• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2016.02a
• /
• pp.196.1-196.1
• /
• 2016

TCO(Transparent Conducting Oxide) on flat glass is used in thin-film photovoltaic cell, flat-panel display. Nowadays, Corning(R) Willow Glass(R), known as flexible substrate, has attracted much attention due to its many advantages such as reliable roll-to-roll glass processing, high-quality flexible electronic devices, high temperature process. Also, it can be an alternative to flexible polymer substrates which have their poor stability and degradation of electrical and optical qualities. For application on willow glass, the flexibility, electrical, optical properties can be greatly influenced by the TCO thin film thickness due to the inherent characterization of thin film in nanoscale. It can be expected that while thick TCO layer causes poor transparency, its sheet resistance become low. Also, rarely reports were focusing on the influence of flexible properties by varying TCO thickness on flexible glass. Therefore, it is very important to optimize TCO thickness on flexible Willow glass. In this study, Ti-ZnO thin films, with different thickness varied from 0 nm to 50 nm, were deposited on the flexible willow glass by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The flexible, electrical and optical properties were investigated, respectively. Also, these properties of Ti-doped ZnO thin films were compared with un-doped ZnO thin film. Based on the results, when Ti-ZnO thin films thickness increased, resistivity decreased and then saturated; transmittance decreased. The Figure of Merit (FoM) and flexibility was the highest when Ti-ZnO thickness was 40nm. The flexible, electrical and optical properties of Ti-ZnO thin films were better than ZnO thin film at the same thickness.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2008

In this paper the glass inspection system for the thickness and flatness is implemented. Laser sensors and robot arms required for glass measurements is tested on the performance assesment. Three kinds of laser sensors are used and analysed, and 3-axis robot arm with the ball-screwed type is implemented. Thus the methods of glass measurement is discussed and the difficulties are solved to propose the solutions. To minimize the errors of glass measurement the system is improved as considered device errors.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.703-706
• /
• 2009

The external electrode fluorescent lamp(EEFL) has recently been applied to backlight of LCD TV as a new light source. The dependence of the electro-optic characteristics of the EEFL used in direct-lit backlights on the glass thickness was examined in detail, and the ultraviolet(UV)-light efficiency was estimated. It was found that the lamp efficiency became larger as the glass thickness decreased if other conditions were the same.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2016

PURPOSES : In this study, we evaluated changes in the retroreflectivity and luminance of phosphorescent road line markings with changes in glass beads and line marking thickness. METHODS : The color of line markings affects their retroreflectivity. Using a chromaticity test, we conducted the analysis of whether phosphorescent road line markings adhered to the "KS M 6080" standard. Then, we measured the dry retroreflectivity and wet retroreflectivity for various glass bead refractive indices. We conducted wet retroreflectivity test using the EN 1436 standard as the basis. We also conducted luminance tests for different glass bead refractive indices and line marking thicknesses. RESULTS : 1. Phosphorescent road line markings specimens satisfied the "KS M 6080" standard. 2. In dry retroreflectivity test, phosphorescent road line markings sprayed with glass beads satisfied the national police agency standard ($240mcd/(m^2{\cdot}Lux)$). Wet retroreflectivity test results showed that except for one type of No.1 glass beads, phosphorescent road line markings specimens sprayed with glass beads of one type of No.3 and two types of No.1 satisfied the national police agency standard ($100mcd/(m^2{\cdot}Lux)$). 3. Phosphorescent road line markings had higher retroreflectivity than non-phosphorescent road line markings in the dry condition. 4. Phosphorescent road line markings sprayed with glass beads demonstrated improved luminance. Luminance increased with higher glass bead refractive index and with increased line marking thickness. However, when the thickness crossed a certain threshold, phosphorescence ceased to increase; this is a characteristic of the phosphorescence phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS : Visibility across short distances can be ensured when phosphorescent road line markings are sprayed with glass beads, because of the retroreflection phenomenon. It is also possible to ensure far visibility using phosphorescent road line markings.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1996.07c
• /
• pp.1421-1423
• /
• 1996

In this study, the effect of solar cell cover glass on the solar cell performance is evaluated. Silicon solar cell (active area:4*6cm, efficiency:12.6% at AMO condition) is used for this study. ITO(Indium tin Oxide) film thickness of the ITO/AR/substrate glass/solar cell structure samples are $40{\AA}$, $60{\AA}$, $160{\AA}$, $240{\AA}$ respectively. The solar cell maximum output power on the stacking structure variations showed 465mW in the AR/ITO/substrate glass/solar cell, and minimum output power showed 403mW in the AR/substrate glass/solar cell. The maximum output power of the solar cell on the ITO thickness variations of the ITO/AR/substrate glass/solar cell showed 460mW at $40{\AA}$ then decrease output power as ITO thickness increase. For environment tests, all samples are exposed UV light in the vacuum chanber. The output power degradation of AR(UVR)/substrate glass/solar cell stacking structure is small compared with ITO/AR(UVR)/substrate glass/solar cell stacking structure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2009

This paper describes a measuring device of glass thickness using machine vision and image processing techniques on real-time. Today, the machine vision enable to inspect fast and exactly than human's eyes. The presented system has advantages of continuous measurement, flexibility and good accuracy. The system consists of a laser diode, a CCD camera with PC. The camera located on the opposite side of the incident beam measures the distance between two reflected laser beams from the glass top and bottom surface. We apply a binary algorithm to convert and analyze the image from camera to PC. Laser point coordination by border tracing algorithm is used to find the center of beam circle. The measured result was compared with micrometer and showed 0.002mm accuracy. Finally, the errors were discussed how to minimize the influence of glass wedge angle and angular error of moving stage.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2013

To study the encapsulation method for large-area organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), OLED of ITO / 2-TNATA / NPB / $Alq_3$:Rubrene / $Alq_3$ / LiF / Al structure was fabricated, which on $Alq_3$/LiF/Al as protective layer of OLED was deposited to protect the damage of OLED, and subsequently it was encapsulated using attaching film and flat glass. The current density and luminance of encapsulated OLED using attaching film and flat glass has similar characteristics compared with non-encapsulated OLED when thickness of Al as a protective layer was 1200 nm, otherwise power efficiency of encapsulated OLED was better than non-encapsulated OLED. Encapsulation process using attaching film and flat glass did not have any effects on the emission spectrum and the Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate. The lifetime of encapsulated OLED using attaching film and flat glass was 287 hours in 1200 nm Al thickness, which was increased according to thickness of Al protective layer, and was improved 54% compared with 186 hours in same Al thickness, lifetime of encapsulated OLED using epoxy and flat glass. As a result, it showed the improved efficiency and the long lifetime, because the encapsulation method using attaching film and flat glass could minimize the impact on OLED caused through UV hardening process in case of glass encapsulation using epoxy.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2014

To realize high-performance thin film solar cells, we prepared CIGS by the co-evaporation technique on both sodalime and Corning glass substrates. The structural and efficient properties were investigated by varying the thickness of the Mo:Na layer, where the total thickness of the back contact was fixed at 1${\mu}m$. As a result, when the Mo:Na thickness was 300 nm on soda-lime glass, the measured Na content was 0.28 %, the surface morphology was a plate-like compact structure, and the crystallinity by XRD showed a strong peak of (112) preferential orientation together with relatively intense (220) and (204) peaks as the secondary phases influenced crystal formation. In addition, the substrates on soda-lime glass effected the lowest surface roughness of 2.76 nm and the highest carrier density and short circuit current. Through the optimization of the Mo:Na layer, a solar conversion efficiency of 11.34% was achieved. When using the Corning glass, a rather low conversion efficiency of 9.59% was obtained. To determine the effects of the concentration of sodium and in order to develop a highefficiency solar cells, a very small amount of sodium was added to the soda lime glass substrate.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.473-480
• /
• 1997

Surface passivation using glass powders results in good reliability for high voltage silicon power devices. In this paper Zinc borosilicate glass and Lead borosilicate glass were prepared for the purpose of passivating, and a deposition technique of glass films on the silicon surface by electrophoresis in which acetone is used as a suspension medium has been investigated. Their physical properties were compared using DTA, SEM, XRD, as a function of firing temperature, I can get the fine films of 22${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thickness with Lead borosilicate glass under 300 volts applied, 3 minutes and $700^{\circ}C$ firing temperature. Also I can get the fine films of 17${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thickness with Zinc borosilicate glass under same conditions. As a result of investigation of glass films from which glass layer was removed by placing it in HCl, it has been found that pre-firing and annealing play an important role to achieve uniform and fine glass deposition films. And also it was found that relative dielectric constant is independence of frequency.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.332-337
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the surface defect analysis based on the experimental investigation of scribed glasses. The scribing process by a diamond wheel cutter is widely used as a reliable and inexpensive method for sizing of glass sheets. The wheel cutter generates a small median crack on the glass surface, which is then propagated through the glass thickness for complete separation. The surface contour patterns in which are formed during a scribing process are strongly related to wheel cutter parameters such as wheel tip surface finish, tip angle and wheel diameter, and cutting process parameters such as scribing pressure, speed and tooling technique. The scribed surface of a glass sheet provides normal Wallner lines, which represent regular median cracks and crack propagation in glass thickness, and abnormal surface roughness patterns. In this experimental study, normal and abnormal surface topographic patterns are classified based on the surface defect profiles of scribed glass sheets. A normal surface of a scribed glass sheet shows regular Wallner lines with deep median cracks. But some specimens of scribed glass sheets show that abnormal surface profiles of glass sheets in two pieces are represented by a chipping, irregular surface cracks in depth, edge cracks, and combined crack defects. These surface crack patterns are strongly related to easy breakage of the scribed glass imposed by external forces. Thus the scribed glass with abnormal crack patterns should be removed during a quality control process based on the surface defect classification method as demonstrated in this study.