• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2022

The Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) is the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) - Real Time Kinematic (RTK) correction service utilizing the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) L6 (1278.65 MHz) signal to broadcast the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) error corrections. Compact State-Space Representation (CSSR) corrections for mitigating GNSS measurement error sources such as satellite orbit, clock, code and phase biases, tropospheric error, ionospheric error are estimated from the ground segment of QZSS CLAS using the code and carrier-phase measurements collected in the Japan's GNSS Earth Observation Network (GEONET). Since the CLAS service begun on November 1, 2018, users with dedicated receivers can perform cm-level precise positioning using CSSR corrections. In this paper, CLAS-based VRS-RTK performance evaluation was performed using Global Positioning System (GPS) observables collected from the refence station, TSK2, located in Japan. As a result of performing GPS-only RTK positioning using the open-source software CLASLIB and RTKLIB, it took about 15 minutes to resolve the carrier-phase ambiguities, and the RTK fix rate was only about 41%. Also, the Root Mean Squares (RMS) values of position errors (fixed only) are about 4cm horizontally and 7 cm vertically.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2022

The models used for ionosphere error correction in positioning using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are representatively Klobuchar model and NeQuick model. Although these models can correct the ionosphere error in real time, the disadvantage is that the accuracy is only 50-60%. In this study, a method for polynomial modeling of Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) which provides Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) in grid type was studied. In consideration of Ionosphere Pierce Points (IPP) of satellites with a receivable elevation angle of 15 degrees or higher on the Korean Peninsula, the target area for model generation and provision was selected, and the VTEC at 88 GIM grid points was modeled as a polynomial. The developed VTEC polynomial model shows a data reduction rate of 72.7% compared to GIM regardless of the number of visible satellites, and a data reduction rate of more than 90% compared to the Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) polynomial model when there are more than 10 visible satellites. This VTEC polynomial model has a maximum absolute error of 2.4 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU) and a maximum relative error of 9.9% with the actual GIM. Therefore, it is expected that the amount of data can be drastically reduced by providing the predicted GIM or real-time grid type VTEC model as the parameters of the polynomial model.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2020

본 논문은 차등 위성항법 보정 시스템을 이용한 측위 오차 보정을 통해 소형 드론의 위치를 정밀하게 계측할 수 있는 시스템 구현에 대해 서술하고 있다. 본 시스템은 고정된 위치에 자리하는 기준국과 실시간으로 움직이는 이동국(드론)으로 이루어져 있다. 자체 기준국 위치 정보와 국가에서 제공하는 관측 정보를 함께 후처리하여 기준국의 정밀 좌표를 획득하는 과정에 대해 서술하고, 이동국을 정밀 추적하기 위한 차등 위성 항법 시스템의 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 구성에 대해 설명한다. 기준국 및 이동국 구현에 있어 저가의 경량 위성 항법 수신기 및 오픈소스 소프트웨어 코드와 라이브러리를 활용하여 범용성과 경제성을 극대화 하였으며, 오차 보정 정보 송수신에는 비 면허 주파수 대역 무선통신인 지그비(Zigbee)를 사용하였다. 본 시스템을 이용하여 소형 드론 위치 추적 시험 결과, 평균 측위 오차가 0.8m 및 최대 측위 오차가 1.2m로, 단일 위성 항법 수신기를 사용했을 경우 대비 오차가 86% 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 해양/항공안전, 차량항법, 정밀농업, 정밀측량 등 우리사회 전반에 걸쳐 이용자가 급속히 확산되고 있는 GPS(Global Positioning System) 인프라에 대한 이용 불능상태를 대비하여 국가항법체계의 혼란을 예방하고 전파항법에 대한 BACK-UP 기능을 부여할 수 있는 지상 송신국 기반의 로란-C 항법의 활용을 제안하였다. 로란-C의 활용가치를 높이기 위한 위치오차 개선방안으로 ASF (Additional Secondary Phase Factor) 산출과 적용실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과로 로란-C 위치오차 100~400m를 10~65m로 현저히 개선할 수 있다는 결론에 도달하게 되었다. 또한 육상지역의 ASF보정테이블 이용 시 산출 범위는 복합매질과 굴곡면을 가만할 때 위도, 경도 10분 이내가 적절할 것으로 판단되며 향후 한반도 전역을 대상으로 한 ASF 보정테이블 적용시 현저한 위치오차개선과 GPS BACK-UP 기능수행이 가능할 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.87-90
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• 1988

This paper reports a simple posteriori error estimate method for adaptive finite element mesh generation using quadratic shape function especially for the magnetic field problems. The elements of quadratic shape function have more precise solution than those of linear shape function. Therefore, the difference of two solutions gives error quantity. The method uses the magnetic flux density error as a basis for refinement. This estimator is tested on two dimensional problem which has singular points. The estimated error is always under estimated but in same order as exact error, and this method is much simpler and more convenient than other methods. The result shows that the adaptive mesh gives even better rate of convergence in global error than the uniform mesh.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

Impact by estimation error of hourly horizontal global solar radiation in a weather file on building energy performance was investigated in this study. There are a number of weather parameters in a given weather file, such as dry-bulb, wet-bulb, dew-point temperatures; wind speed and direction; station pressure; and solar radiation. Most of them except for solar radiation can be easily obtained from weather stations located on the sites worldwide. However, most weather stations, also including the ones in South Korea, do not measure solar radiation because the measuring equipment for solar radiation is expensive and difficult to maintain. For this reason, many researchers have studied solar radiation estimation models and suggested to apply them to predict solar radiation for different weather stations in South Korea, where the solar radiation is not measured. However, only a few studies have been conducted to identify the impact caused by estimation errors of various solar radiation models on building energy performance analysis. Therefore, four different weather files using different horizontal global solar radiation data, one using measured global solar radiation, and the other three using estimated global solar radiation models, which are Cloud-cover Radiation Model (CRM), Zhang and Huang Model (ZHM), and Meteorological Radiation Model (MRM) were packed into TRY formatted weather files in this study. These were then used for office building energy simulations to compare their energy consumptions, and the results showed that there were differences in the energy consumptions due to these four different solar radiation data. Additionally, it was found that using hourly solar radiation from the estimation models, which had a similar hourly tendency with the hourly measured solar radiation, was the most important key for precise building energy simulation analysis rather than using the solar models that had the best of the monthly or yearly statistical indices.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

Gaining an accurate 3D stream geometry has become feasible with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which is crucial for better understanding stream hydrodynamic processes. The objective of this study was to investigate series of filters to remove stream vegetation and propose the best method for generating Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) using UAV-based point clouds. A stream reach approximately 500 m of the Bokha stream in Icheon city was selected as the study area. Point clouds were obtained in August 1st, 2023, using Phantom 4 multispectral and Zenmuse L1 for Structure from Motion (SfM) and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) respectively. Three vegetation filters, two morphological filters, and six composite filters which combined vegetation and morphological filters were applied in this study. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to assess each filters comparing with the two cross-sections measured by leveling survey. The vegetation filters performed better in SfM, especially for short vegetation areas, while the morphological filters demonstrated superior performance on LiDAR, particularly for taller vegetation areas. Overall, the composite filters combining advantages of two types of filters performed better than single filter application. The best method was the combination of Progressive TIN (PTIN) and Color Indicies of Vegetation Extraction (CIVE) for SfM, showing the smallest MAE of 0.169 m. The proposed method in this study can be utilized for constructing DTMs of stream and thus contribute to improving the accuracy of stream hydrodynamic simulations.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2008

In this paper we study the performance of the measurement time-delay estimation of tightly-coupled GPS/INS(Global positioning system/Inertial Navigation system) system. Generally, the heading error estimation performance of loosely-coupled GPS/INS system using GPS's Navigation Solution is poor. In the case of tightly-coupled GPS/INS system using pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate, the heading error estimation performance is better. However, the time-delay error on the measurement(pseudo-range rate) make the heading error estimation performance degraded. So that, we propose the time-delay model on the measurement and compose the time-delay estimator. And we confirm that the heading error estimation performance in the case of measurement time-delay existence is similar with the case of no-delay by Monte-Carlo simulation.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2023

Several experiments were carried out to analyze the impact of the modernized Global Positioning System (GPS) L2C signal on pseudorange-based point positioning. Three dual-frequency positioning algorithms, ionosphere-free linear combination, ionospheric error estimation, and simple integration, were used, and the results were compared with those of Standard Point Positioning (SPP). An analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of each dual-frequency positioning method, the impact of the magnitude of ionospheric error, and receiver grade. Ionosphere-free and ionospheric error estimation methods can provide improved positioning accuracy relative to SPP because they are able to significantly reduce the ionospheric error. However, this result was possible only when the ionospheric error reduction effect was greater than the disadvantage of these dual-frequency positioning algorithms such as the increment of multipath and noise, impact of uncertainty of unknown parameter estimation. The RMSE of the simple integration algorithm was larger than that of SPP, because of the remaining ionospheric error. Even though the receiver grade was different, similar results were observed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this paper, the block reweighting and global offset initialization methods are proposed to complement the improved IRLMS algorithm which is the effective algorithm in registration based SBNUC algorithm. Proposed block weighting method reweights the error map whose abnormal data are excluded. The global offset initialization method compensates the global nonuniformity initially. The ordinary registration based SBNUC algorithm is hard to compensate global nonuniformity because of low scene motion. We employ the proposed methods to improved IRLMS algorithm, and apply it to real-world infrared raw image stream. The result shows that new implementation provides 3.5~4.0dB higher PSNR and convergence speed 1.5 faster then the improved IRLMS algorithm.