• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2017

Rye (Secale cereale L.) serves as an alternative host of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (PTR) the cause of tan spot on wheat. Rye is cultivated as a forage or cover crop and overlaps with a significant portion of wheat acreage in the U.S. northern Great Plains; however, it is not known whether the rye crop influences the evolution of PTR races. We evaluated a global collection of 211 rye accessions against tan spot and assessed the diversity in PTR population on rye in South Dakota. All the rye genotypes were inoculated with PTR races 1 and 5, and infiltrated with Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB, at seedling stage. We observed 21% of the genotypes exhibited susceptibility to race 1, whereas, 39% were susceptible to race 5. All 211 accessions were insensitive to both the Ptr toxins. It indicates that though rye exhibits diversity in reaction to tan spot, it lacks Ptr ToxA and ToxB sensitivity genes. This suggests that unknown toxins or other factors can lead to PTR establishment in rye. We characterized the race structure of 103 PTR isolates recovered from rye in South Dakota. Only 22% of the isolates amplified Ptr ToxA gene and were identified as race 1 based on their phenotypic reaction on the differential set. The remaining 80 isolates were noted to be race 4. Our results show that races 1 and 4 are prevalent on rye in South Dakota with a higher frequency of race 4, suggesting a minimal role of rye in the disease epidemiology.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.533-541
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• 2020

본 연구는 K-POP 가수의 신한복 스타일에 대한 국내·외 소비자들의 반응을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. '블랙핑크 한복'을 키워드로 포함하는 유튜브 영상과 사용자 댓글을 수집했으며, 소셜 네트워크 분석과 감성분석을 적용했다. 첫째, 블랙핑크의 신한복 스타일은 안무하기 편하도록 미니드레스 형태로 제작되었으며, 전통적 요소를 더해 현대적으로 재해석한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 블랙핑크의 신한복 패션에 대해 국내 반응에서는 노출에 대한 이슈가 논란이 된 키워드로 등장한 반면, 해외 반응에서는 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 감성분석 결과 국내보다 해외 반응에서 신한복 스타일에 대해 더 긍정적인 평가를 보였다. 본 연구는 광범위한 소비자들의 반응을 알아보고 신한복에 대한 긍부정 요소를 파악하여, 신한복이 나아가야 할 방향을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2004

$CO_2$ is a well-known green house gas as well as the major source of global warming. Many researchers have studied to reduce $CO_2$ emission in combustion processes. Among the method for reducing $CO_2$ emission, oxygen-enriched combustion has been proposed. Because its adiabatic flame temperature is relatively too high, existing facilities must be changed or the flame temperature in the combustion zone should be reduced. The combustion characteristics, composition in the flame zone, temperature profile and emission gases were investigated experimentally for the various oxygen-enriched ratios(OER) by the addition of $CO_2$, under constant $O_2$ flow rate. Results showed that the reaction zone was quenched and broadened as the addition of $CO_2$ was increased. The emission of NOx in flue gas was decreased as decreasing temperature in reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the addition of $CO_2$ was increased, the composition of CO in the flame zone was increased due to the increase of reaction rate by increasing mixing effect of oxidant/fuel at OER=0％, but the composition of CO was decreased by quenching effect at OER=50％ and 100％.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1389-1394
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• 2003

$CO_2$ is a well-known green house gas, which is the major source of global warming. Many researchers have studied to reduce $CO_2$ emission in combustion processes. Among the method for reducing $CO_2$ emission, oxygen-enriched combustion has been proposed. But the adiabatic flame temperature is too high. So existing facilities must be changed, or the adiabatic flame temperature in the combustion zone should be reduced. The combustion characteristics, composition in the flame zone, temperature profile and emission gases were studied experimentally for the various oxygen-enriched mtios(OER) by addition of $CO_2$ under coustant $O_2$ flowrate. Results showed that the reaction zone was quenched, broadened, as addition of $CO_2$ was increased. Temperature has a large effect on the NOx emission. The emission of NOx in flue gas decreased due to the decreased temperature of reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the addition of $CO_2$ was increased, the composition of CO in the flame zone increased due to the increase of reaction rate by increasing mixing effect of oxidant/fuel at OER=0, but the composition of CO decreased by quenching effect at OER=50 and 100%.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2013

Natural photosynthesis utilizes solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to energy-rich carbohydrates. Substantial use of sunlight to meet world energy demands requires energy storage in useful fuels via chemical bonds because sunlight is intermittent. Artificial photosynthesis research focuses the fundamental natural process to design solar energy conversion systems. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ($NAD^+$) and $NADP^+$ are ubiquitous as electron transporters in biological systems. Enzymatic, chemical, and electrochemical methods have been reported for NADH regeneration. As photochemical systems, visible light-driven catalytic activity of NADH regeneration was carried out using platinum nanoparticles, molecular rhodium and cobalt complexes in the presence of triethanolamine as a sacrificial electron donor. Pt nanoparticles showed photochemical NADH regeneration activity without additional visible light collector molecules, demonstrating that both photoactivating and catalytic activities exist together in Pt nanoparticles. The NADH regeneration of the Pt nanoparticle system was not interfered with the reduction of $O_2$. Molecular cobalt complexes containing dimethylglyoxime ligands also transfer their hydrides to $NAD^+$ with photoactivation of eosin Y in the presence of TEOA. In this photocatalytic reaction, the $NAD^+$ reduction process competed with a proton reduction.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2021

이 논문은 데이터 큐잉 알고리즘과 의약품 빅데이터를 통해 약품 성분-성분 간의 정보와 질병-성분 간의 정보를 지원함으로써 의약품 다약제 복용 시 부작용이 발생 가능한 약물 정보를 사용자에게 제공하기 위한 시스템을 제안하고 구현한다. 또한, 의약품 성분에 더하여 복용이 금지된 의약품, 공급업체, 유통업체의 정보 등을 제공함으로써 의료 전문가뿐만 아니라 일반 사용자의 의약품 복용에 대한 불안감을 덜어줄 수 있다. 제공되는 대표적인 정보는 두 가지 약물 사이에서 일어나는 부작용, 특정 의약품의 주성분과 효능, 동일한 제약회사에서 제조된 의약품, 만성 질환 환자가 주의해야 할 약품 성분 정보이다. 앞으로, 희귀병 약이나 신약에 대한 정보를 수집하여 데이터를 업데이트하는 것이 필요하다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2013

$V_2O_5/TiO_2$계 촉매상에서 $NH_3$에 의한 $NO_x$의 선택적환원은 310의 지구온난화지수를 갖는 $N_2O$의 또 다른 인위적인 배출원이 될 수 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으므로, 본 총설은 화석연료를 연소시키는 화력발전소용 상기 촉매상에서 SCR 탈질반응 동안에 $N_2O$ 생성과 관계되는 주요 변수들의 유의성을 다루고자 한다. $NH_3$-SCR 탈질반응에서 $N_2O$ 배출은 $NH_3$ 산화반응에 더하여 반응 중에 존재하는 $NO_x$와 $NH_3$ 간의 부반응을 통해 일어나 이 부반응들의 정도는 SCR 촉매의 활성성분인 $V_2O_5$의 함량과 조촉매의 종류($WO_3$와 $MoO_3$), 반응온도, $NO_2/NO_x$ 비율, 산소농도, 공간속도, 수분함량, 열처리 등과 같은 유입가스 조건과 운전변수 및 화력발전소 현장에 설치된 상용 SCR 탈질공정에서 격은 촉매의 이력에 크게 의존한다. 상기의 모든 변수들이 탈질반응에서 $N_2O$ 생성과 관계된다고 할지라도, 몇몇 핵심변수들이 $N_2O$ 생성에 미치는 영향과 상용 SCR 공정에서 $N_2O$ 생성을 억제할 수 있는 방안이 고찰되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2008

For continuous operation of the sulfur-iodine(SI) thermochemical cycle, which is expected practical method for massive hydrogen production, suggesting operation conditions at steady state is very important. Especially, in the Bunsen reaction section, the Bunsen reaction as well as side reactions is occurring simultaneously. Therefore, we studied on the relation between the variation of compositions in product solution and side reactions. The experiments for Bunsen reaction were carried out in the temperature range, from 268 to 353 K, and in the $I_2/H_2O$ molar ratio of $0.094{\sim}0.297$ under a continuous flow of $SO_2$ gas. As the result, sulfur formed predominantly with increasing temperature and decreasing $I_2/H_2O$ molar ratios. The molar ratios of $H_2O/H_2SO_4$ and $HI/H_2SO_4$ in global system were decreased as the more side reaction occurred. A side reactions did not appear at $I_2/H_2O$ molar ratios, saturated with $I_2$, irrespective of the temperature change. We concluded that it caused by the increasing stability of an $I_{2x}H^+$ complex and a steric hindrance with increasing $I_2/HI$ molar ratios.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1999년도 제19회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

Numerical analysis on the characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation in turbulent nonpremixed hydrogen-air flames was carried out. Lagrange IEM model and Assumed PDF model were applied to consider turbulence-chemistry interaction known to affect the production of NOx. Partial equilibrium assumption was used to predict nonequilibrium effect to which one-half power dependence between EINOx normalized by flame residence time and global strain rate is attributed. As a result. such one-half power dependence could be reproduced only by reaction model including $HO_{2}$and $H_{2}O_{2}$, which means its dependence on Damkohler number; nonequilibrium effect. This dependence was shown better in the region of higher global strain. Besides, the improvement of turbulence model is required to predict mean flow properties quantitatively in the radial direction.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.67-70
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• 2012

Many computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have treated the coal kinetics poorly due to large physical domain sizes and high computational complexity, particularly for the recent oxy-coal boilers. Furthermore, some modelers' lack of understanding of the kinetic rate model seems to worsen the simulation accuracy. This study is to suggest the importance of proper use of single-film global kinetic model generally used in CFD code to describe the oxy-fuel combustion of coal char through simple char burnout calculation.