• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2024

Background: Restoration of external (ER) and internal rotation (IR) after Grammont-style reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is often unreliable. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of RSA medio-lateral offset and subscapularis repair on axial rotation after RSA. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating axial rotation (ER, IR, or both) after RSA with a defined implant design. Medio-lateral implant classification was adopted from Werthel et al. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: Thirty-two studies reporting 2,233 RSAs were included (mean patient age, 72.5 years; follow-up, 43 months; 64% female). The subscapularis was repaired in 91% (n=2,032) of shoulders and did not differ based on global implant lateralization (91% for both, P=0.602). On meta-analysis, globally lateralized implants achieved greater postoperative ER (40° [36°-44°] vs. 27° [22°-32°], P<0.001) and postoperative improvement in ER (20° [15°-26°] vs. 10° [5°-15°], P<0.001). Lateralized implants with subscapularis repair or medialized implants without subscapularis repair had significantly greater postoperative ER and postoperative improvement in ER compared to globally medialized implants with subscapularis repair (P<0.001 for both). Mean postoperative IR was reported in 56% (n=18) of studies and achieved the minimum necessary IR in 51% of lateralized (n=325, 5 cohorts) versus 36% (n=177, 5 cohorts) of medialized implants. Conclusions: Lateralized RSA produces superior axial rotation compared to medialized RSA. Lateralized RSA with subscapularis repair and medialized RSA without subscapularis repair provide greater axial rotation compared to medialized RSA with subscapularis repair. Level of evidence: 2A.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2024

Global climate change, followed by an increase in anthropogenic activities in aquatic ecosystems, and species invasions, has resulted in a decline in aquatic organism biodiversity. The Batanghari River, Sumatra's longest river, is polluted by mercury-containing illegal gold mining waste (PETI), industrial pollution, and domestic waste. Several studies have provided evidence suggesting a decline in fish biodiversity within the Batanghari River. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the present status of biodiversity in this river is currently lacking. The species under investigation were identified through various molecular-based identification methods, as well as morphological identification, which involved the use of neighbor-joining (NJ) trees. All collected specimens were initially identified using morphological techniques and subsequently confirmed with molecular barcoding analysis. Morphological and DNA barcoding identification categorized all specimens (1,692) into 36 species, 30 genera and 16 families, representing five orders. A total of 36 DNA barcodes were generated from 30 genera using a 650-bp-long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Based on the Kimura two-parameter model (K2P), The minimum and maximum genetic divergences based on K2P distance were 0.003 and 0.331, respectively, and the average genetic divergence within genera, families, and orders was 0.05, 0.12, 0.16 respectively. In addition, the average interspecific distance was approximately 2.17 times higher than the mean intraspecific distance. Our results showed that the COI barcode enabled accurate fish species identification in the Batanghari River. Furthermore, the present work will establish a comprehensive DNA barcode library for freshwater fishes along Batanghari River and be significantly useful in future efforts to monitor, conserve, and manage fisheries in Indonesia.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.409-420
• /
• 2012

Since the Industrial Revolution, CO2 levels have been increasing with climate change. In this study, Analyze time-series changes in snow cover quantitatively and predict the vanishing point of snow cover statistically using remote sensing. The study area is Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. 23 image data of Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+, spanning the 27 years from June 1984 to July 2011, were acquired. For this study, first, atmospheric correction was performed on each image using the COST atmospheric correction model. Second, the snow cover area was extracted using the NDSI (Normalized Difference Snow Index) algorithm. Third, the minimum height of snow cover was determined using SRTM DEM. Finally, the vanishing point of snow cover was predicted using the trend line of a linear function. Analysis was divided using a total of 23 images and 17 images during the dry season. Results show that snow cover area decreased by approximately $6.47km^2$ from $9.01km^2$ to $2.54km^2$, equivalent to a 73% reduction. The minimum height of snow cover increased by approximately 290 m, from 4,603 m to 4,893 m. Using the trend line result shows that the snow cover area decreased by approximately $0.342km^2$ in the dry season and $0.421km^2$ overall each year. In contrast, the annual increase in the minimum height of snow cover was approximately 9.848 m in the dry season and 11.251 m overall. Based on this analysis of vanishing point, there will be no snow cover 2020 at 95% confidence interval. This study can be used to monitor global climate change by providing the change in snow cover area and reference data when studying this area or similar areas in future research.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.181-198
• /
• 2008

Designing satellite constellations providing partial coverage of certain regions becomes more important as small low-altitude satellites receives an increasing attention due to its cost-effectiveness analysis. Generally, Walker's method is a standard constellation method for global coverage but not effective for partial coverage. The purpose of this study is to design optimal constellation of satellites for effective observation in Korean peninsula regions. In this study, a new constellation design method is presented for partial coverage, using direct control of satellites' orbital elements. And also, a ground repeating circular orbit is considered for each satellite's orbit with the Earth oblateness effect. As the results, at least four satellites are required to observe the Korean peninsula regions effectively when minimum elevation angle is assumed as 12 degrees. The results from new method are better than those from the best Walker method. The proposed algorithm will be useful to design satellite constellation missions of Korea in future.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.319-345
• /
• 2018

Effective higher educational management in undergraduate nursing programs is an important issue from the viewpoint of stakeholders. This qualitative research aimed to examine the characteristics of nursing students and curriculum development of undergraduate nursing education from the opinions of Boromarajonani College of Nursing Saraburi, Thailand stakeholders. The population included 4 groups: 1) the alumni who have graduated within the past 5 years and currently work in primary, secondary, and tertiary care units, 2) the supervisors and colleagues of the alumni, 3) nursing lecturers, and 4) the current nursing students. The respondents who are the alumni, nursing lecturers, and current nursing student were selected using a purposive sampling, for the supervisors and colleagues were selected using snowball techniques. Semi-structured interview questions were used for data collection. Group discussions were conducted until saturation on 55 key informants. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Results showed the viewpoints of stakeholders on the characteristics of future nurse graduates were comprised of four elements: knowledge that meets standards; essential skills for self-development and lifelong learning process; good morals and professional ethics in providing nursing care; and nurse competencies in teamwork, communication, language, research, management, IT, life skills, and global literacy. The viewpoints on the development of the nursing curriculum focus on four elements: the learner, teaching and learning, course content, and instructor tasks. For learners, the admission criteria should include a minimum not only of knowledge, but also positive attitude, science, and art skills, since the nursing profession is both a science and the art of caring. Teaching and learning elements should be authentic, including exposure to real situations, an integrated network, and activities that improve nursing care. Course content was comprised of an updated curriculum, humanized nursing care, student center, theory and practice with moral integration, case-based study, critical thinking, multidisciplinary work, and love for the nursing profession. Instructor tasks are to elicit student ideas, provide opportunities to learn, support infrastructure, support technology use, and extra-curricular activities to develop the competencies of nursing students. Recommendations were that the curriculum administration should review the selection process of student candidates and instructional management to achieve expected outcomes of nursing characteristics in the future. The nurse lecturer should provide authentic and integrated instruction, decrease lecturing, cultivate a lifelong learning process, and sustain the nursing characteristics.

• Korea and Global Affairs
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.5-40
• /
• 2018

The history of decentralization and autonomy is the result of the struggle for democracy against the authoritarian central government. Before the imminent law amendment, there are many tasks for decentralization and citizen autonomy. Therefore, decentralization and autonomy are not given on their own but they must be taken from authoritarian and centralist power group which possesses exclusive interests. The decentralization and autonomy now enters into the stage of development. In 1960, the April 19 Revolution opened the era of democratic local autonomy and it was abolished by the military coup of May 16, Now, the era of the reform of the decentralization are coming. Decentralization and autonomy will evolve from the stage of quantitative expansion to the stage of qualitative leap. This paper proposes that the revision of decentralization be the strategic maximum, and that the independence of the local government personnel rights be the tactical minimum. This paper insists that the independence of personnel right in the local government can be a link with law amendment for decentralization. Local autonomy and decentralization are the main subjects of the amendment. Above all, clarifying this is the subject and method of this study, and the scope of the study.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2009

The global minimum structures of the benzene-water, Bz-$H_2O$ and benzene-water cation complex, [Bz-$H_2O]^+$ have been investigated using ab initio and density functional theory(DFT) with very large basis sets. The highest levels of theory employed in this study are B3LYP/cc-pVQZ for geometry optimization and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ for binding energy. The harmonic vibrational frequencies and IR intensities are also determined at the various levels of theory to confirm whether the structure of water complex is affected by the presence of benzene. The binding energies of Bz-$H_2O$ (N-1) structure are predicted to be 3.92 kcal/mol ($D_e$) and 3.11 kcal/mol ($D_0$) after the zero-point vibrational energy correction at the MP2/cc-pVQZ//B3LYP/cc-pVQZ level of theory. The binding energies of [Bz-$H_2O]^+$ (C-1) structure are predicted to be 9.06 kcal/mol for $D_e$ and 7.82 kcal/mol for $D_0$ at the same level of theory.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.114-119
• /
• 2013

The present study tested 5 concrete mixes to develop reliable mixing proportions for the sustainable alkali-activated(AA) foamed concrete as a thermal insulation material for the floor heating system of buildings. The AA binder used was composed of 73.5% ground granulated blast-furnace slag, 15% fly ash, 5% calcium hydroxide, and 6.5% sodium silicate. As a main variable, the unit binder content varied from $325kg/m^3$ to $425kg/m^3$ at a space of $25kg/m^3$. The test results revealed that AA foamed concrete has considerable potential for practical applications when the unit binder content is close to $375kg/m^3$, which achieves the minimum quality requirements specified in KS F 4039 and ensures economic efficiency. In addition, lifecycle assessment demonstrated the reduction in the environmental impact profiles of all specimens relative to typical ordinary portland cement foamed concrete as follows: 99% for photochemical oxidation potential, 87~89% for global warming potential, 78~82% for abiotic depletion, and 70~75% for both acidification potential and human toxicity.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.spc
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2019

Multi-purpose dams in Korea play a very important role in water management such as supplying water for living, industrial water, and discharging instream flow requirement to maintain the functions of river. However, the vulnerability of dam water supply has been increased due to extreme weather events that are possible linked to climate change. This study attempts to project the future dam inflow of six multi-purpose dams by using dynamically downscaled climate change scenarios with high resolution. It is found that the high flows are remarkably increased under global warming, regardless of basins and climate models. In contrast, the low flows for Soyangang dam, Chungju dam, and Andong dam that dam inflow are originated from Taebaek mountains are significantly decreased. On the other hand, while the low flow of Hapcheon dam is shown to increase, those of Daecheong and Sumjingang dams have little changes. But, the low flows for future period have wide ranges and the minimum value of low flows are decreased for all dams except for Hapcheon dam. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new water management policy that can respond to extreme water shortages considering climate change.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.417-430
• /
• 2014

We have found an error in the operational OMI HCHO columns, and corrected it by applying a background parameterization derived on a 4th order polynomial fit to the time series of monthly average OMI HCHO data. The corrected OMI HCHO agrees with this understanding as well as with the other sensors measurements and has no unrealistic trends. A new scientific approach, statistical analyses with EOF and SVD, was adapted to reanalyze the consistency of the corrected OMI HCHO with other satellite measurements of HCHO, CO, $NO_2$, and fire counts over Africa. The EOF and SVD analyses with MOPITT CO, OMI $NO_2$, SCIAMAHCY, and OMI HCHO show the overall spatial and temporal pattern consistent with those of biomass burning over these regions. However, some discrepancies were observed from OMI HCHO over northern equatorial Africa during the northern biomass burning seasons: The maximum HCHO was found further downwind from where maximum fire counts occur and the minimum was found in January when biomass burning is strongest. The statistical analysis revealed that the influence of biogenic activity on HCHO wasn't strong enough to cause the discrepancies, but it is caused by the error in OMI HCHO from using the wrong Air Mass Factor (AMF) associated with biomass burning aerosol. If the error is properly taken into consideration, the biomass burning is the strongest source of HCHO seasonality over the regions. This study suggested that the statistical tools are a very efficient method for evaluating satellite data.