• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2024

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are becoming increasingly sophisticated, equipped with advanced features and precise specifications, thus demanding efficient and high-performance hardware platforms. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based GNSS receiver development platform for multi-band signal processing. This platform utilizes a FPGA to provide a flexible and re-configurable hardware environment, enabling real-time signal processing, position determination, and handling of large-scale data. Integrated signal processing of L/S bands enhances the performance and functionality of GNSS receivers. Key components such as the RF frontend, signal processing modules, and power management are designed to ensure optimal signal reception and processing, supporting multiple GNSS. The developed hardware platform enables real-time signal processing and position determination, supporting multiple GNSS systems, thereby contributing to the advancement of GNSS development and research.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

The applications of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are becoming wider in various commercial and military systems including even small weapon systems such as artillery shells. The precision-guided munitions such as Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) of United States can be used for pinpoint strike by acquiring and tracking GNSS signals in high mobility situation. In this paper, a small GNSS receiver with embedded interference suppression capability working under high dynamic stress is developed which is applicable to the various weapon systems and can be used in other several harsh environments. It applies a kind of matched filter and multiple correlator schemes for fast signal acquisition and tracking of even weak signals and frequency domain signal processing method to eliminate the narrowband interference. To evaluate the performance of the developed GNSS receiver, the test scenario of high mobility and interference environment with the GNSS simulator and signal generator is devised. Then, the signal acquisition time, navigation accuracy, sensitivity, and interference suppression performances under high dynamic operation are evaluated. And the comparison test with the commercial GNSS receiver which has high sensitivity is made under the same test condition.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

Global Positioning System (GPS) is used in various fields such as communications systems, transportation systems, e-commerce, power plant systems, and up to various military weapons systems recently. However, GPS receiver is vulnerable to jamming signals as the GPS signals come from the satellites located at approximately 20,000 km above the earth. For this reason, various anti-jamming techniques have been developed for military application systems especially and it is also required for commercial application systems nowadays. In this paper, we proposed a dual-channel Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) RF ASIC for digital pre-correlation anti-jam technique. It not only covers all GNSS frequency bands, but is integrated low-gain/attenuation mode in low-noise amplifier (LNA) without influencing in/out matching and 14-bit analogdigital converter (ADC) to have a high dynamic range. With the aid of digital processing, jamming to signal ratio is improved to 77 dB from 42 dB with proposed receiver. RF ASIC for anti-jam is fabricated on a 0.18-μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and consumes 1.16 W with 2.1 V (low-dropout; LDO) power supply. And the performance is evaluated by a kind of test hardware using the designed RF ASIC.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2006

Ionospheric storms, caused by the interaction between Solar and geomagnetic activities, may degrade the differential GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite Systems) performance significantly, and the importance of the ionospheric storm research is growing for the GBAS(Ground-Based Augmentation System) and SBAS(Satellite-Based Augmentation System) development. In order to support Korean GNSS augmentation system development, a software tool for analyzing the regional ionosphere is being developed and its preliminary results are discussed. After brief description of the ionosphere and ionospheric storm, the research topics on the GBAS applications are discussed. The need for ionospheric spatial gradient analysis is described and some results on the ionospheric spatial gradient during recent storm periods are discussed.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2015

In the case of satellite navigation positioning, the shielding of satellite signals is determined by the environment of the region at which a user is located, and the navigation performance is determined accordingly. The accuracy of user position determination varies depending on the dilution of precision (DOP) which is a measuring index for the geometric characteristics of visible satellites; and if the minimum visible satellites are not secured, position determination is impossible. Currently, the GLObal NAvigation Satellite system (GLONASS) of Russia is used to supplement the navigation performance of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in regions where GPS cannot be used. In addition, the European Satellite Navigation System (Galileo) of the European Union, the Chinese Satellite Navigation System (BeiDou) of China, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) of Japan, and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) of India are aimed to achieve the full operational capability (FOC) operation of the navigation system. Thus, the number of satellites available for navigation would rapidly increase, particularly in the Asian region; and when integrated navigation is performed, the improvement of navigation performance is expected to be much larger than that in other regions. To secure a stable and prompt position solution, GPS-GLONASS integrated navigation is generally performed at present. However, as available satellite navigation systems have been diversified, finding the minimum satellite constellation combination to obtain the best navigation performance has recently become an issue. For this purpose, it is necessary to examine and predict the navigation performance that could be obtained by the addition of the third satellite navigation system in addition to GPS-GLONASS. In this study, the current status of the integrated navigation performance for various satellite constellation combinations was analyzed based on 2014, and the navigation performance in 2020 was predicted based on the FOC plan of the satellite navigation system for each country. For this prediction, the orbital elements and nominal almanac data of satellite navigation systems that can be observed in the Korean Peninsula were organized, and the minimum elevation angle expecting signal shielding was established based on Matlab and the performance was predicted in terms of DOP. In the case of integrated navigation, a time offset determination algorithm needs to be considered in order to estimate the clock error between navigation systems, and it was analyzed using two kinds of methods: a satellite navigation message based estimation method and a receiver based method where a user directly performs estimation. This simulation is expected to be used as an index for the establishment of the minimum satellite constellation for obtaining the best navigation performance.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

Geofencing supports unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation by defining stay-in and stay-out regions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed a prototype of the geofencing function, SAFEGUARD, which prevents stayout region violation by utilizing position estimates. Thus, SAFEGUARD depends on navigation system performance, and the safety risk associated with the navigation system uncertainty should be considered. This study presents a methodology to compute the safety risk assessment-based along-track position error bound under nominal and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) failure conditions. A Kalman filter system using pseudorange measurements as well as pseudorange rate measurements is considered for determining the position uncertainty induced by velocity uncertainty. The worst case pseudorange and pseudorange rate fault-based position error bound under the GNSS failure condition are derived by applying a Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor (RAIM). Position error bound simulations are also conducted for different GNSS fault hypotheses and constellation conditions with a GNSS/INS integrated navigation system. The results show that the proposed along-track position error bounds depend on satellite geometries caused by UAV attitude change and are reduced to about 40% of those of the single constellation case when using the dual constellation.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2024

Galileo is a European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that has offered the Galileo Open Service since 2016. Consequently, the standardization of GNSS augmentation systems, such as Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), and Aircraft Based Augmentation System (ABAS) for Galileo signals, is ongoing. In 2023, the European Union Space Programme Agency (EUSPA) released prior probabilities of a satellite fault and a constellation fault for Galileo, which are 3×10^-5 and 2×10^-4 per hour, respectively. In particular, the prior probability of a Galileo constellation fault is significantly higher than that for the GPS constellation fault, which is defined as 1×10^-8 per hour. This raised concerns about its potential impact on GBAS integrity monitoring. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard (SPS PS), a constellation fault is classified as a wide fault. A wide fault refers to a fault that affects more than two satellites due to a common cause. Such a fault can be caused by a failure in the Earth Orientation Parameter (EOP). The EOP is used when transforming the inertial axis, on which the orbit determination is based, to Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) axis, accounting for the irregularities in the rotation of the Earth. Therefore, a faulty EOP can introduce errors when computing a satellite position with respect to the ECEF axis. In GNSS, the ephemeris parameters are estimated based on the positions of satellites and are transmitted to navigation satellites. Subsequently, these ephemeris parameters are broadcasted via the navigation message to users. Therefore, a faulty EOP results in erroneous broadcast ephemeris data. In this paper, we assess the conventional ephemeris fault detection monitor currently employed in GBAS for wide faults, as current GBAS considers only single failure cases. In addition to the existing requirements defined in the standards on the Probability of Missed Detection (PMD), we derive a new PMD requirement tailored for a wide fault. The compliance of the current ephemeris monitor to the derived requirement is evaluated through a simulation. Our findings confirm that the conventional monitor meets the requirement even for wide fault scenarios.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2017

민간에 상용화된 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) 시스템은 정밀 PNT 서비스가 요구되는 분야에 적용하기 위한 요구 성능을 충족시키지 못한다. 따라서 일반적으로 위치 정밀도와 무결성 등을 향상시키기 위한 보정 시스템들이 다양하게 이용되고 있다. MSAS는 일본의 SBAS형 보정시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 일본의 MSAS 시스템이 한반도 영역에서 어떤 특성을 보이는지 분석하였다. 먼저, 시뮬레이션과 실험을 바탕으로 DGNSS 항법신호 및 항법파라미터 분석에 목적을 두고 수행하였다. 분석결과, MSAS 지상감시국과 한반도 남해안 수신점에서 3차원 위치 결정에 필요한 충분한 수의 항법위성이 동시에 관측되었으며, 수신점에서 MSAS 위성의 신호가 안정적으로 유지됨을 확인하였다. 또한 MSAS 3차원 위치 정밀도는 2m (2drms) 수준으로 세계적으로 사용되고 있는 범용의 DGNSS 수준과 유사함을 확인하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 우리나라 항공용 위성항법 보강시스템의 구축 방안에 대해 ICAO기준을 만족하는 전공역 위성항법 보강시스템 성능기준을 바탕으로 정량화하여 검토하였다. 국제적 동향으로부터 구축예상시점에서의 추세변화를 예측하고, 우선적으로 우리나라 여건에 적합한 구축 시나리오를 설정하여 가용성(Availability)에 대한 성능분석을 수행하였다. 국내 구축 시나리오로는 GBAS의 경우 국내 모든 공항에 구축하고, SBAS와 GRAS의 경우 5개 지역의 기준국과 2개의 중앙처리국이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 추가적으로 SBAS의 경우는 2개의 지상 송신국(Uplink Station)과 2개의 정지위성이 소요되고, GRAS의 경우는 15개의 VDB가 소요되는 것으로 분석되었다. 전공역에 대한 각 보강시스템들에 대한 우리나라에서의 기용성 분석결과를 제시하였으며, 위성항법기술의 발전추세를 종합적으로 고려하더라도, SBAS와 GRAS의 경우는 CAT-I 수준 이상의 가용성을 보장하지 못할 것으로 판단되는 반면, ABAS의 성능은 지속적으로 개량되어 나갈 것이 확실시 되므로 대형기 중심의 우리나라 상황에서의 항공항법용 보강시스템으로서는 ABAS와 GBAS만으로 충분할 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2016

정지궤도 위성들을 이용하여 사용자들에게 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) 정정 데이터 및 레인징 신호를 제공하는 SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System)는 국제민간항공기구에 의해 2025년까지 도입되도록 권고되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 개발/구축 사업으로 진행중인 한국형 SBAS 시스템인 KASS (Korea Augmentation Satellite System)의 위성통신시스템 RF 링크를 기본 설계하여 그 결과를 제시한다. C 대역 상향링크와 Ku 대역 상향링크를 모두 고려하여 SBAS 시스템에 대한 국제 표준 요구사항을 만족하도록 RF 링크를 설계하였고, 각 주파수 대역에 따른 요구되는 위성통신국의 최소 EIRP 및 G/T 성능 규모를 파악하였다. 이러한 RF 링크 설계 분석 결과를 이용하여 KASS 위성통신시스템의 하위 시스템 규격 선정시 효과적인 설계가 될 수 있도록 활용할 예정이다.