• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.365-369
• /
• 2001

Chitinase producing microorganism, Serratia marcescens KY, was isolated from seashore mud around Beobseongpo in Chunnam province by selective enrichment culture. As the colloidal chitin concentration increased, chitinase production was increased. But chitinase production with addition of other carbon sources (glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, starch) was decreased. The effect of nitrogen sources on the chitinase production with serratia marcescens KY was as fellows. The opitimum mineral concentration for chitinase production was K$_2$HPO$_4$ 0.2 g/L and MgSO$_4$ 0.20 ∼ 0.25 g/L, respectively. The effect of nitrogen sources on chitinase production by Serratia marcescens KY was increased as follows, tryptone > yeast extract > beef extract > asparagine.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.413-424
• /
• 1991

The optimal condition for manufacturing the yoghurt by using B. bifidum and L. acidophilus was studied. Optimal growth condition of B. bifidum and fermentation effects of B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus in mixed culture were investigated separately. Fermentation conditions of B. bifidum were optimized in 12% reconstitued skim milk. The addition of BIOS 2000 to 12% skimmilk was effective on the growth and acid production of B. bifidum. There was asymbiosis among B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus in mixed culture which resulted in higher viable cell numbers and acid production. The optimum production of yoghurt was achieved by incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours with 5% mixed starter culture (B. bifidum+L.acidophilus+Str. thermophilus). In this case the effective ratio of B. bifidum: L. acidophilus: Str. thermophilus was 2:1:1 on both acid production and viable cell counts.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.408-415
• /
• 2004

The expression of the Paenibacillus sp. A11 cyclodextrinase (CDase) gene using the pUC 18 vector in Escherichia coli JM 109 resulted in the formation of an insoluble CDase protein in the cell debris in addition to a soluble CDase protein in the cytoplasm. Unlike the expression in Paenibacillus sp. A11, CDase was primarily observed in cytoplasm. However, by adding 0.5 M sorbitol as an osmolyte, the formation of insoluble CDase was prevented while a three-fold increase in cytoplasmic CDase activity was achieved after a 24 h-induction. The recombinant CDase protein was purified to approximately 14-fold with a 31% recovery to a specific activity of 141 units/mg protein by 40-60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M, and Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. It was homogeneous by non-denaturing and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 80 kDa, as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. It showed the highest activity at pH 7.0 and $40^{\circ}C$. The catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$) values for $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, and $\gamma$-CD were $3.0{\times}10^5$, $8.8{\times}10^5$, and $5.5{\times}10^5\;M^{-1}\;min^{-1}$, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed CDs and linear maltooligosaccharides to yield maltose and glucose with less amounts of maltotriose and maltotetraose. The rates of hydrolysis for polysaccharides, soluble starch, and pullulan were very low. The cloned CDase was strongly inactivated by N-bromosuccinimide and diethylpyrocarbonate, but activated by dithiothreitol. A comparison of the biochemical properties of the CDases from Paenibacillus sp. A11 and E. coli transformant (pJK 555) indicates that they were almost identical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.759-766
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to improve the functionality of a healthy drink with examining the possibility of manufacturing different enzymes (alpha-, beta-, glucose-amylase) in barley malts (BM) produced in various malting periods. The study showed that enzyme treatment increased significantly total polyphenol content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxly radical scavenging activity in malted liquid samples (MLS) which obtained from various malting periods. The highest of TPC were found in Gluco-24M with 1.981 mgTAE/ml, followed by Beta-24M and Alpha-72M with 1.878 mgTAE/ml and 1.845 mgTAE/ml, respectively. The DPPH result revealed that percent of inhibition increased by 71-75% compared to the control. No statistical difference was found between MLS obtained by 24 hr of malting (24 M) and 72 hr of malting (72 M) after enzyme treatment. In addition, an increasing of hydroxyl radical was in the same trend to the TPC and DPPH. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of enzyme treated samples was 1,5 times higher than the control. These results suggest the possibility of enzyme application to barley malts obtained in various germination periods for improving quality and functionality of barley malts.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.35-56
• /
• 1992

This paper has made a close examination of Shingan Goohwang Chowalyo(1660), Cheesaeng yoram(1691), Sallim Gyungjae(1715) and Imwon simyook Jee(1827), to grasp what kinds of famine relief foods have been analyzed in terms of nutrition elements and cooking methods. And also this paper has surveyed the changes of these famine relief foods according to the times. Three hundred forty one famine relief foods are recorded in the above mentioned books, Among them, ten foods are recorded in common in these four books: pine needles, elm tree skin, soybeans, wax, jujubes, black beans, glutinous millet, turnip seeds white pine-mushroons and Chool-Atractylodes japonica. The methods of cooking and processing are most varied in the order of pine needles, black beans and elm tree skin, Pine needles are rich in protein and fat, and so may be regarded as the first of famine relief foods. Elm tree skin is of more than 50% carbohydrate and may be used in plate of cereals. I addition to these, Hwangui-milk vetch, Choonsu-cedrela Sinensis, Tacksa-Alisma Orientale Juzep and some other foods contain starch, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. So they may be used for replacing cereals and relieving famine. Before these famine relief foods are cooked or processed, according to their ingredients they should be soaked in water for a time in some cases the water should be changed several times. In Shingan Goohwang Chowalyo and Cheesaeng Yoram, measuring units are rarely recorded, while in sallim Gyungjae, they are explicitly shown. Imwon Simyook Jee clearly shows the use of oriental medicine materials. And the fur above mentioned books show no record of famine relief animal foods. To these days, vegetables have been boiled, squeezed and seasoned with salt and oil, but the better the economic conditions become, the less other famine relief foods are used. Nevertheless it is expected that these natural foods can be made favorite dishes with the best use of their good flavors and tastes.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.238-247
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the effects of natural functional mixture(FM) on plasma BUN and lipid levels, hepatic lipid levels, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and plama aminotransferase activity in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabe1ic rats. Total cholesterol (TC) level in the diabe1ic rats supplemented with FM(70.69 mg/dL) was reduced comparing to groups without FM(87.12 mg/dL). This results caused the increase of the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to TC (42.60 to 51.49 %). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytosol catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GSH and lipoperoxide (LPO) activities were not significantly changed, which indicated the supplementation with FM could not reduce the oxidative stress in diabetic rats. In addition, asperate aminotransferase (AST) activity in FM-diabetic rat was lower than that in diabetic group. This results showed supplementation with FM in rats could improve the hepatic function damaged by STZ-induced diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2010

This study was designed to evaluate whether the addition of sediment improvements with natural materials to water tanks influenced the hematologic properties and muscle glycogen content of the blood cockle, Tegillarca granosa under laboratory conditions. Following a 10-d matured period of sediment improvements, blood cockles were subjected to 4 groups (0, 100, 300, $800\;g/m^2$) of sediment improvements for 14-d Only one individual died at $800g/m^2$ after 48-h Whole blood, hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration of blood cockle were changed little by sediment improvements, however, both glucose and glycogen were increased more compared with those of the control groups.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2007

[ ${\alpha},\;{\alpha}$ ]-Trehalose was efficiently modified by a transgalactosylation reaction of Escherichia coli ${\beta}-galactosidase$ using lactose as a donor to yield two galactosyl trehalose trisaccharides. The reaction products of trehalose by the enzyme were observed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and were purified by BioGel P2 gel permeation chromatography and recycling preparative HPLC. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed that the structures of the main products were $6^2-{\beta}-D-galactosyl$ trehalose (1) and $4^2-{\beta}-D-galactosyl$ trehalose (2). A reaction of 30%(w/v) trehalose and 15%(w/v) lactose at pH 7.5 and $45^{\circ}C$ resulted in a total yield of approximately 27-30% based on the amount of trehalose used. The galactosyl trehalose products were not hydrolyzed by trehalose. In addition the mixture of transfer products (9:1 ratio of 1 to 2) showed higher thermal stability than glucose, lactose, and maltose, but less than trehalose, against heat treatment over $100^{\circ}C$ at pH 4 and 7. It also exhibited better thermal stability than sucrose at pH 4 alone.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.291-296
• /
• 2007

Insoluble glucans synthesized by Streptococcus mutans enhance the pathogenicity of oral biofilm by promoting the adherence and accumulation of cariogenic bacteria on the surface of the tooth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Leuconostoc spp. on the in vitro formation of S. mutans biofilm. Three strains, Leuconostoc gelidum A TCC 49366, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris A TCC 19254 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293, were used in this study. They exhibited profound inhibitory effects on the formation of S. mutans biofilm and on the proliferation of S. mutans. The water-soluble polymers produced from sucrose were most strongly produced by L. gelidum, followed by L. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and L. mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides. The mean wet weights of the artificial biofilm of S. mutans were also significantly reduced as a result of the addition of the water-soluble polymers obtained from Leuconostoc cultures. According to the results of thin-layer chromatographic analysis, the hydrolysates of the water-soluble polymers produced by Leuconostoc were identical to those of dextran T-2000, forming predominately ${\alpha}-(1-6)$ glucose linkages. These results indicate that dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains are able to inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilm in vitro.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.6 s.89
• /
• pp.467-470
• /
• 2004

We have investigated the key parameters affecting ATP regeneration in a cell-free protein synthesis system derived from Escherichia coli. When glucose-6-phosphate was used as an energy source, the efficiency of ATP regeneration sharply responded to pH change of reaction mixture. In addition, both productivity and reproducibility of protein synthesis was substantially enhanced by introducing appropriate amount of NAD into the reaction mixture. As a result, through the activation of glycolytic pathway under an optimal pH, the batch cell-free system produced over $300\;{\mu}g$ of protein in a 1 mL reaction.