• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.72.2-72.2
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• 1961

Since April, 1957, 200 White Leghorn and 100 Newhampshire had been brought to the poultry farm of our college from Songwhan National Breeding Station. The looses due to avian tuberculosis were 67 chickens by June, 1959. Thirteen of them were examined histopathologically. Grayish white tuberculous nodules varying in size were recognized in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and intestine of all affected birds. The heart rind testis were involved in each case, and pulmonary tuberculosis which, unlike in mammals, was kown to be rarely encountered in birds was observed in two cases. One case showed amyloid like degeneration in hepatic cell cords of the liver, glomerular tufts and collecting ducts of the kidney. Lesions in the spleen presented typical Sago spleen. Sections from the liver, spleen, intestine, and lungs were stained by Ziel-Neelsen stain. Acid Fast stained bacilli were found embeded in the cytoplasm of epithlioid cells and foreign-body giant cells.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2003

Oligomeganephronia는 선천적인 신형성 부전으로 신원의 수가 감소되고 보상성으로 사구체가 비대해진 질환으로 지금까지 전 세계적으로 약 60례만이 보고될 정도로 매우 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 학교선별뇨검사상 현미경적 혈뇨를 보였던 환아에서 신생검을 통하여 oligomeganephronia를 조기에 진단하고, 4년간 신부전증 및 성장부전의 진행 소견과 함께 사구체 경화증의 발생으로 사구체 용적이 감소하는 소견을 관찰할 수 있었기에, 이를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The effect of supplemented high protein diet intake on renal urea regulation in swamp buffalo was carried out in the present experiment Five swamp buffalo heifers weighing between 208-284 kg were used for this study. The animals were fed with a supplementary high protein diet and renal function and kinetic parameters for urea excretion were measured. This was compared to a control period where the same animals had been fed only with paragrass and water hyacinth. For 2 months the same animals were fed a mixed of paragrass, water hyacinth plus 2 kgs of a high protein supplement (protein 18.2% DM basis) per head per day. In comparison to the control period, there were no differences in the rate of urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), plasma urea concentration and filtered urea. In animals supplemented with high protein intake mean values of urea clearance, excretion rate and the urea urine/plasma concentration ratio markedly increased (p < 0.05) while renal urea reabsorption significantly decreased from 40% to 26% of the quantity filtered. In this same study group urea space distribution and urea pool size increased which coincided with an increase in plasma volume (p < 0.05). Plasma protein decreased while plasma osmolarity increased (p < 0.05). Both urea turnover rate and biological half-life of $^{14}C$-urea were not affected by a supplementary high protein intake. The results suggest that animals supplemented with high protein diets are in a state of dynamic equilibrium of urea which is well balanced between urea excreted into the urine and the amount synthesized. The limitation for renal tubular urea reabsorption would be a change in extra-renal factors with an elevation of the total pool size of nitrogenous substance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2020

Background: A diabetic foot is the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations (LEA). The study seeks to assess the risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods: The study was conducted on 351 patients with DFUs from January 2010 to December 2018. Their demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory data, ankle-brachial index, Wagner classification, osteomyelitis, sarcopenia index, and ulcer sizes were considered as variables to predict outcome. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the relationship of the data gathered. Additionally, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their amputation surgery. Results: Out of the 351 subjects, 170 required LEA. The mean age of the subjects was 61 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years; there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of these averages. Osteomyelitis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.164; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.561-10.671), lesion on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (HR, 2.494; 95% CI, 1.087-5.721), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.981-0.999), ulcer size (HR, 1.247; 95% CI, 1.107-1.405), and forefoot ulcer location (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 0.224-0.73) were associated with risk of amputation. Conclusion: Osteomyelitis, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, ulcer size, and forefoot ulcer location were risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot patients. Further investigation would contribute to the establishment of a diabetic foot risk stratification system for Koreans, allowing for optimal individualized treatment.

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2018

Objectives: We designed the study to compare the oncologic and renal function outcomes of off-clamp, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (OCLPN) and conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (HCLPN) for renal tumors. Methods: Between March 2008 and July 2015, 114 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) of a renal neoplasm were studied. We performed LPN without hilar clamp on 40 patients (OCLPN, Group 1), and conventional LPN with hilar control and renorrhaphy on another 40 patients (HCLPN, Group 2). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of each patient's age, sex, R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS), operation time, complications, hospitalization period, tumor size, positive resection margin, histologic classification of tumor, pathologic stage, Fuhrman grade, estimated blood loss (EBL), warm ischemic time (WIT), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and one year after surgery. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, preoperative eGFR, EBL, surgical (anesthesia) time, and tumor size between the two groups. The mean eGFR was not significantly different between the OCLPN and HCLPN groups 1 month (95 and $86.2mL/min/1.73m^2$, respectively; P = 0.106), 6 months (92.9 and $83.6mL/min/1.73m^2$, respectively; P = 0.151) and 12 months (93.8 and $84.7mL/min/1.73m^2$, respectively; P = 0.077) postoperatively. The change in eGFR after one year was 3.9% in the OCLPN group and -7.9% in the HCLPN group. Conclusions: OCLPN was superior to HCLPN in preserving renal function one year after surgery, and there was no statistically significant difference in tumor treatment results.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2010

Albumin-modification has been viewed as one of the most effective ways of extending the short in vivo lifetimes of peptide drugs by delaying glomerular filtration. In this study, we describe a new type 2 anti-diabetic exendin-4 (Ex4) peptide derivative with significant binding ability to human serum albumin (HSA). This exendin-4 derivative consists of a 4-branched polyethylene glycol $(PEG)_{5k}$ (Mw: 20 kDa) modified with three stearylamines ($C_{18}-NH_2$) and one exendin-4 on its branches. PEG and stearylamine were selected to provide functionality to increase molecular size and bind to albumin, respectively. This derivative ($3C_{18}-4PEG_{5k}$-Ex4) was shown to have larger molecular size (Ca. 152 kDa) than actual (25.0 kDa) when subjected to size-exclusion chromatography, and the fluorescein-tagged $3C_{18}-4PEG_{5k}$-Ex4 displayed significant binding to the HSA-immobilized Sepharose CL-4B resin using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, $3C_{18}-4PEG_{5k}$-Ex4 was found to have acceptable anti-hyperglycemic efficacy via three consecutive oral glucose tolerance testings (OGTT) in fasted type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The $HD_{total}$ value ($57.6{\pm}12.3%$) of $3C_{18}-4PEG_{5k}$-Ex4 at a 50 nmol/kg dose was 2-fold greater than that ($31.0{\pm}8.7%$) of native exendin-4 in non-fasted db/db mice. Especially, the blood glucose levels in the mice group treated with $3C_{18}-4PEG_{5k}$-Ex4 did not rebound to ~150 mg/dL until 24 h after the injection, which obviously shows the extended hypoglycemia. We believe that this derivative has great pharmaceutical potential as a novel long-acting type 2 anti-diabetic injection treatment.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 초음파 검사 시 정상인을 대상으로 연령대에 따른 신장 기능 지표와 신장 크기 간의 상관관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 복부 초음파 검사를 실시한 정상인 170명(남:86명, 여:84명)을 20대, 30대, 40대, 50대 이상으로 분류하였다. 피검사자는 옆으로 누운 자세로 좌/우측 신장을 2번씩 신장 길이와 너비 그리고 단면적으로 신장 크기를 측정하였다. 이때 신장 길이는 최대 상극에서 최대 하극까지 측정하고 같은 초음파 영상에서 가장 넓은 너비를 계측하여 단면적을 구하였다. 그 외 관련인자로 체표면적, 혈중크레아티닌, 사구체여과율, MDRD (Modification of diet in renal disease), C-G (Cockcroft-Gault)를 조사하였다. 성별에 따른 연령대별로 관련인자 간의 유의한 차이 비교는 일원배치분산분석으로 실시하였다. 또한 관련인자들 간의 상관관계 분석을 시행했으며 Pearson과 Spearman correlation coefficient를 이용하였다. 이때 p 값이 0.05보다 작을 때 유의성이 있다고 정의하였다. 그 결과, 신장의 길이, 너비, 단면적 등은 사구체 여과율, C-G, MDRD와 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 신장 초음파 검사 시 신장 길이 하나만을 측정하기보다는 관련 인자를 함께 평가한다면 신장 질환에 진단 정확도를 높일 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

Parasitic leeches could directly (through causing poor growth, anemia and wound in the fish) and indirectly (by predisposition of the fish to secondary bacterial and fungal infections) affects their hosts. In the present study, fishes that were attacked by leeches in natural and experimental environment were studied. Pathologic samples were obtained from damages at the site of leech bite, as well as kidney and liver of the fish. Histopathological examination revealed numerous lesions at the site of leech bite including tissue demolition, detachment at the site of leech bite in the epidermis of epithelial tissue in the skin, destructed nucleus in epithelial cells of the skin plus necrosis in the damaged skin and weak inflammatory penetration to acute necrotic damages along with piercing dermis layer. Pathologic lesions in the kidney included some changes such as proliferation by increasing glomerular cells and membrane cells in capillary vein of the kidney, blood cell necrosis in kidney with infiltration of white blood cells mainly mononuclear and less polymorphonuclear which are the symptoms of anemia due to blood feeding and sucking by leeches. There was also a chronic kidney infection probably originated from another part of body such as skin. Moreover, leeches caused hemorrhagic anemia due to blood consumption of the hosts, which led to observation of immature red blood cells. Also results showed that diseases induced by leeched in fish could be acute or chronic, which depends on size of fish, species of leech and severity of infection.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2018

Nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life, characterized by renal dysfunction and proteinuria, is associated with a heterogeneous group of disorders. These disorders are often related to genetic mutations, but the syndrome can also be caused by a variety of other diseases. We report an infant with nephrotic syndrome associated with a neuroblastoma. A 6-month-old girl was admitted with a 10% weight loss over 10 days and nephrotic-range proteinuria. She was ill-looking, and her blood pressure was higher than normal for her age. Her cystatin-C glomerular filtration rate was decreased, and levels of plasma renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines were elevated. Renal ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography showed a retroperitoneal prevertebral mass encasing both renal arteries and the left renal vein. The mass was partially resected laparoscopically, and the pathologic diagnosis was neuroblastoma. Findings on a simultaneous renal biopsy were unremarkable. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and several anti-hypertensive drugs, including an alpha blocker. Two months later, the mass had decreased in size and the proteinuria and hypertension were gradually improving. In an infant with abnormal renin-angiotensin system activation, severe hypertension, and nephrotic-range proteinuria, neuroblastoma can be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1993

1990년(年) 6월(月) 30일(日)부터 10월(月) 31일(日)까지 또한 1991년(年) 9월(月) 30일(日)부터 1992년(年) 4월(月) 31일(日)까지 본 실험실의 양어장(養魚場)에서 염분(鹽分) 농도(濃度)가 각각 10%o, 20%o, 30%o의 $1.5m^3$인 탱크에서 사육된 100-350g(평균 250g)인 틸라피아(Oreochromis niloticus)의 아가미 및 신장(腎臟)의 미세구조적(微細構造的) 변화(變化)를 알기 위해서 광학현미경(光學顯微鏡)과 주사(走査) 및 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)으로 관찰하여 얻어낸 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 Oreochromis nilotirus의 경우 모두 아가미엽 비대, 아가미엽 상피세포의 분리, 신사구체의 수축, 신장(腎臟)의 울혈(鬱血) 등(等)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)가 있었다. 가장 높은 저삼투압(低渗透壓) 능력(能力)은 10%o에서 채취된 틸라피아에서 확인되었고, 이러한 현상은 외형적인 형태를 통해서 확인된 염분순치화(鹽分馴致化)(smoltification)와 일치(一致)되었으며, 실험군 중 틸라피아 저삼투조절능력(低渗透調節能力)은 10%o에서 떨어지기 시작하였다. Oreochromis niloticus의 각 군의 삼투압(渗透壓)은 모두 담수(淡水)의 수준보다 높았고, 모두 300m Osmol 이상으로 나타났다. 아가미엽의 염분세포의 발생빈도와 그 정도는 염분농도(鹽分濃度)의 증가와 더불어 빠르게 증가되었고, 염분세포의 수도 광학(光學) 및 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)을 통해서 볼 때 NaCl의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 삼투압(渗透壓)의 점차적인 증가에 대해서 틸라피아의 체내에 축적된 NaCl과 무기성분(無機成分)을 배출시키기 위해서 혹은 체내의 삼투압(渗透壓)의 균형을 위해서 이러한 결과가 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다. 아가미엽(葉)의 표피(表皮)는 염분농도(鹽分濃度)가 높을수록 요철(凹凸)상태가 심하게 나타났다. 이러한 생리학적 현상들은 모든 경골어류(硬骨魚類)에서 일어나는 것으로 사료되며, 틸라피아와 무지개 송어(松魚)는 조직병리학적(組織病理學的) 변화(變化)에도 불구하고 해수(海水)에 견디어내어 순치(馴致) 적응(適應)하는 것으로 나타났다. 주사전자현미경(走査電子顯微鏡)에 의해서 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 제 2차(次) 아가미엽(葉)의 미세구조(微細構造)는 적응기간(適應期間) 동안 표면이 울퉁불퉁한 특징을 나타내었고, 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)에 의해서는 해수(海水)에 노출된 염분세포내(鹽分細胞內)에 길게 변형된 미토콘드리아가 관찰되었으며, 잘 발달된 cristae가 확인되었고, 담수(淡水)에 서식하던 개체의 염분세포(鹽分細胞)보다 그 수가 증가하였다. 이와같이 미토콘드리아가 풍부한 염분세포의 존재를 통해서 해수(海水)에 적응하는 동안 일어나는 저삼투압조절(低渗透壓調節) 작용(作用)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이라 사료된다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 대부분의 틸라피아는 신장(腎臟)의 보우만 주머니를 가득 채운 신사구체(腎絲球體)를 가지고 있으며, 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 수축은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체보다 10%o, 20%o, 30%o에 적응된 개체에서 훨씬 더 많이 발생되었고, 울혈현상(鬱血現象)은 10%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체의 면적보다 유의성있게 나타났다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 신단위(腎單位)의 사구체(絲球體)와 핵(核)의 면적이 감소하였으며, 담수(淡水)에 적응(適應)된 개체보다 신단위세포(腎單位細胞)의 핵(核)보다 크기에 있어서 작게 나타났다. 이러한 세포면적당(細胞面積當) 변화(變化)는 해수(海水) 및 담수(淡永)에 적응(適應)된 광염도성(廣鹽度性) 경골어류(硬骨魚類)의 서로 다른 삼투조절(渗透調節) 능력(能力)과 연관이 있는 것으로 고찰된다. 그 결과는 신사구체(腎絲球體) 여과율(濾過率)(GFR)과 관련(關聯)이 있는 것으로 나타나서, 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 개체의 오줌이 배설되는 정도는 담수(淡水)에 적응(適應)된 개체보다 훨씬 더 적게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 물고기 체내와 체외 사이의 삼투압(渗透壓)의 균형을 유지하기 위해서 신사구체(腎絲球體)가 수축되는 것으로 나타난 것으로 추정된다. 담수(淡水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 신장조직(腎臟組織)은 대부분 작고, 둥근 형태의 미토콘드리아를 가지고 있고, 전자밀도(電子密度)가 높은 미토콘드리아를 가지고 있다. 그러나 해수(海水)에 적응된 개체(個體)의 신장내(腎臟內)에 있는 미토콘드리아는 그 크기에 있어서 담수(淡水)에 서식하던 개체(個體)의 미토콘드리아 보다 길고, 타원형(楕圓形)으로 변형된 형태를 나타내었으며, 전자밀도(電子密度)가 높은 cristae를 가지고 있는 미토콘드리아의 수(數)가 상당히 증가하였다. 틸라피아는 적절한 염분농도(鹽分濃度)를 가진 환경에 적응할 수 있는 능력을 지니고 있고, 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응된 개체의 체중의 증가는 조직병리학적(組織病理學的) 변화(變化)에도 불구하고 0%o의 해수(海水)에 적응된 개체보다 훨씬 더높게 나타났다.