• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

The study empirically examines the impact of monetary fundamentals along with global oil prices on the Pak-rupee exchange rate using the monthly data over 2001-2020. Employing the cointegrating vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX) and vector error correction model with exogenous variables (VECMX), the study analyzes the impact of domestic monetary fundamentals while considering the foreign variables as weakly exogenous. In order to account for the structural breaks in the data, the Lagrange multiplier (LM) unit root test with two structural breaks has been used (Lee & Strazicich, 2003). The empirical results reveal that the domestic and foreign monetary variables significantly explain the exchange rate movements in Pakistan both in the long run and in the short run. The dynamic properties of the monetary model of exchange rate have been analyzed using the persistence profile analysis and generalized impulse response functions (GIRFs). The results reveal that the responses of shocks to domestic monetary fundamentals are consistent with the predictions of the monetary model of the exchange rate. Furthermore, being a net oil importer, a rise in global oil prices significantly depreciated the Pak-rupee exchange rate over the period of study. The global financial crisis (GFC) and pandemic (COVID-19) were also found to cause the Pak-rupee exchange rate depreciation.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic relationship between oil prices and macroeconomic variables (gross domestic product, consumer price index, and interest rate). Long-run and short-run effects of oil prices on these macroeconomic variables are examined. Design/methodology/approach - The vector error correction model (VECM) is used to examine the short-run and long-term causality of oil prices, and a hierarchical Bayesian vector autoregressive model (HBVAR) is used to find the impulse of oil shock and the response of other variables. Findings - First, oil prices do not have short-term causality with macroeconomic variables, but they have long-term causality with interest rates and GDP. Second, the long-term stable relationship of oil prices and other macroeconomic variables is important to find out causality. Third, oil shock increases interest rates and decreases GDP and consumer price. Research implications or Originality - The significance of this study is a new attempt to analyze the dynamic relationship between oil prices and macroeconomic variables by linking VECM and HBVAR. Although VECM can analyze the long-term relationship and short-term dynamics between oil prices and macroeconomic variables, it was difficult to identify the transmission path of the oil price shock. HBVAR is confirmed to be flexible because it can bypass the process of selecting VAR or VECM through unit root test and cointegration analysis, and it is expected to reduce uncertainty of selecting hyperparameters.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Oil prices have become more volatile as a result of global economic contraction and control measures. Before and during the COVID-19 crisis, this study examines the relationship between oil price swings and daily stock returns in the power sector. The impact is investigated using a panel Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. Granger causality tests are used to see if oil prices are effective in predicting returns. The dynamic impact of supply shocks is studied using Impulse Response Functions (IRFs). From January 2011 to May 2021, the study used daily data from all listed power sector enterprises on the Pakistan stock exchange. To investigate the differences in reactions between the Pre-COVID and COVID eras, the sample was separated into two groups. Oil shocks are inversely associated with daily firm stock returns. The conclusions are further supported by the lack of impact of stock prices on oil prices. The relationship, however, deteriorates during the COVID pandemic. We could not uncover any evidence of a significant relationship. In developing countries that rely on oil imports, the study sheds light on the utility of oil price shocks in daily stock return predictions.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2009

The situation of the global food markets has been being rapidly restructured and entering on a new phase by new dynamic and driving forces. The factors such as economic growth and income increase, high energy price, globalization, urbanization, and global climate change are transforming patterns of food consumption, production, and markets. The prices and markets of world food and energy are getting increasingly linked each other. Food and fuel are the global dilemma issues associated with the risk of diverting farmland or of consuming cereals for biofuel production in detriment of the cereals supply to the global food markets. An estimated 100 million tons of grain per year are being redirected from food to fuel. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: Firstly, the study examines situations of the world food and energy resources, analyzes the trends of prices of the crude oil and biofuel, and formulates the food-energy links mechanism. Secondly, the study builds a simulation model, based on system dynamics approach, for not only analyzing the global cereals market and energy market but also forecasting the global production, consumption, and stock of those markets by 2030 in the future. The model of this study consists of four sectors, i.e., world population dynamics sector, global food market dynamics sector, global energy market dynamics sector, scenario sector of world economic growth and oil price.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2024

본 연구는 국제유가와 국내외 해외건설 수주액간의 상관성을 분석하였다. 최근 20년간 국제유가 통계데이터와 국내 건설업체와 글로벌 해외건설기업의 해외건설 신규수주액 자료를 토대로 두 변수간의 상관계수(R)와 P-vaule 값을 산출하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 국내 건설업체의 해외건설 수주액과 국제유가의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 국제유가는 해외건설 수주액과의 상관계수가 0.8 이상이기 때문에 상관성이 높다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 국제유가와 Top 250 글로벌 해외건설기업의 신규 수주액의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 상관계수가 0.76으로 매우 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 국제유가의 변동에 따른 해외건설 수주액 증감에 영향을 많이 미치고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 아시아 지역과 중동지역의 해외건설 수주액의 상관계수가 매우 높았고, 산업설비와 건축의 해외건설 수주액의 상관계수가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 플랜트의 발주물량이 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 국제 유가변동에 대응하고, 해외건설 시장에서 경쟁력을 유지하기 위하여 진출전략을 제안하였다. 주요 방안으로는 다양한 지역 및 공급처 확보방안, 환율 변동위험을 최소화하기 위해 헤지기법을 활용하는 리스크 관리방안, 현지화된 인프라와 현지 시장에 적응할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 또한 현지 파트너십 구축과 현지 인력 확보방안과 건설 현장에서의 기술 혁신과 디지털화를 통해 생산성을 높이고 비용 절감 방안을 제안하였다. 이러한 연구결과 및 해외진출 전략은 유가 변동에 대응하여 해외 건설시장에서의 위험을 줄이고, 경쟁력을 강화하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

High oil prices and high demand supporting IOC move to frontier and NOC evolution. Most frontier area reserves are in NOC territory. IOCs need to be able to manage relationships with NOCs in order to be successful. They need to tune into what NOC priorities are. NOCs have different priorities depending on whether they are resource rich or resource poor. IOCs need to recognize $NOCs^{\circ}{\emptyset}$ priorities and differentiate themselves by using them when talking to NOCs.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2011

Oil price prediction is an important issue for the regulators of the government and the related industries. When employing the time series techniques for prediction, however, it becomes difficult and challenging since the behavior of the series of oil prices is dominated by quantitatively unexplained irregular external factors, e.g., supply- or demand-side shocks, political conflicts specific to events in the Middle East, and direct or indirect influences from other global economical indices, etc. Identifying and quantifying the relationship between oil price and those external factors may provide more relevant prediction than attempting to unclose the underlying structure of the series itself. Technically, this implies the prediction is to be based on the vectoral data on the degrees of the relationship rather than the series data. This paper proposes a novel method for time series prediction of using Semi-Supervised Learning that was originally designed only for the vector types of data. First, several time series of oil prices and other economical indices are transformed into the multiple dimensional vectors by the various types of technical indicators and the diverse combination of the indicator-specific hyper-parameters. Then, to avoid the curse of dimensionality and redundancy among the dimensions, the wellknown feature extraction techniques, PCA and NLPCA, are employed. With the extracted features, a timepointspecific similarity matrix of oil prices and other economical indices is built and finally, Semi-Supervised Learning generates one-timepoint-ahead prediction. The series of crude oil prices of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) was used to verify the proposed method, and the experiments showed promising results : 0.86 of the average AUC.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.663-670
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• 2016

본 논문은 국제유가 변동이 한국의 제조업 품목별 수출물가에 미치는 비대칭적 영향을 분석했다. 수출의존도가 큰 한국 기업들에게는 국제유가 변동을 수출물가에 얼마나 전가할 수 있는가의 여부가 중요하다. 수출물가에 대한 유가 변동의 전이 정도는 산업별로 다를 것이기 때문에 본 연구에서는 제조업 중 8개 산업의 모형을 각각 추정했다. 분석을 위한 모형으로 비선형 자기시차(Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag) 모형을 이용했다. 이 모형을 이용 시 국제유가의 상승기와 하락기를 구분하여 장단기 수출물가에 미치는 전이 효과의 차이를 테스트할 수 있다. 국제유가가 상승과 하락 시 모든 품목의 수출물가도 상승과 하락하는 양(+)의 전이효과가 나타났으나, 일부 품목에서는 그 영향이 비대칭적으로 나타났다. 일반기계와 수송장비 등 5개 품목에서는 단기적 비대칭성이 나타났으며, 석유 및 석탄제품과 섬유 및 가죽제품의 경우 단기적 비대칭뿐만 아니라 장기 비대칭이 나타났다. 국제유가가 1% 상승 시 석유 및 석탄제품의 수출단가는 장기적으로 0.992% 상승하나 하락 시에는 수출단가가 0.977% 하락하여 통계적으로 유의한 비대칭성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 이러한 국제유가가 수출물가에 주는 비대칭적 영향을 고려해 기업의 전략과 정부의 수출 정책을 수립해야 할 것이다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.213-214
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• 2023

The burden of housing heating costs has increased as energy prices such as global oil prices (28.1%), LNG (38%) and minerals (100%) have soared due to the Ukraine crisis. Accordingly, an electrically conductive cement composites had developed using waste carbon materials such as waste cathode materials, waste CNTs, and waste carbon fibers, and the heat generation performance was evaluated.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2017

This study investigates the causal relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for six Middle Eastern countries, namely, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, and Saudi Arabia before and during (after) the 2007 global financial crisis for the period between January 2004 and September 2015. The sample is divided into two sub-periods, that is, the period from January 1, 2004 to September 30, 2007 and the period from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2015, to represent the pre-crisis period and the post-crisis period, respectively. Using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model in a multivariate framework (including two control variables, inflation rates and oil prices) the results suggest that in the case of Jordan, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, there exists bidirectional causalities after the crisis period but not the before. The opposite status is available for the case of Iran. In the case of Oman, there is bidirectional causality between the variables of interest in both periods. The results also reveal that the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates has become stronger after the 2007 global financial crisis. Overall, the results of this study indicate that fluctuations in foreign exchange markets can significantly affect stock markets in the Middle East.