• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 1988

옥수수 군락상(群落上)에서 측정(測定)한 순복사량(純輻射量)과 일사량(日射量), 온도(氣溫)의 관측치(觀測値)를 이용(利用)하여 일사량(日射量)과 순복사량(純輻射量)의 관계식을 구하고 복사수지식(輻射收支式)의 각항(各項)에 관(關)한 경험식(經驗式)을 이용(利用)하여 주간순복사량(晝間純輻射量)으르 추정(推定)하는 모델을 제안(題案)하였으며 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일사량(日射量)과 주간순복사량(晝間純輻射量)의 관계식(關係式)은 $R_n(+)=0.6659$ $R_s$로 일사량(日射量)과 주간복사량(晝間純輻射量)의 비율(比率)이 66%이상(以上)이었다. 2. 일조율(日照率)이 35%이상(以上)인 흐린날의 일사량(日射量)과 주간순복사량(晝間純輻射量)의 관계식(關係式)은 $R_n(+)=0.7295{\cdot}R_s$로 흐린날에 옥수수 군락(群落)의 일사량(日射量)에 대(對)한 주간순복사량비율(晝間純輻射量比率)이 약간 큰 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 복사수지식(輻射收支式)을 이용(利用)하여 일사량(日射量)과 기온(氣溫)으로 주간순복사량(晝間純輻射量)의 추정식(推定式) {$(0.9R_s-(352-227{\times}10^{-10}{\times}Ta^4) (1.11R_s/R_{so}-0.05)$}을 얻었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.549-552
• /
• 2012

Recently the world is trying to reduce carbon emissions for global warming. Reducing use of fossil fuels can decrease carbon emission. In this reason the construction field has tried to reduce the use of fossil fuels relating to heating and cooling of buildings. An energy loss through the window system is about 10 to 30 percent of energy consumption of the whole building. The use of window film insulation is increasing to control the heat loss at the windows. The window film insulation absorbs solar radiation and makes the surface temperature of windows high. In this study, window surface temperature is measured, and an impact on indoor air is identified after attaching window film insulation. Finally, we found that cooling load decreases through simulation.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 1998

A small package of plasma instruments, Space Physics Sensor, will monitor the space environment and its effects on microelectronics in the low altitude region as it operates on board the KOMPSAT-1 from 1999 over the maximum of the solar cycle 23. The Space Physics Sensor (SPS) consists of two parts: the Ionospheric Measurement Sensor (IMS) and the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD). IMS will make in situ Measurements of the thermal electron density and temperature, and is expected to provide a global map of the thermal electron characteristics and the variability according to the solar and geomagnetic activity in the high altitude ionosphere of the KOMPSAT-t orbit. HEPD will measure the fluxes of high energy protons and electrons, monitor the single event upsets caused by these energetic charged particles, and give the information of the total radiation dose received by the spacecraft. The continuous operation of these sensors, along with the ground measurements such as incoherent scatter radars, digital ionosondes and other spacecraft measurements, will enhance our understanding of this important region of practical use for the low earth orbit satellites.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

According to the recent global warming, it is necessary to use energy efficiently together with eco-friendly energy. The development of alternative technologies is requisite for managing the current energy and climate crises. In this regard, "smart windows," which can control solar radiation, can be used to mitigate energy demands. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) effectively control the amount of solar energy reaching commercial and other living areas and maintain climate conditions via color modulation in response to small external stimuli, such as temperature and light irradiation. However, the performance and the stability of ECDs depend on the state of the electrolyte and sealing of the device. To resolve the aforementioned issues, an ECD was manufactured by using a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), and a laminating method was used to adequately seal the ECD. The concentrations of PMMA, acetonitrile (ACN), and ferrocene (Fc) were controlled to optimize the composition of the GPE to achieve an enhanced electrochromic performance. The fabricated GPE-based ECD afforded high optical contrast (~81.92%), with high electrochromic stability up to 10,000 cycles. Moreover, the lamination method employing the GPE could be used to fabricate large-area ECDs.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2000

최근 극지 해양 생태계는 화석연료 사용의 증가로 인한 지구 온난화, 오존층 파괴에 의한 자외선 증가 등과 같은 전 지구 환경변화에 영향을 받고 있다. 지구 온난화와 오존층 파괴에 의한 수온 상승, 빙하 후퇴, 해수면 상승, 해빙 분포 변화, 자외선 증가 등으로 인해 극지 해양 생물들의 성장 환경이 변화하는 등 여러 가지 증후들이 극지 해양 생태계에 나타나고 있다. 특히 빛을 에너지원으로 하고, 온도에 민감하며, 빠르게 성장하는 일차생산자들인 식물풀랑크톤들이 극지 해양의 물리적, 생지화학적 환경 변화에 가장 민감하게 영향을 받고 있다. 전체 극지 해양 생태계를 유지하기 위한 주요 탄소 공급원인 식물플랑크톤의 변화는 전체 극지 해양 생태계의 변화를 의미한다. 식물플랑크톤들은 오랜 기간 극한 환경에 적응하여 왔기 때문에 미세한 환경변화를 쉽게 감지하고 감시하기 위한 생물학적 환경 변화 지표종으로 이용될 수 있다. 전 지구 환경변화에 따른 극지 해양 생태계의 변화 양상을 이해하기 위해서는 환경 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 극지 식물플랑크톤에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 하며 표준화되고 대표적인 식물플랑크톤 지표종의 선정이 필요하다. 이 총설에서는 극지 식물풀랑크톤의 일반적인 특징, 서식환경, 극지 해양의 환경 변화, 환경 변화에 따른 식물플랑크톤의 영향, 전 지구 환경변화를 이해하기 위한 극지 식물플랑크톤의 중요성에 대한 최근 연구 동향이 정리되어 있다.

• 대기
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.301-316
• /
• 2017

This study analyzes the spatio-temporal variability of terrestrial carbon flux and the response of land carbon sink with climate factors to improve of understanding of the variability of land-atmosphere carbon exchanges accurately. The coupled carbon-climate models of CMIP5 (the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) and CT (CarbonTracker) are used. The CMIP5 multi-model ensemble mean overestimated the NEP (Net Ecosystem Production) compares to CT and GCP (Global Carbon Project) estimates over the period 2001~2012. Variation of NEP in the CMIP5 ensemble mean is similar to CT, but a couple of models which have fire module without nitrogen cycle module strongly simulate carbon sink in the Africa, Southeast Asia, South America, and some areas of the United States. Result in comparison with climate factor, the NEP is highly affected by temperature and solar radiation in both of CT and CMIP5. Partial correlation between temperature and NEP indicates that the temperature is affecting NEP positively at higher than mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, but opposite correlation represents at other latitudes in CT and most CMIP5 models. The CMIP5 models except for few models show positive correlation with precipitation at $30^{\circ}N{\sim}90^{\circ}N$, but higher percentage of negative correlation represented at $60^{\circ}S{\sim}30^{\circ}N$ compare to CT. For each season, the correlation between temperature (solar radiation) and NEP in the CMIP5 ensemble mean is similar to that of CT, but overestimated.

• 대기
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.277-295
• /
• 2022

The global weather prediction model, Korean Integrated Model (KIM), has been in operation since April 2020 by the Korea Meteorological Administration. This study assessed the performance of heat waves (HWs) in Korea in 2020. Case experiments during 2018-2020 were conducted to support the reliability of assessment, and the factors which affect predictability of the HWs were analyzed. Simulated expansion and retreat of the Tibetan High and North Pacific High during the 2020 HW had a good agreement with the analysis. However, the model showed significant cold biases in the maximum surface temperature. It was found that the temperature bias was highly related to underestimation of downward shortwave radiation at surface, which was linked to cloudiness. KIM tended to overestimate nighttime clouds that delayed the dissipation of cloud in the morning, which affected the shortage of downward solar radiation. The vertical profiles of temperature and moisture showed that cold bias and trapped moisture in the lower atmosphere produce favorable conditions for cloud formation over the Yellow Sea, which affected overestimation of cloud in downwind land. Sensitivity test was performed to reduce model bias, which was done by modulating moisture mixing parameter in the boundary layer scheme. Results indicated that the daytime temperature errors were reduced by increase in surface solar irradiance with enhanced cloud dissipation. This study suggested that not only the synoptic features but also the accuracy of low-level temperature and moisture condition played an important role in predicting the maximum temperature during the HWs in medium-range forecasts.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 2005

In order to monitor the global terrestrial carbon cycle, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) provides 8-day GPP images by use of satellite remote-sensing reflectance data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) at l-km nadir spatial resolution since December, 1999. MODIS GPP algorithm adopts DAO (Data Assimilation Office) meteorological data to calculate daily GPP. By evaluating reliability of DAO data with respect to surface weather station data, we examined the effect of errors from DAO data on MODIS GPP estimation in the Korean Peninsula from 2001 to 2003. Our analyses showed that DAO data underestimated daily average temperature, daily minimum temperature, and daily vapor pressure deficity (VPD), but overestimated daily shortwave radiation during the study period. Each meteorological variable resulted in different spatial patterns of error distribution across the Korean Peninsula. In MODIS GPP estimation, DAO data resulted in overestimation of GPP by $25\%$ for all biome types but up to $40\%$ for forest biomes, the major biome type in the Korean Peninsula. MODIS GPP was more sensitive to errors in solar radiation and VPD than in temperatures. Our results indicate that more reliable gridded meteorological data than DAO data are necessary for satisfactory estimation of MODIS GPP in the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권10호
• /
• pp.821-831
• /
• 2021

The relationship between night cooling rate and meteorological elements was investigated over the past five years (2016-2020), using weather data from the new (Daegu(143)) and old (Shinam(860)) Daegu Regional Meteorological Agency located in the suburban and urban regions, respectively. There was a correlation between the total daily amount of solar radiation (S_tot) and the night cooling rate in the both regions. However, a higher correlation was observed at the new Daegu Regional Meteorological Agency station (Daegu(143)). In particular, data from the new Daegu Regional Meteorological Administration's observatory, which experiences a low thermal storage effect caused by artificial structures, showed a higher correlation between nighttime cooling and weather factors. The reason for this is that the lesser the heat storage effect caused by the artificial structures, the better the effect of surface radiation cooling on temperature reduction. These findings confirm that the correlation between night cooling and weather factors can be used to assess the impact of artificial structures in cities.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.239-242
• /
• 2009

Since the atmospheric clearness index is main factor for evaluating atmosphere environment, it is necessary to estimate its characteristics all over the major cities in Korea. We have begun collecting clearness index data since 1982 at 16 different cities and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each city. The new clearness data will be extensively used by evaluating atmospheric environment analysts as well as by solar application designers or users. From the results, yearly mean 63.6 % of the atmospheric clearness index was evaluated for clear day all over in Korea