Streptozotocin(STZ)으로 유도된 당뇨 흰쥐에게 연교의 에탄올 추출물을 1일 1회 7일간 1,000mg/kg.b.w의 용량으로 투여 후 glucose함량과 이에 관여하는 효소(glucokinase(GK), glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH)활성과 glycogen 함량, triglyceride(T.G), total cholesterol등의 지질대사에 관여하는 물질들의 함량을 측정한 결과 연교 에탄올 추출물 투여군이 glucose, T.G, total cholesterol 등의 함량과 G-6-Pase 활성이 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으며 glycogen 함량과 GK의 활성이 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 연교 에탄올 추출물을 1,000mg/kg.b.w을 당뇨 흰쥐에게 투여한 결과 혈당저하, 지질대사의 개선 효과를 갖는 유효성분을 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2008

Beneficial effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplement on age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes, have been reported. However, its mechanism of action in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo has not been investigated in detail. We have previously shown that during hepatocellular carcinogenesis, DHEA treatment decreases formation of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci in the liver and has antioxidant effects. Here we aimed to determine the mechanism of actions of DHEA, in comparison to vitamin E, in a chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with control diet without a carcinogen, diets with 1.5% vitamin E, 0.5% DHEA and both of the compounds with a carcinogen for 6 weeks. The doses were previously reported to have anti-cancer effects in animals without known toxicities. With DHEA treatment, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased by ${\sim}5$ fold and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased by ${\sim}25%$ compared to carcinogen treated group. Activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase in the cytotol was decreased siguificantly with DHEA treatment, confirming its antioxidative effect. However, liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 reductase activities were not altered with DHEA treatment. Vitamin E treatment decreased cytosolic Se-glutathione peroxidase activities in accordance with our previous reports. However, vitamin E did not alter glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or malate dehydrogenase activities. Our results suggest that DHEA may have decreased tumor nodule formation and reduced lipid peroxidation as previously reported, possibly by increasing the production of NADPH, a reducing equivalent for NADPH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. DHEA treatment tended to reduce glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which may have resulted in limited supply for de novo synthesis of DNA via inhibiting the hexose monophophaste pathway. Although both DHEA and vitamin E effectively reduced preneoplastic foci in this model, they seemed to fimction in different mechanisms. In conclusion, DHEA may be used to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting NADPH synthesis, cell proliferation and anti-oxidant enzyme activities during tumor growth.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

담배 (Va 115) 細胞의 液 培養에서 담배細胞의 多量生産을 할 수 있는 Tank 培養에 關한 基礎調査로 培地造成의 果를 調査하였으며 細胞增殖率에 큰 影響을 미쳤던 2,4-D와 無機燐酸의 果에 關하여 調査하였다. 1. 培地造成에서 細胞增殖率에 많은 影響을 미쳤던 要素는 무糖, 無機燐酸의 濃度,窒素源의 形態 및 植物홀몬,特히 2, 4-D의 有無였다. 2. 무糖의 最適濃度는 3%였으며 3%以上의 濃度에서는 多少 細胞增殖率이 좋은 듯 하였으나 그 差異는 크지 않아 3% 程度로 足하였다. 無機燐酸濃度는 LS 培地內의 無機燐酸의 約 2.5 培인 0.30mg/ml 일 때 細胞增殖率이 가장 좋았다. 3. 液 培地의 窒素源은 암모니아態窒素와 硝酸態窒素가 1 : 2 일 때가 가장 좋았고 窒素源이 암모니아태 만으로 使用하였을 때 細胞增殖率이 가장 낮았으며 硝酸態만 使用되었을 때는 암모니아태만 쓰였을 때 보다는 좋았으나 암모니아태와 硝酸態의 比가 1 : 2 일 때 보다는 떨어졌다. 4. 液 培地에 2,4-D 添加와 無機燐酸濃度를 높이면 細胞增殖率이 增加되는 機作을 調査하기 爲하여 呼吸率과 14C - glucose 吸收利用을 調査하였다. 細胞의 吸收率은 2, 4-D를 添加하면 增加되며 14C-glucose의 吸收는 培地內에 2, 4-D가 包含되거나 (0.2 ppm) 燐酸濃度가 높아지면(對照의 2.5培) 더욱 많았고, 吸收된 14C-glucose는 糖 상태보다 다른 形態,特히 amino 酸이나 有機酸으로 많이 变하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2020

The liver is an important organ in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. It is responsible for systemic energy homeostasis. When energy need exceeds the storage capacity in the liver, fatty acids are shunted into nonoxidative sphingolipid biosynthesis, which increases the level of cellular ceramides. Accumulation of ceramides alters substrate utilization from glucose to lipids, activates triglyceride storage, and results in the development of both insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, increasing the likelihood of major metabolic diseases. Another sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling molecule that acts via S1P-specific G protein coupled receptors. It regulates many cellular and physiological events. Since an increase in plasma S1P is associated with obesity, it seems reasonable that recent studies have provided evidence that S1P is linked to lipid pathophysiology, including hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Herein, we review recent findings on ceramides and S1P in obesity-mediated liver diseases and the therapeutic potential of these sphingolipid metabolites.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2019

Streptozotocin(STZ)을 45mg/kg.b.w의 용량으로 흰쥐의 미정맥에 투여 한 후 당뇨병이 유발된 당뇨 흰쥐에게 1일 1회 7일간 1,000mg/kg의 용량으로 황기에탄올 추출물을 투여 후 glucose함량과 당대사에 관여하는 효소인 glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH, glucokinase(GK)활성과 glycogen 함량, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol등의 지질대사에 관여하는 물질들을 측정한 결과 황기 에탄올 추출물 투여군이 glucose, TG, total cholesterol등의 함량과 G-6-Pase 활성의 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으며 glycogen 함량과 G-6-PDH, GK의 활성이 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 황기 에탄올 추출물이 항당뇨 개선효과를 갖는 유효성분을 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.